Part A

RADIO SPECIFICATION
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Radio Specification

CONTENTS

1 Scope ..................................................................................................18
2 Frequency Bands and Channel Arrangement .................................19
3 Transmitter Characteristics...............................................................20
3.1 Modulation Characteristics.........................................................21
3.2 Spurious Emissions....................................................................21
3.2.1 In-band Spurious Emission ...........................................22
3.2.2 Out-of-Band Spurious Emission ....................................22
3.3 Radio Frequency Tolerance .......................................................23
4 Receiver Characteristics ...................................................................24
4.1 Actual Sensitivity Level ..............................................................24
4.2 Interference Performance ..........................................................24
4.3 Out-of-band Blocking .................................................................25
4.4 Intermodulation Characteristics..................................................25
4.5 Maximum Useable Level............................................................26
4.6 Spurious Emissions....................................................................26
4.7 Receiver Signal Strength Indicator (optional).............................26
4.8 Reference Interference-signal Definition....................................27
5 Appendix A .........................................................................................28
6 Appendix B ........................................................................................ 31

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Radio Specification

1 SCOPE

The Bluetooth transceiver is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. This specifica-
tion defines the requirements for a Bluetooth transceiver operating in this unli-
censed band.

Requirements are defined for two reasons:

• Provide compatibility between the radios used in the system
• Define the quality of the system

The Bluetooth transceiver shall fulfil the stated requirements under the operating
conditions specified in Appendix A and Appendix B. The Radio parameters must
be measured according to the methods described in the RF Test Specification.
This specification is based on the established regulations for Europe, Japan and North Amer-
ica. The standard documents listed below are only for information, and are subject to change
or revision at any time.
Europe (except France and Spain):
Approval Standards: European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI
Documents: ETS 300-328, ETS 300-339
Approval Authority: National Type Approval Authorities

France:
Approval Standards: La Reglementation en France por les Equipements fonctionnant dans la
bande de frequences 2.4 GHz "RLAN-Radio Local Area Network"
Documents: SP/DGPT/ATAS/23, ETS 300-328, ETS 300-339
Approval Authority: Direction Generale des Postes et Telecommunications
Note: A new R&TTE EU Directive will be in effect by March 2000, with the consequence of
manufactures declaration of conformity and free circulation of products within the EU.

Spain:
Approval Standards: Supplemento Del Numero 164 Del Boletin Oficial Del Estado (Published
10 July 91, Revised 25 June 93)
Documents: ETS 300-328, ETS 300-339
Approval Authority: Cuadro Nacional De Atribucion De Frecuesias

Japan:
Approval Standards: Association of Radio Industries and Businesses, ARIB
Documents: RCR STD-33A
Approval Authority: Ministry of Post and Telecommunications, MPT
Note: The Japanese rules are in revision and decision on the revision will take place in Q2
1999.

North Americas:
Approval Standards: Federal Communications Commission, FCC, USA
Documents: CFR47, Part 15, Sections 15.205, 15.209, 15.247
Approval Standards: Industry Canada, IC, Canada
Documents: GL36
Approval Authority: FCC (USA), Industry Canada (Canada)

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2 FREQUENCY BANDS AND CHANNEL ARRANGEMENT

The Bluetooth system is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific
Medicine) band. Although globally available, each country has specified a set
of frequencies applicable for each country. In order to comply with each coun-
try’s regulations the transceiver must use a specified frequency-hopping algo-
rithm as specified in the Baseband Specification.

Geography Regulatory Range RF Channels

USA 2.400-2.4835 GHz f=2402+k MHz, k=0,…,78

Europe (except Spain and France) 2.400-2.4835 GHz f=2402+k MHz, k=0,…,78

Spain1) 2.445-2.475 GHz f=2449+k MHz, k=0,…,22

France1 2.4465-2.4835 GHz f=2454+k MHz, k=0,…,22

Japan2) 2.471-2.497 GHz f=2473+k MHz, k=0,…22

Table 2.1: Operating frequency bands

Note 1. A harmonisation process has been started to conform to same ISM band as rest
of Europe.
Note 2. There is a proposal from ARIB to revise the Japanese ISM band to 2400-2483.5
MHz. A decision is expected in Q2 1999.

