Inverse Trigonometric Function Domain Range

y  cos −1 x −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 0≤y≤
y  sin −1 x −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 − 2 ≤ y ≤ 
2
y  tan −1 x all reals − 2  y  
2

y  sec −1 x x ≤ −1; x ≥ 1 0 ≤ y ≤ ; y ≠ 2
y  csc −1 x x ≤ −1; x ≥ 1 − 2 ≤ y ≤ 
2
;y ≠ 0
y  cot −1 x all reals 0y

d
dx
cos −1 x  − 1 d
dx
cos −1 u  − 1 du
dx
1−x 2 1−u 2
d
dx
sin −1 x  1 d
dx
sin −1 u  1 du
dx
1−x 2 1−u 2
d
dx
tan −1 x  1
1x 2
d
dx
tan −1 u  1 du
1u 2 dx
d
dx
sec −1 x  1 d
dx
sec −1 u  1 du
x x 2 −1 u u −1 dx
2

d
dx
csc −1 x  − 1 d
dx
csc −1 u  − 1 du
dx
x x 2 −1 u u 2 −1
d
dx
cot −1 x  − 1x
1
2
d
dx
cot −1 u  − 1u
1
2
du
dx

cos −1 x  k   − 1
dx d
dx
cos −1 u   − 1 du
dx
1−x 2 1−u 2

sin −1 x  k   1
dx d
dx
sin −1 u   1 du
dx
1−x 2 1−u 2

tan −1 x  k   1
1x 2
dx d
dx
tan −1 u   1
2
du
1u dx

sec −1 x  k   1
dx d
dx
sec −1 u   1 du
dx
x x 2 −1 u u 2 −1

csc −1 x  k   − 1
dx d
dx
csc −1 u  − 1 du
dx
x x 2 −1 u u 2 −1

cot −1 x  k   − 1x
1
2 dx
d
dx
cot −1 u  − 1u
1
2
du
dx
Graphs of the Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 Facts about Inverse Functions
For f a one-to-one function and f–1 its inverse:

1. If (a, b) is an element of f, then (b, a) is an element of f–1, and conversely.

2. Range of f = Domain of f–1

Domain of f = Range of f–1
3. DOMAIN f RANGE f 4. If x = f–1(y), then y = f(x) for y in the
f domain of f–1 and x in the domain
x f ( x)
of f, and conversely.
y
f –1( y ) y

f –1
y = f (x)
RANGE f –1 DOMAIN f –1

x
5. f[f–1(y)] = y for y in the domain of f–1 x = f –1( y)
f–1[f(x)] = x for x in the domain of f

6-9-74
 Inverse Sine Function
y

– π
1
2
x
π
–1 2

Sine function y
y = sin –1 x
y
= arcsin x ⎛1 , π ⎞
y = sin x π ⎝ 2⎠
⎛π , 1 ⎞
2
π 1 ⎝2 ⎠
– (0,0)
2 (0,0) x
x –1 1
π
⎛ – π , –1 ⎞
⎛ –1 , – π ⎞
–1 2 π
⎝ 2 ⎠ –
⎝ 2⎠ 2

π π
⎡
DOMAIN = ⎢– 2 , 2 ⎥
⎤
DOMAIN = [–1, 1]
⎣ ⎦
R ANGE = ⎢– 2 , 2 ⎥
⎡ π π⎤
RANGE = [–1, 1] ⎣ ⎦
Restricted sine function Inverse sine function
6-9-75
 Inverse Cosine Function
y

1
x
π
–1

Cosine function y
y = cos –1 x
y
= arccos x
y = cos x
(0,1)
(–1, π ) π
1 ⎛ π ,0 ⎞
⎝2 ⎠ ⎛0 , π ⎞
π ⎝ 2⎠
x
0 π 2
π
–1 2 (1,0)
( π , –1) x
–1 0 1
DOMAIN = [0, π ] DOMAIN = [–1, 1]
RANGE = [–1, 1] RANGE = [0, π ]
Restricted cosine function Inverse cosine function

6-9-76
 Inverse Tangent Function
y
y = tan x

π 3π
Tangent function
1
2 2
x
3π π
– – –1
2 2
y
y
y = tan –1x
π ⎛1 , π ⎞
y = tan x = arctan x
2 ⎝ 4⎠
π 1 ⎛π , 1 ⎞
– ⎝4 ⎠ –1
2
x x
π 1
⎛ – π , –1 ⎞ –1
⎝ 4 ⎠ 2
⎛ –1 , – π ⎞ – π
⎝ 4⎠ 2

⎛ π π⎞ DOMAIN = (–∞ , ∞ )
DOMAIN = ⎜– 2 , 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎛ π π⎞
RANGE = ⎜– 2 , 2 ⎟
RANGE = (–∞ ,∞) ⎝ ⎠
Restricted tangent function Inverse tangent function
6-9-77