LANGUAGE
LEARNING
Group 2
Nur Alina Syuhada t Abd Rahim
Murni Suhana Bt Ismail
Ainun Jariyah Bt Mat Ariff
Noor Shizan Bt Ibrahim
Learning
acquiring or getting of knowledge of a subject or a
skill by study, experience or instruction.
Language
a system of arbitrary, vocal symbols which permit
all people in a given culture, or other people who
have learned the system of that culture, to
communicate or to interact
Learning of a second language is a complex
process, involving a seemingly infinite number of
variable.
Learning vs Acquisition
Learning – conscious process where learners
study the language in an organized
manner following a programme or a
syllabus
Acquisition – unconsciously learnt; similarly by
the way one learn one’s native
language. Learner exposed to lots
of natural language pick up
experiences masters
Stephen Krashen (1981)
Language learning involves…
• Signal learning – individual learns to make a
general diffuse response to signal (Classical
conditioned response of Pavlov)
• Stimulus response learning – the learner
acquires a precise response to the discriminated
stimulus (Skinnerian terms – a discriminated
operant)
• Chaining – what is acquired is a chain of two or
more stimulus response connections. (Skinner)
• Verbal association – the learning of the chains
that are verbal
• Multiple discrimination – individual learns to
make a number of different identifying response
to different stimuli, which may resemble each
other in physical appearance to a greater or less
degree
• Concept learning – learner is able to make a
response that identifies an entire class of objects
or events
• Principle learning - a chain of two or more
concept . Ausubel terminology; subsumer - a
cluster of related concept.
• Problem solving – kind of learning that requires
the internal events referred as “thinking” ;
acquired concepts and principles are combined
on an unsolved events.
…SUCCESS IN LANGUAGE
LEARNING…
• MOTIVATION
• TEACHERS
• LEARNERS
• LEARNING STYLES
MOTIVATION
> motivated = achieve greater success.
Types of motivation
• Intrinsic – internal factors
• Extrinsic – external factors
How to Maximize Motivation?
• Create students interest in English – selecting
materials and enjoyable activities
• Cater the needs of the students – needs for
success, setting a challenging yet realistic and
attainable objectives
• Make them aware of the teaching learning
activities.
TEACHERS
• As agent; select relevant and
interesting materials
• Can increase or diminish students’
interest in English – teaching style,
attitude and personality
• Roles
- give information and imparting knowledge
- provide guidance and help student practise
knowledge
- motivate student ; provide opportunity to use
the language
- organize purposeful activities and carried it
out in non-threatening environment
- encourage student; praise, feedback
- assessing and evaluating students’ english
language proficiency
Learners
• Successful language learner
- Positive attitude toward English and speakers of
English
- Motivated to learn English; extrinsic & intrinsic
motivation
- Make efforts to get into the situation where
English is used and use English as often as they
can.
- Consciously try new strategies for learning and
remembering new words, phrases, sentences and
their meanings
- Prepared to take the risks, makes mistakes and
learn from mistakes
Learning Styles
• Refers to the ways of a students prefers to go
about learning.
• Teacher needs to cater it by providing the
choices in the classrooms or by having good
balance of differing strategies over a number
of lessons - can improved learner satisfaction
and attainment.
• Four categories of learner and the
strategy
- Concrete learner : games, picture, films,
cassettes, videos, talking in pairs,
practising English outside the class
- Analytical learner : studying grammar,
studying English books, reading
newspapers, studying alone, problem
solving
- Communicative learner : listening to
native speaker, watching tv in English ,
use English as communication outside
class, learning new words by hearing
them, learning by conversing
- Authority-oriented learner : teacher to
explain everything, likes to have own
textbook, likes to write everything in a
notebook, studies grammar, learns by
reading, learns new words by seeing them