The channel spacing is 1 MHz. In order to comply with out-of-band regulations

in each country, a guard band is used at the lower and upper band edge.

Geography Lower Guard Band Upper Guard Band

USA 2 MHz 3.5 MHz

Europe (except Spain and France) 2 MHz 3.5 MHz

Spain 4 MHz 26 MHz

France 7.5 MHz 7.5 MHz

Japan 2 MHz 2 MHz

Table 2.2: Guard Bands

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3 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS

The requirements stated in this section are given as power levels at the
antenna connector of the equipment. If the equipment does not have a connec-
tor a reference antenna with 0 dBi gain is assumed.

Due to difficulty in measurement accuracy in radiated measurements, it is pre-

ferred that systems with an integral antenna provide a temporary antenna con-
nector during type approval.

If transmitting antennas of directional gain greater than 0 dBi are used, the
applicable paragraphs in ETSI 300 328 and FCC part 15 must be compensated
for.

The equipment is classified into three power classes.

Power Maximum Nominal Minimum

Class Output Power Output Power Output Power1) Power Control

4 to +20 dBm
1 100 mW (20 dBm) N/A 1 mW (0 dBm) -302) to 0 dBm,
Optional

2 2.5 mW (4 dBm) 1 mW (0 dBm) 0.25 mW (-6 dBm) -302) to 0 dBm,

Optional

3 1 mW (0 dBm) N/A N/A -30)2 to 0 dBm,

Optional

Table 3.1: Power classes

Note 1. Minimum output power at maximum power setting.
Note 2. The lower range limit of –30 dBm is not mandatory and may be chosen according
to application needs.

A power control is required for power class 1 equipment. The power control is
used for limiting the transmitted power over 0 dBm. Power control capability
under 0 dBm is optional and could be used for optimising the power consump-
tion and overall interference level. The power steps shall form a monotonic
sequence, with a maximum step size of 8 dB and a minimum step size of 2 dB.
A class 1 equipment with a maximum transmit power of +20 must be able to
control its transmit power down to 4 dBm or less.

Equipment with power control capability optimizes the output power in a link
with LMP commands (see Link Manager Protocol). It is done by measuring
RSSI and report back if the power should be increased or decreased.

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3.1 MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS

The Modulation is GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying) with a BT=0.5.
The Modulation index must be between 0.28 and 0.35. A binary one is repre-
sented by a positive frequency deviation, and a binary zero is represented by a
negative frequency deviation. The symbol timing shall be better than ±20 ppm.

Ideal Z ero C rossing

F t+fd

M in
D eviation
Fm in
T ransm it
F requency Tim e
Ft M in
D eviation
F m in

F t+fd

Z ero C rossing E rror

Figure 3.1: Figure 3-1 Actual transmit modulation.

For each transmit channel, the minimum frequency deviation (Fmin) which cor-
responds to a 1010 sequence should be no smaller than ± 80% of the fre-
quency deviation (Ft+fd) which corresponds to a 00001111 sequence.
In addition the minimum deviation shall never be smaller than 115 kHz.

The zero crossing error is the time difference between the ideal symbol period
and the measured crossing time. This shall be less than ± 1/8 of a symbol
period.

3.2 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS

The spurious emission, in-band and out-of-band, are measured with a fre-
quency hopping transmitter hopping on a single frequency, meaning that the
synthesiser must change frequency between receive slot and transmit slot, but
always return to the same transmit frequency.

For USA the rules of the FCC parts 15.247, 15.249, 15.205 and 15.209 are
applicable regulations. For Japan, RCR STD-33 and for Europe, ETSI 300 328
are applicable regulations.

