Green Computing

Cover Page

GREEN COMPUING

Author: Ms. Priyanka Kotwani

3rd yr, CSE, JIET-SETG
Email id: [email protected]

Under the Supervision of

Ms. Suman Goyal

Sr. Lecturer, CSE, JIET
Email id: [email protected]

1. Introduction 3
JIET Page 1
 Green Computing

2. Why Green Computing is Needed 3

3. Core Objectives of Green Computing 4
4. Approaches to Green Computing

4.1 Virtualization 4

4.2 Power Management 5

4.3 Power Supply 5

4.4 Storage 5

4.5 Display 6

4.6 Materials Recycling 6

4.7 Telecommuting 6

5. NComputing - an architecture that changes the green equation

5.1 Consumes 90% less energy per user 7

5.2 Air conditioning—the hidden environmental cost 7

5.3 98% less e-waste in landfills 8

6. Future of Green Computing 8

7. Conclusion 8

8. Bibliography 9

JIET Page 2
 Green Computing

Green Computing systems—efficiently and effectively with

minimal or no impact on the environment."
Abstract As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos
and electronic items, energy issues will get a
As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos serious ring in the coming days, as the public
and electronic items, energy issues will get a debate on carbon emissions, global warming
serious ring in the coming days. If we think and climate change gets hotter. The average PC
computers are nonpolluting and consume very wastes about half the energy provided to it,
little energy we need to think again. Green according to the Climate Savers Computing
computing is the term used to denote efficient Initiative, an industry group dedicated to
use of resources in computing. This term reducing greenhouse-gas emissions
generally relates to the use of computing
resources in conjunction with minimizing The goals of green computing are similar
environmental impact, maximizing economic to green chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous
viability and ensuring social duties. Green materials, maximize energy efficiency during
computing is very much related to other similar the product's lifetime, and promote
movements like reducing the use of the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct
environmentally hazardous materials like CFCs, products and factory waste. Research continues
promoting the use of recyclable materials, into key areas such as making the use of
minimizing use of non-biodegradable computers as energy-efficient as possible, and
components, and encouraging use of sustainable designing algorithms and systems for
resources. This seminar report gives a general efficiency-related computer technologies.
overview on the current state of opportunities lie
in green technology and organizations which are
seeing it as a way to create new profit centers
while trying to help the environmental cause 2. Why Green Computing is
and several formations that we can explore in it needed?
in coming future. The plan towards green IT
should include new electronic products and IT Executives are at last coming under
services with optimum efficiency and all increasing pressure to deliver a Green IT or
possible options towards energy savings. Green Computing Strategy. Executive boards
are finally recognizing there can be a genuine
competitive advantage in adopting green issues
1. Introduction and signing up to a low carbon emissions
footprint. Having a Green IT Strategy can
directly affect the view of the organizations
Green computing or green IT, refers to
customers. Customers will clearly continue to
environmentally sustainable computing or IT.
evaluate suppliers based on product/service
Dr. San Murugesan a Senior Consultant defines
offerings and their costs, however, if all else is
the field of green computing as "the study and
equal, then choosing a supplier with a low
practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and
carbon policy can be a key differentiator. Most
disposing of computers, servers, and associated
people do want to support green issues and
subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage
adopting suppliers with low-carbon strategies
devices, and networking and communications
helps buyers to feel good about their decisions.

JIET Page 3
 Green Computing

Green IT also brings with it direct cost benefits Computer virtualization is the process of
for the organization, making it an easier sell to running two or more logical computer systems
the more sceptical boards of directors. With a on one set of physical hardware. With
Green Computing or IT Strategy we can reduce virtualization, a system administrator could
equipment, power, air-conditioning, and support combine several physical systems into virtual
costs. This applies throughout the enterprise machines on one single, powerful system,
not just in data-centers or our server rooms but thereby unplugging the original hardware and
desktop computers as well. reducing power and cooling consumption. One
of the primary goals of almost all forms of
virtualization is making the most efficient use of
available system resources.

