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Fabrication Processes: Cold Working Hot Working Castings Powder Metallurgy Machining Joining/Welding

Cold Working - Effects Stresses set up in the metals Grain structure distorted or fragmented Strength and hardness increased, ductility reduced. Recrystalline temperature increase Surface finish improves Close dimensional tolerances can be maintained.

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Venai Seelochan
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83 views41 pages

Fabrication Processes: Cold Working Hot Working Castings Powder Metallurgy Machining Joining/Welding

Cold Working - Effects Stresses set up in the metals Grain structure distorted or fragmented Strength and hardness increased, ductility reduced. Recrystalline temperature increase Surface finish improves Close dimensional tolerances can be maintained.

Uploaded by

Venai Seelochan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fabrication Processes

Cold Working
Hot Working
Castings
Powder Metallurgy
Machining
Joining/Welding
F i g u r e 1 1 .6
C l a s s i f ic a t io n S c h e m e o f M e t a l F a b r ic a t i o n T e c h n i q u e s

M e t a l F a b r i c a t io n T e c h n iq u e s

F o r m in g O p e r a t i o n s C a s tin g M is c e ll a n e o u s

F o r g in g R o ll i n g E x t r u s io n D r a w in g Sand D ie I n v e s t m e n t C o n t in u o u s P ow der W e ld in g
M e t a l lu r g y
Cold Working - Effects
Stresses set up in the metals
Grain structure distorted or fragmented
Strength and hardness increased, ductility
reduced.
Recrystalline temperature increase
Surface finish improves
Close dimensional tolerances can be
maintained.
Cold Working Processes
Cold Rolling
Drawing
Tube Drawing
Pressing
Deep Drawing
Stretch Forming
Coining & Embossing
Spinning
Swaging and Cold Forging
Impact Extrusion
Shot Peening
Hot Working Processes

Hand forging and machine forging


Drop forging
Hot Pressing/Press Forging
Upset Forging
Heading
Roll Forging
Hot Rolling
Extrusion
Hot Working Effects
Porosity eliminated

Impurities/inclusions distributed through metal

Coarse or columnar grains refined

Physical properties improve

Less energy required than for cold working


Casting/Solidification
Homogeneous Nucleation

Heterogeneous Nucleation

Volume Change
Cooling Rates
Slow Cooling Rate:
(Low Temperature Driving Force:
- Few Nuclei Formed
- Large Final Crystals/Grains

Rapid Cooling Rate:


- Many Nuclei Formed
- Small Final Grains
Casting Zones

Chill Zone

Columnar Zone

Equiaxed Zone
Casting Problems
Shrinkage
Porosity
Cracking
Segregation
Casting Processes
Sand Casting
Die Casting
Investment Casting
Shell Moulding
Full Mould Casting
Centrifugal Casting
Continuous Casting Process
Tube/Pipe Manufacture
Tube Drawing
Rolling
Extrusion
Mannesmann Process
Pilger Process

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