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Radio Specification

3.2.1 In-band Spurious Emission

Within the ISM band the transmitter shall pass a spectrum mask, which is given
by Table 3.2. The spectrum must comply with FCC’s 20-dB bandwidth defini-
tion stated below and should be measured accordingly. In addition to the FCC
requirement an adjacent channel power on adjacent channels with a difference
in channel number of two or greater an adjacent channel power is defined. This
adjacent channel power is defined as the sum of the measured power in a
1 MHz channel. The transmitted power shall be measured in a 100 kHz band-
width using maximum hold. The transmitter is transmitting on channel M and
the adjacent channel power is measured on channel number N. The transmit-
ter is sending a pseudo random data pattern throughout the test.

Frequency offset Transmit Power

± 550 kHz -20 dBc

|M-N| = 2 -20 dBm

|M-N| ≥ 3 -40 dBm

Table 3.2: Transmit Spectrum mask.

Note: If the output power is less than 0dBm then, wherever appropriate the FCC’s 20 dB
relative requirement is overruling the absolute adjacent channel power requirement
stated in the above table.

“In any 100 kHz bandwidth outside the frequency band in which the spread spectrum intentional radiator
is operating, the radio frequency power that is produced by the intentional radiator shall be at least 20 dB
below that in the 100 kHz bandwidth within the band that contains the highest level of the desired power,
based on either an RF conducted or a radiated measurement. Attenuation below the general limits speci-
fied in § 15.209(a) is not required. In addition, radiated emissions which fall in the restricted bands, as
defined in § 15.205(a), must also comply with the radiated emission limits specified in § 15.209(a) (see §
15.205(c)).”

FCC Part 15.247c

Exceptions in up to three bands of 1 MHz width centred on a frequency which

is an integer multiple of 1 MHz are allowed. They must however comply with an
absolute value of –20 dBm.

3.2.2 Out-of-Band Spurious Emission

The measured power should be measured in a 100 kHz bandwidth.

Frequency Band Operation mode Idle mode

30 MHz - 1 GHz -36 dBm -57 dBm
1 GHz – 12.75 GHz -30 dBm -47 dBm
1.8 GHz – 1.9 GHz -47 dBm -47 dBm
5.15 GHz – 5.3 GHz -47 dBm -47 dBm
Table 3.3: Out-of-band spurious emission requirement

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3.3 RADIO FREQUENCY TOLERANCE

The transmitted initial center frequency accuracy must be ±75 kHz from Fc.
The Initial frequency accuracy is defined as being the frequency accuracy
before any information is transmitted. Note that the frequency drift requirement
is not included in the ±75 kHz.

The transmitter center frequency drift in a packet is specified in Table 3.4. The
different packets are defined in the Baseband Specification.

Type of Packet Frequency Drift

One slot package ±25 kHz

Three slot package ±40 kHz

Five slot package ±40 kHz

Maximum drift rate1) 400 Hz/µs

Table 3.4: Frequency drift in a package

Note 1. The maximum drift rate is allowed anywhere in a
packet.

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4 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS

In order to measure the bit error rate performance; the equipment must have a
“loop back” facility. The equipment sends back the decoded information. This
facility is specified in the Test Mode Specification.

The reference sensitivity level referred to in this chapter equals to -70 dBm.

4.1 ACTUAL SENSITIVITY LEVEL

The actual sensitivity level is defined as the input level for which a raw bit error
rate (BER) of 0.1% is met. The requirement for a Bluetooth receiver is an
actual sensitivity level of –70 dBm or better. The receiver must achieve the –70
dBm sensitivity level with any Bluetooth transmitter compliant to the transmitter
specification specified in Section 3 on page 20.

