GATE: 1998

EE : Electrical Engineering

Ti"I!Alfowed: J HOIns

Maxill,um MlJrks: 150

SECTION-A (lI){)MARKS)

Answer all question from this section,

EEl. In each of sub question (I.1 to 1.25) four alternatives A, B, C and 0 are provided of which one is correct. Indicate in your book, at the space provided, the correct answer by writing the alphabet corresponding to the answer. (25 x I = 25)

1.1 A sinusoidal source of voltage V and frequency I is connected to a series circuit of variable resistance, R and a fixed reactance, X. The locus of the tip of the current-phasor, I, as R is varried from o to co is

(a) a semicircle with a diameter of V I X. (b) a straight line with a slope of R/X. (e) an ellipse with V /R as major axis.

(d) a circle of radius R/X and origin at (0, V /2).

1.2 A circuit with a resistor, inductor and capacitor in series is resonant of 10 Hz. If all the component values are now doubled, the new resonant frequency is

(a) 2/0 (e) fo /4

(b) still 10 (d) fo 12

1.3 In the circuit shown in Figure, it is desired to have a constant direct current i(t) through the ideal inductor L The nature of the voltage source (>(1) must be

itt)

",,0,

(a) constant voltage

(b) linearly increasing voltage (c) an ideal impulse

(II) exponentially increasing voltage

1.4 The reflection coefficient for the transmission line shown in Fig1.ITe at P is

l,,=JOOiI

10 = SLPgi!( Impedance 3000

toad 3000

(n) + I (e) 0

(1)) -1 (d) 0.5

1.5 The laws of electromagnetic induction (Faraday's and Lenz's law) are summarized in the following equation

di (b) e" L <II

<l1JI (e) e=--

"I

(d) none of these

1.6 A synchronous generator connected 10 an infinite bus is overexcited. Considering only the reactive power, from the point of view of the system, the machine acts as

(II) a capacitor (c) a resistor

(b) an inductor (d) none of these

1.7 A 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor has a full load efficiency of 0.8 and a maximum efficiency of 0.9. It is operated at a slip of 0.6 by applyiIlg a reduced voltage. The efficiency of the motor at this opera ling point is

(II) less than 0.4

(1)) greater than 0.6

(L) in the range of 0.8 ± 0,1 (d) none of the above

1_8 The efficiency of a 100 KVA transformer is 0.98 at full as well as at half load. For this transformer at full load the copper loss.

(n) is less than COre loss

(b) is equal to core loss

(e) is more than COre loss

(d) none of the above

1.9 The magnetising current in a transformer is rich in

(a) 3rd harmonic (e) 7th harmonic

(b) 5th harmonic (d) 13th harmonic

1.10 Series capacitive compensation in EHV transmission lines is used to

(n) reduce the line loading

(b) improve the stability of the system (,-) reduce the voltage profite

(d) improve the protection of the line

1.11 Bulk. power transmission over long HVOC lines are preferred, on account of

(a) low cost of HVOC terminals (b) no harmonic porblems

(c) minimum line power losses (d) simple protection

The output of a linear time invariant control systme is c(t) for a certain input ret). If ret) is modified by passing it through a block whose transfer function is e-S and then applied to the systme, the modified output of the system would be

1.12

c(t) (a) 1 + 1.'1

(c) e(t -1) u(t -1)

e(t) (b) l+e-I

(d) crt) u(t - 1)

1.13 None of the poles of a lonear control system lie in the right half of s-plane, For a bounded input the output of this system

(11) is always bounded

(b) could be unbounded

(cl always tends to zero

(d) none of the above

LIt The phase lead compensation is used to

(a) increase rise time and decrease overshoot (b) decrease both rise time and overshoot

(e) increase both rise time and overshoot

Cd) decrease rise time and increase overshoot

1.15

A set of linear equations is represented by the matrix eq~latlOn Ax =- b. The necessary ConditiOn for the existence 01 a solution lor this system is (n) A must be invertible

(b) b must be linearly depended On the columns olA

(e) b mut be linearly independent 01 the columns olA

(d) none of the above

1.16 The vector Ul is an eigen vector of
[-' 2 -']
A= 2 1 -~ . One of the eigen values of A is
-1 -2
(a) 1 (b) 2
(el 5 (d) -1
Aol: 0 0 -1j
1 0 o .
1.17 ~ . The sum of the eigen values
0 3
-1 0 0 of the matrix A is (a) 10

(el 24

(b) -10 (d) 22

A d,c. voltmeter has a sensitivity of 1000 nJvolt.

