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Reproductive System Function

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes by which sperm and eggs are produced. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves the production of sperm cells from spermatogonia through meiosis. Oogenesis begins before birth and produces a single viable egg each month through follicular development and ovulation in the ovaries. Both processes are regulated by hormones including FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone and testosterone.

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Doods Galdo
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95 views

Reproductive System Function

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the processes by which sperm and eggs are produced. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and involves the production of sperm cells from spermatogonia through meiosis. Oogenesis begins before birth and produces a single viable egg each month through follicular development and ovulation in the ovaries. Both processes are regulated by hormones including FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone and testosterone.

Uploaded by

Doods Galdo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reproductive

System:
Spermatogenesis
and Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis: Overview

 Beginsat puberty
 Produces 4 viable sperm
Spermatogenesis:
Where
 Happens in
seminiferous
tubules,
which make
up each
testicle
Spermatogenesis:
How
 Diploid
spermatogonia are
located on outer wall
of seminiferous
tubules
 These increase in
number via mitosis
Spermatogenesis:
How
 The spermatogonia
grow larger and
become primary
spermatocytes
 Notice their location:
closer to the inside
of the tubule
Spermatogenesis:
How
 Primary
spermatocytes
undergo meiosis I
to produce two
secondary
spermatocytes
(haploid)
Spermatogenesis:
How
 Secondary
spermatocytes
undergo meiosis
II to produce 2
spermatids
(haploid)
Spermatogenesis:
How
 Spermatids are
aided in their
maturity process
by Sertoli cells
(nurse cells)
 This helps the
cells to
differentiate
Spermatogenesis:
How
 Sperm cells
eventually
detach from the
Sertoli cells and
are carried out
by fluid in the
lumen of the
seminiferous
tubules
Sperm cell: structure
Hormonal Regulation of
Reproduction: Males
 GnRH from
hypothalamus
stimulates release of
FSH, LH from anterior
pituitary
 FSH stimulates Sertoli
cells to produce
mature sperm cells
 LH stimulates Leydig
cells to produce
testosterone
Oogenesis: overview

 Beginsbefore birth; ends during


menopause
 Produces 1 viable egg
Oogenesis: Where

 Happens in ovaries
 Begins during embryonic development
Oogenesis: Where

 After
embryonic production of primary
oocytes, egg development is determined by
hormone levels during various cycles,
beginning with puberty
Hormonal Regulation of
Reproduction: Females
Oogenesis: Days 1-13
 Primary follicle
develops into
secondary follicle,
then Graafian
follicle
 Estrogen, LH, FSH
levels rise
 Progesterone
levels are low
 Endometrium
begins thickening
Oogenesis: Day 14
 Ovulation occurs as
estrogen and FSH, LH
levels peak
 Follicle ruptures at surface
of ovary, ovum escapes
 Endometrium thickens more
Oogenesis: Days
15-28
 Ovum is viable for
a few days (~5-6)
 Follicle secretes
progesterone
 If no fertilization,
follicle and ovum
become corpora
lutea and
progesterone
levels fall
Menstrual Cycle:
Days 0-5

 Endometrium sloughs off as levels of


progesterone fall
 This is the menstrual period

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