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Different Types of Bacteria

Bacteria can be classified in several ways: by shape (rod, sphere, spiral), by gram strain (gram-positive, gram-negative), by oxygen requirement (aerobic, anaerobic), and by growth and reproduction (autotrophic obtain carbon from sunlight/chemical reactions, heterotrophic obtain carbon from environment). Another classification is by phyla, which is determined by morphology, DNA sequencing, environmental conditions, and biochemistry; the major phyla include Aquificae, Bacteroids, Chlorobia, and Proteobacteria. Bacteria are found in diverse environments and can be further categorized as aerobic, anaerobic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, or radiation-resistant.

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213 views2 pages

Different Types of Bacteria

Bacteria can be classified in several ways: by shape (rod, sphere, spiral), by gram strain (gram-positive, gram-negative), by oxygen requirement (aerobic, anaerobic), and by growth and reproduction (autotrophic obtain carbon from sunlight/chemical reactions, heterotrophic obtain carbon from environment). Another classification is by phyla, which is determined by morphology, DNA sequencing, environmental conditions, and biochemistry; the major phyla include Aquificae, Bacteroids, Chlorobia, and Proteobacteria. Bacteria are found in diverse environments and can be further categorized as aerobic, anaerobic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, or radiation-resistant.

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jarroyoatad
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Different Types of Bacteria

Classification on the Basis of Shapes


Bacteria are usually classified on the basis of their shapes. Broadly, they can be divided
into:

• Rod-shaped bacteria (Bacilli)


• Sphere-shaped bacteria (Cocci)
• Spiral-shaped bacteria (Spirilla)

Classification on the Basis of Gram Strain


This classification is based on the results of Gram Staining Method, in which an agent is
used to bind to the cell wall of the bacteria.

• Gram-positive
• Gram-negative

Classification on the Basis of Oxygen Requirement


This classification is based on the requirement of oxygen for the survival of the
bacterium.

• Aerobic (Need Oxygen)


• Anaerobic (Do not need Oxygen)

Classification on the Basis of Growth and Reproduction


This classification is based on the growth and reproduction aspects of bacteria.

• Autotrophic Bacteria (Obtain carob and/or sugar from sunlight or chemical


reactions)
• Heterotrophic Bacteria (Obtain carob and/or sugar from the environment)

Classification on the Basis of Phyla


This classification is based on the phyla, determined through morphology, DNA
sequencing, conditions required and biochemistry.

• Aquificae
• Bacteroids
• Chlorobia
• Chrysogenetic
• Cyanobacteria
• Fibrobacter
• Firmicutes
• Flavobacteria
• Fusobacteria
• Planctomycetes
• Proteobacteria
• Spirochaetes
• Thermomicrobia

Each phylum can be further related to a number of species and genera of bacteria. The
classification of bacteria basically includes those bacteria which are found in diverse
environments, such as sweet water, ocean (like in sulfur water spring bacteria) extreme
cold (like bacteria found in the ice of Antarctica), highly acidic environment, and highly
alkaline environment. Then, we have aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, autotrophic
bacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, and bacteria that can endure high radiation. Each type of
bacteria has its separate characteristics.

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