When it measures half full scale in 100 V range, the current through the voltmeter is

(a) 100 mA (b) 1 rnA

(e) 0.5 rnA (d) 50 mA

1.19 A moving coil galvanometer is made into a d,c. ammeter by connecting

(a) a low resistance across the meter

(b) a high resistance in series with the meter (e) a pure inductance across the meter

(d) a capacitor in series with the meter

1.18

1.20 The open collector outputs of two 2-inputs N~ND gates are connected to a common pull up resistorIf the input to the gates are P, Q and R, 5 respectively, the output is equal to

(a) P.Q .R.S. (c) P.Q + R.S

(b) PQ +RS (d) P.Q. R.S

1.21 ln standard ITLgates the tole I

. .. ,m po e output stage

IS primarily used to

(/I) increase the noise margin I th

o e gate

(b) decrease the output switching delay (e) facilitate a wired OR logic connection

(d) increase the output impedance of the circuit

One of the applications of current mirror is (a) output current limiting

(b) obtaining a very high current gain (e) current feedback

1.22

1.23

(d) temperature stabilized biasing

The uncontrolled electronic switch employed in power electronic converters is

(/I) th yristor

(b) bipolar Junction Transistor (c) diode

(d) MOSFET

1.24 The MOSFET switch in its on-state may be considered equivalent to

(/I) resistor (b) inductor

( •. ) capacitor (d) battery

1.25 In a commutation circuit employed to tum off an SCR, satisfactroy tum-off is obtaifned when

(/I) circuit tum-off time <: device tum-off time

(b) circuit tum-off time> device tum-off time

(e) circuit time constant> device tum-off time (d) circuit time constant <: device turn-off time

EE.2. Questions 21 to 2.20 are accompanied by four answer of which one is correct. Indicate the correct answer, in the space provided in the answer book, by writing the alphabet A, B, C or D.

:u

(20 x 2 =40) For each of questions 2.21 to 2.25, three items are given on the left side and more than three on the right. For each item on the left, match a suitable answer from the items on the right {e.g. A-Q, B-S, C-n. Write your answer in the space provided in the answer book. (5 x 2 = 10)

Viewed from the terminals A, B, the following circuit shown in Figure can be reduced to an equivalent circuit of a single voltage source in series with a single resistor with the following parameters

Sv

Bo----o. J

(a) 5 volt source in series with 10 n resistor (I,) 1 volt source in series with 2.4 n resistor (e) 15 vol t source in series with 2.4 n resistor (d) 1 volt source in series with 10 n resistor

2.2 The effective inductance of the circuit across the terminals A, B in the Figure shown below is

A 4H
,r'
3H .........._ IH SH
"'-2H~
B
r;H (n) 9H (.) 11 H

(b) 21 H (d) 6H

2.3

TIle neutral of 1 0 MV A, 11 KV alternator is earthed through a resistance of 5 ohms. The earth fault relay is set to loperate at 0.75 A. The CT's have" ratio 011000/5. What percentage of the alternator winding is protected? (n) 85%

(e) 15%

(b) 88.2% (d) 11.8%

2.4

If the length of a wire of resistance R is uniformly stretched to n times its original value, its new resistance is

2.5

A cable has the following characteristics. L = 0.201 ,_,H /rn and C = 196.2 p/F I m.The velocity of wave propagation through the cable is

(n) 32 m/s (b) t59.24 "/ms

(e) 0.0:112 m/s (d) 159.24 m/s

1.6 A 50 Hz t ransformer having equal h ysteres is and eddy current losses at rated excitation is operated at 45 Hz at 90% of its rated voltage. Compared to rated operating point. the core losses under this condition;

(n) reduce by 10% (b) reduce by 19%

(e) reduce by 14.5% (d) remain unchanged

2.7 The ' C"lature of a single phase alterna tor is CUlTl; ....•• ;]y wound with T single turn coils dis(rr,;"",,,_,j uruforrnty. The induced voltage in each turr, .s 2;' (rms). The emf of the whole winding is

(a) 2 T Volt (v) 1.11 T Volt

(c) 1.414 T Volt (d) 1.273 T Volt

2.8 A 240 V d.c, shunt motor with an armature resistance of 0.5 n has a full load current of 40 A. Find the ratio of the stalling torque to the full load torque when a resistance of 1 n is connected in series with the armature ?

