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Insertion Sort

The document discusses insertion sort, a sorting algorithm where each element is inserted into the sorted portion of the array. It provides pseudocode for the algorithm, simulates running insertion sort on sample data, and analyzes the time complexity. The time complexity is O(n^2) as the outer loop runs n-1 times and the inner loop runs from 1 to n-1 times in the worst case, resulting in a summation of (n^2 - n)/2 operations.

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Akif Vohra
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136 views

Insertion Sort

The document discusses insertion sort, a sorting algorithm where each element is inserted into the sorted portion of the array. It provides pseudocode for the algorithm, simulates running insertion sort on sample data, and analyzes the time complexity. The time complexity is O(n^2) as the outer loop runs n-1 times and the inner loop runs from 1 to n-1 times in the worst case, resulting in a summation of (n^2 - n)/2 operations.

Uploaded by

Akif Vohra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA

STRUCTURES

MAHESH GOYANI
MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH CENTER
[email protected]

(C) GOYANI MAHESH 1


INSERTION
SORT

(C) GOYANI MAHESH 2


TERMINOLOGY

 In plain English: for each element starting with the second, “pull”
the element, then look at all earlier elements and shift larger ones
to the right, then insert the element

 In pseudo code:
for each element from second to last
save the element
for each earlier element that is larger
shift it right
insert current element

(C) GOYANI MAHESH 3


45312

(C) GOYANI MAHESH 4


45312

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45312

4 512

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45312

4 512

4512

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45312

4 512

4512

34512

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45312 34512

4 512

4512

34512

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45312 34512

4 512 34 52

4512

34512

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45312 34512

4 512 34 52

4512 3 452

34512

(C) GOYANI MAHESH 11


45312 34512

4 512 34 52

4512 3 452

34512 3452

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45312 34512

4 512 34 52

4512 3 452

34512 3452

13452
(C) GOYANI MAHESH 13
45312 34512 13452

4 512 34 52

4512 3 452

34512 3452

13452
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45312 34512 13452

4 512 34 52 134 5

4512 3 452

34512 3452

13452
(C) GOYANI MAHESH 15
45312 34512 13452

4 512 34 52 134 5

4512 3 452 13 45

34512 3452

13452
(C) GOYANI MAHESH 16
45312 34512 13452

4 512 34 52 134 5

4512 3 452 13 45

34512 3452 1 345

13452
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45312 34512 13452

4 512 34 52 134 5

4512 3 452 13 45

34512 3452 1 345

13452 12345
(C) GOYANI MAHESH 18
SIMMULATION

5 2 4 6 1 3
2 5 44 6 1 3
2 4 5 6 1 3
2 4 5 6 1 3
1 2 4 5 6 3
1 2 3 4 5 6
Done!

(C) GOYANI MAHESH 19


SIMMULATION

sorted next to be inserted


3 4 7 12 14 14 20 21 33 38 10 55 9 23 28 16
temp
less than 10 10
3 4 7 10 12 14 20
12 14 14 21 21 38
20 33 33 10
38 55 9 23 28 16

sorted

(C) GOYANI MAHESH 20


COMPLEXITY

 Analysis of the code shows that the outer loop executes n-1 times;
 for the first iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop executes
1 time
 for the second iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop
executes, in the worst case, 2 times
 etc
 for the last iteration of the outer loop, the inner loop executes ,
in the worst case, n-1 time
 thus the execution time is 1 + 2 + 3 + … + (n-2) + (n-1)
 the sum of this series is (n2 - n) / 2
 insertion sort is O(n2 )

(C) GOYANI MAHESH 21

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