3. Core Objectives of Green

Computing Strategies
 Minimizing energy consumption
 Purchasing green energy
 Reducing the paper and other
consumables used
 Minimizing equipment disposal
requirements
 Reducing travel requirements for
employees/customers Virtualization highlights the idea of “Green
Computing”; by consolidating servers and
maximizing CPU processing power on other
servers. Storage virtualization makes it possible
for systems to access a shared storage
subsystem. It’s clear that this approach would
reduce the number of storage devices needed,
the amount of power required, the heat produced
and, as a wonderful side effect, would reduce
4. Approaches to Green the operational and administrative costs of back
up, archival storage etc.
Computing
4.2 Power Management:
Lower power consumption also means lower
4.1 Virtualization: heat dissipation, which increases system

JIET Page 4
 Green Computing

stability, and less energy use, which saves

money and reduces the impact on the
environment.
The Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface (ACPI), an open industry standard,
allows an operating system to directly control
the power saving aspects of its underlying
hardware. This allows a system to automatically
turn off components such as monitors and hard
drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition,
a system may hibernate, where most Climate savers computing initiative promotes
components (including the CPU and the system energy saving and reduction of greenhouse gas
RAM) are turned off. ACPI is a successor to an emissions by encouraging development and use
earlier Intel-Microsoft standard called Advanced of more efficient power supplies
Power Management, which allows a computer's
BIOS to control power management functions. 4.4 Storage:
There are three routes available, all of which
Power management for computer systems are vary in cost, performance, and Capacity.
desired for many reasons, particularly:
 P rolong battery life for portable and The most conventional route is the 3.5" desktop
embedded systems. hard drive. For laying focus on reduced power
Reduce cooling requirements. consumption reduced RAM low power idle
Reduce noise. mode with fixed rotation speed have come in
Reduce operating costs for energy and scene. Its advantage is highest possible capacity
cooling. plus the best performance.

4.3 Power Supply: The second option is to use a 2.5" laptop hard
drive. These consume less power than larger
Power supplies in most computers (PSUs for disks as a result of their smaller platters, smaller
short) aren't designed for energy efficiency. In motors, and firmware
fact, most computers drain more power than
they need during normal operation, leading to The lowest-power option is to use a solid state
higher electrical bills and a more dire hard drive (SSD), which typically draw less than
environmental impact. The 80 Plus program is a one-third the power of a 2.5" disk. The latest,
voluntary certification system for power-supply highest-performance SSDs are very fast and
manufacturers. If a PSU meets the certification, consume less energy
it will use only the power it needs at a given
Load i.e. it won't use more power than it needs. 4.5 Displays:
Various initiatives are underway to improve the
efficiency of computer power supplies.

JIET Page 5
 Green Computing

and hexavalent chromium out of landfills.

Computing supplies, such as printer cartridges,
paper, and batteries may be recycled as well.
Obsolete computers are a valuable source for
secondary raw materials, if treated properly,
however if not treated properly they are a major
source of toxins and carcinogens.

4.7 Telecommuting:
LCD monitors typically use a cold-cathode Teleconferencing and telepresence technologies
fluorescent bulb to provide light for the display. are often implemented in green computing
Some newer displays use an array of light- initiatives. The advantages are many; increased
emitting diodes (LEDs) in place of the worker satisfaction, reduction of greenhouse gas
fluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of emissions related to travel, and increased profit
electricity used by the display. LCD monitors margins as a result of lower overhead costs for
uses three times less when active, and ten times office space, heat, lighting, etc
less energy when in sleep mode. LCDs are up to
66% more energy efficient than CRTs, LCDs
are also upwards of 80% smaller in size and
weight, leading to fuel savings in shipping.
LCDs produce less heat, meaning you'll need
less AC to keep cool.LCD screens are also
easier on the eyes. Their lower intensity and
steady light pattern result in less fatigue versus
CRTs.

4.6 Materials Recycling: Rather than traveling great distances, in order to

have a face-face meeting, it is now possible to
teleconference instead, using a multiway video
phone. Each member of the meeting, or each
party, can see every other member on a screen
or screens, and can talk to them as if they were
in the same room. This brings enormous time
and cost benefits, as well as a reduced impact on
the environment by lessening the need for travel
- a damaging source of carbon emissions.

Computer recycling refers to recycling or reuse

of a computer or electronic waste 5. NComputing - an architecture
Additionally, parts from outdated systems may that changes the green equation
be salvaged and recycled through certain retail
outlets and municipal or private recycling
NComputing systems are a major leap forward
centers. Recycling computing equipment can
in green computing. More than 15,000
keep harmful materials such as lead, mercury,
JIET Page 6
 Green Computing

organizations in over 80 countries have used which translates to over 1 metric ton of CO2
NComputing to slash their carbon footprint and emissions per year.
electric consumption. The NComputing solution
is based on a simple fact: today’s PCs are so
powerful that the vast majority of applications
only use a small fraction of the computer’s
capacity. NComputing’s virtualization software
and hardware tap this unused capacity so that it
can be simultaneously shared by multiple users.