(a) 4 (0') 6

(b) 12

(d) none of the above

2.9 A shunt reactor of 100 MY Ar is operated at 98% of its rated voltage and at 96% of its rated frequency. The reactive power absorbed by the reactor is;

(a) 98 MVAr

(e) %.04 MVAr

(b) 104.02 MVAr (d) 100.04 MV Ar

2.10

A power station consists of two sychronous generators A and B of ratings 250 MVA and 500 MV A with inertia 1.6 p.ll. and I p.u., respectively on their own base MVA ratings. The equivalaent p.u, inertia constant for the system on 100 MVA common base is

(<1) 2.6 (e) 1.625

(11) 0.615 (d) 9.0

2.11 fur the network shown in Figure the zero sequence reactances in p.u. are indicated. The zero sequence driving point reactance of the node 3 is

(a) 0.12 (e) 0.10

(u) 0.30 (d) 0.20

2.12 The Laplace transform of (12 - 2t) u(t -1) i5

2 •• 2 .,

(n) s3 e -~e

(01) none of the above

2.13 For block diagram shown in Figure C(s)/R(s) is given by

(a) G1G2G)
1 + H,G,G) + H1G1G2
(b) G]G,G)
1+G1G,G)H1H2
(e) GtG2GJ
1 + G1G2G,H1 +G1G2G3H2
(d) G1G2G~
1+G1G,G3H1 2.14

The number of roots on the equation

2s4 + S3 + 3S2 + 5S + 7 '" 0 that lie in the right hall of S plane is ; (a) Zero

(e) Two

(b:) One (d) Three

2.15

u 0 -:] [: 0 :]
(a) 1 1
(b) --
3 3
0 0
1 :1 1 1
- 0 - 0
5 5 2
1 0 1 0
(0') 0 - (d)
3 3
1 0 1
0
2 2
. " 'i~~ I .
" 2.16 The value of 1(~ )dX computed using Simpson's

1

rule with a step size of /1 = 0.25 is

(a) 0.69430 (b) 0.69385

(e) 0.69325 (d) 0.69415

Figure shows the input attenuator of a multirneter. The meter reads full scale with 12 V at M, with the range switch at position 'q'. What is the required voltage at M to obtain full scale deflection with the range switch at position's' ?

2.11

de probe

r-----.

M I I

10K!!

6MU

}-----oq :

I I

J,._ __ -<) , RMge

~ v-

.}-----<> :

I I

¢- __ -a :

I I

" I

9----<0 :

I ,

,

!

12Mfl

nOM)

(a) IV

(e) 120V

(b) 150 V (d) 147 V

2.18

Figure shows the electrostatic vertical deflect~on system of CRT. Given that V A is the acceleralmg voltage, the deflection sensitivity (deflection/volt) is proportional to

LL. (b) LL,VD
(al tNA dVA
LL, V (d) dL,
(c) d A LVA 2.19 When the firing angle 0 of a single phase, fuUy controlled rectifier feeding constant doc. current into a load is 30°, the displacement power factor of the rectifier is

(a) 1 (b) 0.5

1 (e) ,f3

../3

2

(d)

2.20 A3 phase, hilly controlled, converter is feeding power into ff d.c. load at a constant current of 150 A. The rrns current through each thyristor 01 the converter is

(~) 50 A 150../2 (c) ,f3

(b) 100 A 150 (d) ,f3

2.21 Measurement Instrument used

(A) Transisents (P) Signal generator

(B) Frequency (Q) Spectrum analyser

(C) Harmonic content (R) Digital storage

oscilloscope (S) Pulse counter

2.22

Test

(A)No load and Blocked rotor tes

(B) Sumpner's test (e) Swinburn's test

Machine

(P) Transformer

(Q) induction machine (R) Synchronous machine

(5) DC machine

2.23 Circuit

Function

fl"",,><e(It seeeo

(Al

v"

". (P) High-pass filter

(Q) Amplifier

.-~.-'

~,

(R) CODlpara.tor

2.24 Logic Function
(A) X."y (P) Sum
(B)XY (Q) NAND
(C) XV (R) Carry
(5) NOR 2.25 A NPN, silicon transistor is meant for low-current "l1dl'J ampf if ica hon. Match its following charecteristics against their values

Characteristics Values

{Al V EB' max (P) 0.7 V
(B) YeB, max (Q) 0.2 V
(C)VCE,sat (R) 6V
(5) SOY 3. The Switch in the following circuit, shown in Figure has been connected to the 12 V source for a long time. At t '" 0, the switch is thrown to 24 V.

