40

30
20
1-2: TYPES OF FUNCTIONS 10
 Define: relation – any set of ordered pairs
0
 Define: function – a set of ordered pairs for which each -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
value of the independent variable in the domain has only
one corresponding dependant variable in the range y = x^2 y = (x/2)^2
 y is the same as f(x), where you substitute a value for x  y = (x/2)^2 is the same as y = (.5x)^2
 f ( x )=x 2 +5 x+ 3  outside the parentheses = dilating the y-values =
 substitute 4 in for x vertical dilation
 example:
 f ( 4 ) =4 2+ 5 ( 4 ) +3=39
y = x^2 y*2 y = 2 * x^2
 Types of functions
x y   x y
 polynomial function – -6 36 --> -6 72
f ( x )=an x n +a n−1 x n−1+ …+a 1 x+ a0 +¿¿ -4 16 --> -4 32
-2 4 --> -2 8
 quadratic function – f ( x )=a x 2 +bx +c 0 0 --> 0 0
 linear function – f ( x )=ax+ b 2 4 --> 2 8
4 16 --> 4 32
 direct variation function – f ( x )=ax
6 36 --> 6 72
 power function – f ( x )=a x b  multiply all the y-values by 2 because the graph is
being vertically dilated by 2, which means that the y-
 exponential function – a ∙ bx values are being magnified by 2
a 80
 inverse variation function – f ( x )=
x 60
 Restricted domains
 enter in graph – (function) / (domain)
40
1-3: DILATION AND TRANSLATION OF FUNCTION GRAPHS 20
 Dilations
0
 stretch or shrink original function -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
 multiply or divide
y = x^2 y = 2 (x)^2
 inside the parentheses = dilating the x-values =
horizontal dilation  Translations
 divide by the dilation number instead of multiplying  add or subtract
 example:  inside the parentheses = translating the x-values =
horizontal dilation
y = x^2 x*2 y = (x/2)^2
 subtract to go right and add to go left
x y   x y
-6 36 --> -12 36  ex: (x-4)^2 = move the graph 4 units to the right
-4 16 --> -8 16 and (x+4)^2 = move the graph 4 units to the left
-2 4 --> -4 4  outside the parentheses = translating the y-values =
0 0 --> 0 0 vertical dilation
2 4 --> 4 4  ex: x^2 + 4 = move the graph up 4 units and x^2 –
4 16 --> 8 16 4 = move the graph down 4 units
6 36 --> 12 36 1-4: COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS
 divide all the x-values by 2 because the graph is  So basically you have a function, and then you decide that
being horizontally dilated by 2, which means that the you want to do something to it.
x-values are being magnified by 2  f(x) is the function, g(x) is what you do to it, and g(f(x))
is the result!
 Composite functions from graphs
 find the value (output) of the inside function (input) for
f(x)
 use this output as the input for g(x)
 find all values and put them in a table
  Composite functions from tables
 make a table with the headings x, f(x), g(x)
 find all values for x (try using about 6 numbers: 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6) for f(x) and g(x)
 then, to find f(g(x)), first plug in the x-column value into
the inside function (g(x))
 next, use the output from above as the input for the
outside function (f(x)) by finding the corresponding
value in the x-column and that value’s corresponding
value in the f(x) column
 then continue doing that for all the values
 Composite functions from equations
 pretty much just plug in the values
 Domain and range of a composite function
 the inside function isn’t always in the domain of the
outside function
 make a table and find all the values then go back and
see which values are not in the domain
 compare the domain that you found with the domains of
both functions to find the domain of the composite
function
1-5: INVERSE OF A FUNCTION
 General rule = switch the x- and y-values
 A function and its inverse should reflect along the line y=x
 A function is invertible, or one-to-one, if its inverse is also a
function
1-6: REFLECTIONS, ABSOLUTE VALUES, AND OTHER
TRANSFORMATIONS
 Reflections
 reflect about the x-axis = switch signs of y-values
 same as a vertical dilation of -1
 reflect about the y-axis = switch signs of x-values
 same as a horizontal dilation of -1
 Absolute value transformations
 the transformation g(x) = |f(x)|
 reflects f across the x-axis if f(x) is negative
 leaves f unchanged if f(x) is not negative
 everything becomes positive
 The transformation of g(x) = f(|x|)
 leaves f unchanged if f is not negative
 reflects the part of the graph for positive values of x
to the corresponding negative values of x
 eliminates the part of f for negative values of x
 symmetric about the y-axis
 basically takes whatever is on the right side and
reflects it across the y-axis
 Even functions and odd functions
 Even functions
 f(-x) = f(x)
 plug in opposite x-values and get same y-values
 Odd functions
 -f(x) = f(-x)
 plug in opposite x-values and get opposite y-values