Strength of Materials:

Lecture 1

1-Refrences:

• Introduction to Mechanics of Solid, By: E. Popov

• Elements of Strength of Materials, By: Timishinko
• Strength of Materials, By: Singer

2-Units:

British Metric S.I.

1. Force Ib, kip, Ton g, kg, N, kN

1 kip = 1000 Ib 1 kg = 1000 g 1 kN = 1000 N

1 ton = 2240 Ib Ton = 1000 kg 1 kg = 10 N

2. Long in, ft m, cm, mm m, cm, mm

1 f = 12 in 1 m = 100 cm 1 m = 100 cm
1 cm = 10 mm 1 cm = 10 mm
1 m =1000 mm 1 m =1000 mm
1 in = 2.54 cm 1 in = 2.54 cm

N
3. Stress psi, ksi Pa ( ), MPa, GPa
mm 2
p kip
,
in 2 in 2

1
MPa = 106 Pa = 106 N/mm2 ×
mm 2
1000 2
m2
N
MPa =
mm 2
1 N 1
GPa = 109 Pa = 109 N/mm2 × 2
= 103 ×
mm mm 2 N
1000 2 1000
m2 kN
GPa = kN/mm2

1
3-Supports Reactions:

1-One Reaction Supports (Roller Supports):

Signs used to represent the ROLLER support

The Roller or a Link is capable of

resisting a force in only one specific
line of action.

One Reaction Supports (Link Supports)

RA
RA

2
2-Two Reaction Supports (Hinge Supports):

Signs used to represent the HING support

A Pinned support is capable of resisting a force, the

reaction at such a support may have two components
one in the horizontal and one in the vertical direction.

Two Reaction Supports (2-Link Supports)

Link

Rx
Link

Ry

3-Three Reaction Supports (Fixed Supports):

The third support is a Fixed support,

Three forces can exist at such support
Two components of forces and
a moment, the physical such a suport
is obtained by building a beam into
a brick wall

3
Ex1:

10 kN 10 kN M 10 kN 10 kN

R3

2m 3m 4m
R2 9m R1

R1 + R2 + R3 + M = 4 UKNOWNS > 3 EQUATIONS THEN (Intermediate)

Ex2:

M =0 10 kN 10 kN Ry = 10-10
20 kN
Ry = 0

Rx =0 Rx = 0

M = 20 + 10×3 -10×5
M=0
1.5 m 1.5 m 2m
Ry =0

4-Classification of Beams:

1) Simple Beam

2) Cantilever Beam

4
3) Simple Beam with Overhanging OR "Overhanging Beam"

4) Compound Beam

Moment at (Internal Hinge) = ZERO

M=0

R7

R3 R3 R4
R1 R2 R4
5) Indeterminate Beam R5 R6

5
3 1 4>3 3 3 6>3

Note: The number of equations for a

suppose structure at the x-y plane are
5>3
(3) equations.
2 1 1 1

∑ Fx = 0 , ∑ Fy = 0 , ∑ M@ x - axis = 0
Calculations of Beam Reactions

Ex3: 250 N 50 N 80 N

A B
RAx
∑ Fx = 0 --- (1)
RAx = 0
×1.25 m 1.25 m 1.25 m 1.25 m
+ ∑ M@A = 0 --- (2) RAy RBy

250 + 80 × 2.5 + 80 × 3.75 – RB × 5 = 0

∴ RBy = +135 N
RAy

∑ Fy = 0 --- (3)

RAy = -5 N RAy = 5 N