Linux OS, Ubuntu Distro Linux OS, Ubuntu Distro Linux OS, Ubuntu Distro Linux OS, Ubuntu Distro Linux OS, Ubuntu Distro
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[email protected] can you copy, edit and redistribute Not for Commercially Printable Media
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IBM = AIX (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) Unix V 1986 -2007
HP = HP-UX (Hewlett Packard UniX) Unix V 1989- 2008
SIG = IRIX Unix V + BSD 1998-2006
Sun Microsystems = SunOS Unix 7 + BSD 1982 -1994
DEC, HP, IBM, Compaq = Tru64 1992 -2006
DEC = Ultrix (BSD Unix) 1977~78 - 1995
Microsoft = Xenix (Unix) 1970-1989
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[email protected] can you copy, edit and redistribute Not for Commercially Printable Media
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Knowledgebridge Magazine
Vol:1, No.4 October 2009
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Ubuntu taMumif; ar;xm;wmav;awGudk jyefajzjyxm;wm jzpfygw,f/ FAQ ykp
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Ubuntu qd k w mbmvJ /
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[email protected] can you copy, edit and redistribute Not for Commercially Printable Media
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[email protected] can you copy, edit and redistribute Not for Commercially Printable Media
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ul;,lEikd af om qdik v f yd pf mrsm;rSm -
Skyworld Internet Café
udkudk&J
Knowledgebridge Magazine
Vol:1, No.4 October 2009
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wu,fvrYkd sm; Ubuntu udk Wubi eJY wifr,fqkd &ifawmh wcsKUd tqifah wGukd ausmyf pfvu kd Nf y;D xm;cJv
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Ubuntu Installation (Normal)
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[email protected] can you copy, edit and redistribute Not for Commercially Printable Media
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rvkycf if update vkyaf y;&r,fAs/ tpDtpOfwus a&;&r,fq&kd if sudo apt-get updaten Ny;D rS sudo apt-get install software-
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root user ayghAsm/ sudo Command ok;H Ny;D &if olu Password awmif;rSmyg/ Software-name ae&mrSm ud, k w f ifcsiwf hJ Software
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udkudk&J
(Editor)
Knowledgebridge Magazine
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www.knowledgebridge.net
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