5.2 Air conditioning—the hidden

environmental cost
The NComputing virtualization software works
A single PC generates more heat than a 100
on a standard Windows or Linux1 PC. Each
watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or
user’s monitor, keyboard, and mouse connect to
office with PCs warms up very
the shared PC through a small and durable
quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost
NComputing access device. The device itself
always have to be air conditioned. Air
has no CPU, memory, or moving parts—so it is
conditioners raise electricity costs and require
easy to deploy and maintain. It also consumes
large capital expenditures to buy, install, and
very little power.
maintain them. In comparison, a room equipped
with PCs and NComputing access devices
generates 90% less heat and does not require
additional air conditioning.
5.1 Consumes 90% less energy per
user

PCs typically consume between 110 to 200 5.3 98% less e-waste in landfills
watts of electricity. In contrast, NComputing
access devices consume next to nothing. In fact, It is found out lately that while electronic waste
NComputing’s L-series devices consume 5 represents only 2% of trash in landfills, it
watts per added user and the X-series consume represents 80% of the toxic waste. NComputing
just 1 watt per added user. If you replace greatly reduces the magnitude of this problem.
seventy PCs with ten PCs attached to sixty
NComputing X-series access devices, you • In sheer weight, PCs generate much more
would save over 10,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh), waste than virtual desktops. A typical PC

JIET Page 7
 Green Computing

weighs about 21 pounds (9.5 kg); an attaching up to 10 monitors, mice and

NComputing access device weighs about 1/3 of keyboards. This makes it possible to reduce
a pound (0.15 kg), for a 98% reduction in CO2 emissions by up to 15 tons per year per
electronic waste. system and reduce electronic waste by up to
80%. Userful has recently stated that in the last
• An NComputing access device also has a year their software has saved over 13,250* tons
much longer useful life than a PC. When a of CO2 emissions, the equivalent of taking
shared PC is replaced with a newer one, the PC 2,300 cars off the road.
may go to a landfill, but the NComputing users
can keep their access devices and enjoy the Another approach for future Green Computing
boost in performance from the new PC. So is building big more and more data centers
whereas PCs might be upgraded every three where data center refers to a centralized
years or so, access devices could easily last five repository, either physical or virtual, for the
years or more. With less frequent turnover, less storage, management, and dissemination of data
equipment ends up in landfills. and information organized around a particular
body of knowledge or pertaining to a particular
• NComputing access devices are also compliant business.
with RoHS regulations, which restrict the use of
lead and other harmful metals.
7. Conclusion
6. Future of Green Computing So far, consumers haven't cared about
ecological impact when buying computers,
The plan towards green IT should include new they've cared only about speed and price. But as
electronic products and services with Moore's Law marches on and computers
optimum efficiency and all possible commoditize, consumers will become pickier
options towards energy savings. That is about being green. Devices use less and less
enterprise wise companies are laying power while renewable energy gets more and
emphasis on moving towards Eco more portable and effective. New green
Friendly Components in Computers, the materials are developed every year, and many
use of eco-friendly sustainable toxic ones are already being replaced by them.
components will become the norm So green computing is a
rather than the exception in future. mindset that asks how we can satisfy the
growing demand for network computing
To this approach for an instance - A Canadian without putting such pressure on the
Company, Userful Inc. (www.userful.com) have environment. There is an alternative way to
come up with a solution that turns 1 computer design a processor and a system such that we
into 10 - Discover Station. Quickly becoming don't increase demands on the environment, but
the standard for green computing worldwide, still provide an increased amount of processing
Discover Station leverages the unused capability to customers to satisfy their business
computing power of modern PC’s to create an needs. Green computing is not about going out
environmentally efficient alternative to and designing biodegradable packaging for
traditional desktop computing. Multiple users products. Now the time came to think about the
can work on a single computer by simply efficiently use of computers and the resources
JIET Page 8
 Green Computing

which are non renewable. It opens a new

window for the new entrepreneur for harvesting
with E-waste material and scrap computers.
The greenest computer will not
miraculously fall from the sky one day; it’ll be
the product of years of improvements. The
features of a green computer of tomorrow
would be like: efficiency, manufacturing &
materials, recyclability, service model, self-
powering, and other trends. Green computer will
be one of the major contributions which will
break down the 'digital divide', the electronic
gulf that separates the information rich from the
information poor.

8. Bibliography

 file:///D:/15%20sept%20ppt/Green
%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,
%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm

 www.research.microsoft.com/pubs/7881
3/AJ18_EN.pdf

 www.techno-
preneur.net/information.../Green
%20Computing.pdf

 www.computeruser.com/.../the-future-
of-green-computing.html

 www.pcmicronetics.com/.../NComputin
g%20Technology%20White%20Paper
%202-2-07.pdf

 www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_center

 www.brighthub.com/environment/green-
computing/.../73844.aspx

JIET Page 9
 Green Computing

JIET Page 10