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MTNL Power Point Presentation - 3

MTNL is a telecom company incorporated in 1986 with the aims of upgrading telecom services and expanding telecom networks. It has over 700 exchanges in Mumbai and Delhi serving over 1.2 crore telephone connections. Optical fibers carry light along their length using the principle of total internal reflection, allowing communication over long distances with high bandwidth and resistance to external noise. Fiber optics are used widely in MTNL's networks and services like IPTV due to their benefits of low cost, high security, and ability to carry large amounts of data over long distances.

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Varun Sachdeva
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117 views

MTNL Power Point Presentation - 3

MTNL is a telecom company incorporated in 1986 with the aims of upgrading telecom services and expanding telecom networks. It has over 700 exchanges in Mumbai and Delhi serving over 1.2 crore telephone connections. Optical fibers carry light along their length using the principle of total internal reflection, allowing communication over long distances with high bandwidth and resistance to external noise. Fiber optics are used widely in MTNL's networks and services like IPTV due to their benefits of low cost, high security, and ability to carry large amounts of data over long distances.

Uploaded by

Varun Sachdeva
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAHANAGAR TELEPHONE NIGAM LTD.

HARI NAGAR NEW DELHI

AMAN ARORA
ECE, Vth sem,
083015
1. Incorporated on the 28th Feb., 1986.

2. AIM

a. To upgrade the quality of telecom services

b. To expand telecom

3. Has more than 700 exchanges in Mumbai and Delhi.

4.more than 1.2 crores telephone connections.


HOW A CALL IS MADE?
DP
PILLAR
MDF or
CABINET DP

SM

C
C
C
C

OFC
AT OFC MEDIA
OFC SM
BCP AT AT
KBN KBN

MDF

PILLAR/
CABINET

DP
It is a glass or plastic fiber that carries light along
its length.
These glasses have a refractive index of about 1.5.
SINGLE MODE MULTI-MODE
FIBRE FIBRE

a. Carries only a single a. Multiple rays of light can


ray of light. travel through it.
SPEED MAINTENANCE

BANDWIDTH

DISTANCE

RESISTANCE (to external noise)


PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNICATION

Works on the principal of TOTAL INTERNAL


REFLECTION.

When light traveling in a dense medium hits a


boundary at a steep angle (larger than the
"critical angle" for the boundary), the light will
be completely reflected.
Light travels along the fibre bouncing back
and forth off of the boundary.
NEHRU
PLACE
exchange

ROHINI KAROL BAGH


exchange exchange

RAJOURI
HAUZ KHAS
GARDEN
exchange
exchange
Used in fibre optics to measure the time and
intensity of the light reflected on an optical fiber.

Used as a troubleshooting
device to find faults, splices
and bends in fibre optic cables.
Splicing
It is joining of two fibres together
to form a continuous optical
waveguide.

Types of splicing

(a) Arc fusion

.Automatically perform the fusion work after you


put the two fibers ready in the machine.
Optical Fiber
Fusion.WMV

# Melts the fiber ends together with an electric arc.

# Can also be used as optical attenuators.


Mechanical splicing

.That uses a small,


mechanical splice
permanently joins the two
optical fibers.

.Connection loss is
more as compared to
arc fusion.
It is a device which converts light power to a
measurable current or voltage that is proportional
to the optical input.
Applications
• Sensors
# Intrinsic sensors

(strain,
temperature, pressure)

# Extrinsic sensors

(Remote sensors)
Lowering the cost of business

It has found great application in MTNL’S new


IPTV( Internet protocol television)

Remote signal interception makes fiber


attractive to governmental bodies, banks, and
others with security concerns.

Radio over fiber


Long distance signal transmission .

Large bandwidth, light weight, and small


diameter.

Non-conductivity .

Long lengths

Security .

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