4.2 INTERFERENCE PERFORMANCE

The interference performance on Co-channel and adjacent 1 MHz and 2 MHz are
measured with the wanted signal 10 dB over the reference sensitivity level. On all
other frequencies the wanted signal shall be 3 dB over the reference sensitivity
level. The interfering signal shall be Bluetooth modulated (see section 4.8 on page
27). The BER shall be ≤ 0.1 %. The signal to interference ratio shall be:

Requirement Ratio

Co-Channel interference, C/Ico-channel 11 dB1)

Adjacent (1 MHz) interference, C/I1MHz 0 dB1

Adjacent (2 MHz) interference, C/I2MHz -30 dB

Adjacent (≥3 MHz) interference, C/I≥3MHz -40 dB

Image frequency Interference2) 3), C/IImage -9 dB1

Adjacent (1 MHz) interference to in-band image frequency,

C/IImage±1MHz -20 dB1

Table 4.1: Interference performance

Note 1. These specifications are tentative and will be fixed within 18 months after the
release of the Bluetooth specification version 1.0. Implementations have to fulfill
the final specification after a 3 years convergence period starting at the release of
the Bluetooth specification version 1.0. During the convergence period, devices
need to achieve a co-channel interference resistance of +14 dB, an ACI (@1MHz)
resistance of +4 dB, Image frequency interference resistance of –6 dB and an ACI
to in-band image frequency resistance of –16 dB.
Note 2. In-band image frequency
Note 3. If the image frequency ≠ n*1 MHz, than the image reference frequency is defined
as the closest n*1 MHz frequency.

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These specifications are only to be tested at nominal temperature conditions

with a receiver hopping on one frequency, meaning that the synthesiser must
change frequency between receive slot and transmit slot, but always return to
the same receive frequency.

Frequencies where the requirements are not met are called spurious response
frequencies. Five spurious response frequencies are allowed at frequencies
with a distance of ≥2 MHz from the wanted signal. On these spurious response
frequencies a relaxed interference requirement C/I = -17 dB must be met.

4.3 OUT-OF-BAND BLOCKING

The Out of band blocking is measured with the wanted signal 3 dB over the ref-
erence sensitivity level. The interfering signal shall be a continuous wave sig-
nal. The BER shall be ≤ 0.1 %. The Out of band blocking must fulfill the
following requirements:

Interfering Signal Interfering Signal Power

Frequency Level

30 MHz - 2000 MHz -10 dBm

2000 - 2400 MHz -27 dBm
2500 – 3000 MHz -27 dBm

3000 MHz – 12.75 GHz -10 dBm

Table 4.2: Out of Band blocking requirements

24 exceptions are permitted which are dependent upon the given receive chan-
nel frequency and are centred at a frequency which is an integer multiple of 1
MHz. At 19 of these spurious response frequencies a relaxed power level -50
dBm of the interferer may used to achieve a BER of 0.1% and at the remaining
5 spurious response frequencies the power level is arbitrary.

4.4 INTERMODULATION CHARACTERISTICS

The reference sensitivity performance, BER = 0.1%, shall be met under the fol-
lowing conditions.
• The wanted signal at frequency f0 with a power level 6 dB over the reference
sensitivity level.
• A static sine wave signal at f1 with a power level of –39 dBm
• A Bluetooth modulated signal (see Section 4.8 on page 27) at f2 with a
power level of -39 dBm
Such that f0=2f1-f2 and  f2-f1 =n*1 MHz where n can be 3, 4, or 5. The system
must fulfil one of the three alternatives.

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4.5 MAXIMUM USEABLE LEVEL

The maximum useable input level the receiver shall operate at shall be better than
–20 dBm. The BER shall be less or equal to 0,1% at –20* dBm input power.

4.6 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS

The spurious emission for a Bluetooth receiver shall not be more than:

Frequency Band Requirement

30 MHz - 1 GHz -57 dBm

1 GHz – 12.75 GHz -47 dBm

Table 4.3: Out-of-band spurious emission

The measured power should be measured in a 100 kHz bandwidth.

4.7 RECEIVER SIGNAL STRENGTH INDICATOR (OPTIONAL)

A transceivers that wishes to take part in a power controlled link must be able
to measure its own receiver signal strength and determine if the transmitter on
the other side of the link should increase or decrease its output power level. A
Receiver Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) makes this possible.

The way the power control is specified is to have a golden receive power. This
golden receive power is defined as a range with a low limit and a high limit. The
RSSI must have a minimum dynamic range equal to this range. The RSSI must
have an absolute accuracy of ±4dB or better when the receive signal power is
–60 dBm. In addition a minimum range of 20±6 dB, starting from –60 dB and
up, must be covered (see Figure 4.1 on page 26).