(a) Determine iL (0) and V,. (0)

(1)) Write the differential equation governing V,. (I) for t > 0

(e) Compute the steady state value of V c (I)

L = 2H, R\ = lOn, ~ = zn. C = O.2SF

4. A 50 hp, 6 pole, 50 Hz slip-ring induction motor runs at 960 rpm on full load with a rotor current of40 A. Allowing 300 W for the copper loss in the short-circuiting gear and 1200 W for mechanical losses, find the resistance ~ per phase of the 3 phase rotor winding.

5. Each conductor of a 33 KV, 3 phase system is suspended by a string of three similar insulators. The ratio of shunt capacitance to mutual capacitance is 0.1. Calculate the voltage across each Insulator, and the string efficiency.

6. Find the value of 5 at the e d I h

not e exeruti

the fotlowing program on 01

segment ( .

FORTRAN CODE . gIven in

as well as C code).

FORTRAN CODE

C Function MOD (A 5) Returns th

' e value

C (A modulo B)

5=0

0011 = 1,100

IF (MOD) (1, 7) . EQ. 0) GO TO 1 IF (MOD) (1,10). EQ. 7) GO TO 1 5=5+1

CONTINUE

CCODE

5 =0;

for (i' '" 1 ; ; ., 100 ;) I

if (!U%7) go to skip;

if ((i%10) '" = 7) go to skip; 5=5+;;

Skip: i + +;

I

7. In a digital combinatorial circuit with 4 inputs (A, B, C, D), it is required to obtain an output 01 logical I only for the input combination (A = 1; B = C '" DI = OJ. It is known that the following combinations of input are forbidden:

ABeD = 1010, 1011, uoo. 1101,1110.1111 Evaluate the logical expression for the output and realise the same with two input NAND gates. Assume that complements of inputs are not available.

SECTION - B (SO MARKS)

Answer any TEN questions from this section. All questions carry equal marks. (5 )( 10'" 50)

8. A circuit consisting of II single resistor R and an inductor L in series is driven by a 25 V rms, 50 Hz sinusoidal voltage source. A capacitor is to be placed in parallel with the source to improve the power factor. Given that the average power dissipated in the R is 100 Wand that the reactive

power delivered to the Lis 75 Var. what value of C will yield a 0.9 pj. lagging as seen by the source?

9. Determine the impedance seen by the Source V s = 24 LO° in the nehvork shown in Figure.

GN' """ 1'" EJ:

'. »<>; .", '"

tI' "' rtu •

1(1. An infinite number of chasrges, each equal to 'q' are placed along the x = 1. x = 2, x = 4, x = 8, x = 16 and so on. Find the potential and electron field at point x = 0, due to these system of charges.

11. An electron moves in the X - Y plane with a speed of 106 m/s. Its velocity vector makes an angle of 60° with X axis. A magnetic field of magnitude 10-2 T exists along the Y axis. Compute the magnetic force exerted on the electron and its direction.

12.. A DC shunt generator delivers 60 KW ill 240 V and 360 rpm. The armature and field resistances are 0.015 Q and 60 n respectively. Calculate the speed of the machine running as a shunt motor and taking 60 KW inputat240V. Allow 1 volt per brush for contact drop.

13. In a 50 KVA, 11 KV /400 V transformer, the iron and copper losses are 500 Wand 600 W respectively under rated conditions. Calculate the efficiency on unity power factor at full load. Find the load for maximum efficiency and the iron and copper losses corresponding to this load.

14. For the given network in Figure obtain the bus admittance matrix (Y BUS) using the data given

Lines between nodes

Impedance p, It. charging

0.0 + ;0.05

0.0 + i 0.Q2

0,0 + j 0,02

Half of line Admittance i 1.25

;O.SO

jO.SO

ImpedanCl" 0.0,. j 2.0

1 -2 1-3 2-3

Shunt reactor at noda 1-2

15. In a power system, the fuel inputs per hour of plants 1 and 2 are given as

FI = 0,20 P12" 30 Pl· 100 F2 = 0.25 P22,. 40 P2 + 150 The lim i Is of genera tors are

20S:Pj s:80MW 40::; 1'2 ::;200 MW

Find the economic operating schedule of generation, if the laod demand is 130 MW,

l~ per hour Rs per hom

neglecting transmission losses.