High limit

20±6dB

-60dBm±4 Low limit

Figure 4.1: RSSI dynamic range and accuracy

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4.8 REFERENCE INTERFERENCE-SIGNAL DEFINITION

A Bluetooth modulated interfering signal is defined as:
Modulation = GFSK
Modulation index = 0.32±1%
BT= 0.5±1%
Bit Rate = 1 Mbps ±1 ppm
Modulating Data = PRBS9
Frequency accuracy better than ±1 ppm.

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5 Appendix A

5.1 NOMINAL TEST CONDITIONS (NTC)

5.1.1 Nominal temperature

The nominal temperature conditions for tests shall be +15 to +35 oC. When it is
impractical to carry out the test under this condition, a note to this effect, stating
the ambient temperature shall be recorded. The actual value during the test
shall be recorded in the test report.

5.1.2 Nominal Power source

5.1.2.1 Mains Voltage

The nominal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be
the nominal mains voltage. The nominal voltage shall be declared voltage or
any of the declared voltages for which the equipment was designed. The fre-
quency of the test power source corresponding to the AC mains shall be within
2% of the nominal frequency.

5.1.2.2 Lead-acid battery power sources used on vehicles

When radio equipment is intended for operation from usual, alternator fed lead-
acid battery power sources used on vehicles, then the nominal test voltage
shall be 1,1 times the nominal voltage of the battery (6V, 12V, etc.).

5.1.2.3 Other power sources

For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or second-
ary), the nominal test voltage shall be as declared be the equipment manufac-
turer. This shall be recorded in the test report.

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5.2 EXTREME TEST CONDITIONS

5.2.1 Extreme temperatures

The extreme temperature range is defined as the largest temperature range

given by the combination of:
• · The minimum temperature range 0 °C to +35 °C
• · The product operating temperature range declared by the manufacturer.

This extreme temperature range and the declared operating temperature range
shall be recorded in the test report.

5.2.2 Extreme power source voltages

Tests at extreme power source voltages specified below are not required when
the equipment under test is designed for operation as part of and powered by
another system ot piece of equipment. Where this is the case, the limit values
of the host system or host equipment shall apply. The appropriate limit values
shall be declared by the manufacturer and recorded in the test report.

5.2.2.1 Mains voltage

The extreme test voltage for equipment to be connected to an AC mains

source shall be the nominal mains voltage ±10%.

5.2.2.2 Lead-acid battery power source used on vehicles

When radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual type of alterna-
tor fed lead-acid battery power source used on vehicles, then extreme test volt-
age shall be 1.3 and 0.9 times the nominal voltage of the battery (6V, 12V etc.)

5.2.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries

The lower extreme test voltage for equipment with power sources using the fol-
lowing types of battery, shall be
a) for Leclanché or lithium type battery : 0.85 times times the nominal
voltage of the battery
b) for the mercury or nickel-cadmium types of battery: 0.9 times the
nominal voltage of the battery.

In both cases, the upper extreme test voltage shall be 1.15 times the nominal
voltage of the battery.

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5.2.2.4 Other power sources

For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a
variety of power sources (primary or secondary), the extreme test voltages
shall be those declared by the manufacturer; these shall be recorded in the test
report.

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6 Appendix B

The Radio parameters shall be tested in the following conditions

Parameter Temperature Power source

Output Power ETC ETC

Power control NTC NTC

Modulation index ETC ETC

Initial Carrier Frequency accuracy ETC ETC

Carrier Frequency drift ETC ETC

In-band spurious emissions ETC ETC

Out-of-band Spurious Emissions ETC ETC

Sensitivity ETC ETC

Interference Performance NTC NTC

Intermodulation Characteristics NTC NTC

Out-of-band blocking NTC NTC

Maximum Useable Level NTC NTC

Receiver Signal Strength Indicator NTC NTC

ETC = Extreme Test Conditions

NTC = Nominal Test Conditions

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32 24 July 1999 Appendix B