16. An alternator is connected to an infinite bus as shown in Figure. It delivers 1.0 p.ll. current at 0.8 pf lagging at V = 1.0 p.u. The reactance Xd of the

Sf----~rr:;;~----i'~ v=l.Olllo ~&

alternator is 1.2 p.lI. Determine the active power output and the steady state power limit. keeping the active power fixed, if the excitation is reduced, fi nd the critical excita tion correspond ing to operation at stability limit.

17. The s t a to-space represen ta tion of a system is given by

18.

[~ I] = [-5 1] [X 1 ]

X, -6 a x2

Find the Lapace transform of the state transition matrix. Find also the value of Xl at t = 1 if Xl (0) = 1 and x2 (0) '" O.

The asymptotic magnitude Body plot of a system

. '., . d h ... sferfullCtion of the

is given in Figure.Fin t e tran .

. . kn n that the system IS

system analytically, It IS ow

minimal phase system.

19. Given the differential equation y' = x + y; y (0) = 0; find y (0.8) using Adarn-Moultcn's predictorcorrector method and using a uniform step size h = 0.2. Generate the starting values using the solutions of the equations y '" e< - (1 + x). Estimate the er.or in tlie computed value of.1f (0.8).

2.0.

A = [-: -~ -ij

-1 3 _ 2 2

Find the transformation matrix using the householder's method to tridiagonalise A.

21. A symmetrical 400 V, 3-phase supply is connected to the network shown in Figure. The phase sequence is RYB. Find the reading on the wattmeter. RJ '" 30n; X, = 50 nand X2 '" 40 a,

.,

22. A moving coil instrument, whose resistance is 5 n and whose working current (for fu il-scale deflection) is 0.015 A, is to be used, with a manganin shunt, to measure 100 A. Calculate the error caused by a 10° C rise in temperature, if the temperature coefficient of copper and manganin are 0.004 ohm/ ohm/"C, and 0.00015 ohm/ohm/ °C respectively,

23. In the Circuit of Figure Rs '" 2kQ and R '" Skn. For the Op· Amp. A '" 105. R, '" 'DO kn, and "0'" 500.

For Vo = lOV. calculatev; and Vo IV sand estimate the input resistance of the circuit,

v,

2';. Show that the circuit given in Figure will work 1

as an oscillator at f '" 2." RC' if R] '" 2.~

25. (a) Construct the truth table for the circuit given in Figure Qt' Q2 and QJ are outputs and the clock pulses are the inputs. Unused J,K inputs are assumed to be at logic 1. All flip flops are reset at power ON.

(b) Skelch· the output waveforms at o.. Q2 andQJ

(e) What function does this circuit perform.

26. In a speed controlled d.c. motor drive, the load torque is 40 Nm. At time t = 0, the operation is under steady state and speed in 500 rpm. Under this condition at t = 0+, the generated torque is instantly increased to 100 Nm. The inertia of the drive is 0.01 Nm sec2/rad. The friction is negligible.

(a) Write down the differential equation governing the speed of the drive

for t > o.

(b) Evaluate the time taken for the speed to reach 1000 rpm.

27. A d.c motor driven from a fully conrrolld 3 phase converter shown in Figure draws a d.c. current of 100 A with negligible ripple.

(a) Sketch the n.c, line current i A for one cycle

(b) Determine the 3rd and 5th harmonic component of the line current as a percentage of fundamental current.

100'
N" ~~ "j~ t'
put i.
~

~ ~ ~ lP

m

ANSWERS
SECUON-A

1.1 (a) 1.2 (d) 1.3 (,) 1.4 (e) 1.5 (e) 1.6 (d) 1.7 (c) 1.8 (e) 1.9 (n) 1.10 (d)
1.11 (e) 1.12 (d) 1.13 (b) 1.14 (d) 1.15 (b) 1.16 (e) 1.17 (n) 1.18 (d) 1.19 (a) 1.20 (al
1.21 (b) 1.22 (d) 1.23 (a) 1.24 (e) 1.25 (/1)
2.1 (a) 2.2 (e) 2.3 (b) 2.4 (el 2 .. 5 (b) 2.6 (e) 2.7 (n) 2.8 (a) 2.9 (d) 2.10 (b)
2.11 (e) 2.12 (el 2.13 (nl 2.14 (e) 2.15 (a) 2.16 (el 2.17 (c) 2.18 (el 2.19 (b) 2.20 (d)