PARASITOLOGY
WHAT IS PARASITOLOGY?
PARASITOLOGY is the science that
deals with organisms that take up their
abode temporarily or permanently, on
or within other living organism for the
purpose of procuring food and shelter
PARASITE, PARASITISM, PARASITEMIA
PARASITE – is a weaker organism that depends on
another organism for food and shelter
PARASITISM – association of two different specie
where one lives at the expense of another
PARASITEMIA – presence of parasites in the blood
TYPES OF ASSOCIATION
OF LIVING ORGANISM
SYMBIOSIS - Two living organism of different
specie are dependent on each
other
- Both benefit from each other
MUTUALISM
- One benefit ; one not harmed
COMMENSALISM
or injured
PARASITISM
- One benefit; one is living in the
expense of others
KINDS OF PARASITE
Endoparasite Periodic parasite
Ectoparasite Transitory parasite
Obligatory parasite Incidental parasite
Facultative parasite Erratic parasite
Pathogenic parasite Coprophilic parasite
Non-pathogenic parasite Hematozoic parasite
Spurious parasite Cytozoic parasite
Intermittent parasite Coelozoic parasite
Permanent parasite Enterozoic parasite
Pseudoparasite
According to habitat
Endoparasite - a parasite living INSIDE the body
Ectoparasite – parasite living OUTSIDE the body
According to needs for a host
Obligatory parasite – a parasite that NEEDS A HOST
at some stages of its life cycle
Facultative parasite – a parasite that MAY SURVIVE
IN A FREE-LIVING STATE or MAY BECOME
PARASITIC WHEN THE NEED ARISE
According to pathogenicity
Pathogenic parasite – a parasite that CAUSES
INJURY to the host
Non-pathogenic parasite – a parasite that DOES
NOT CAUSE INJURY to the host
Spurious Parasite – parasite of other animals which
passes thru the human body (stomach) without
causing injury or damage
Intermittent Parasite – parasite that visits and leaves
the host at intervals. Also known as temporary
parasite.
Example: mosquito
According to periodicity
Permanent parasite – a parasite that lives its whole
life (hatching until death) in a single host but eggs or
cyst are to be transferred to a new host before a second
generation develops
Periodic Parasite – parasite in which larval stage
develops in host different from that of an adult
According to periodicity
Incidental Parasite – a parasite which occurs
occasionally in an unusual host.
Example: Ancylostoma caninum
Erratic Parasite – it is the parasite that fixed in an
organ or habitat which is not its usual habitat
Example: Ascaris lumbricoides
According to their
Coprophilic parasite – it is a protozoan organism
which is able to live and multiply in moist fecal matter
outside the body.
Hematozoic parasite – is a parasite living inside a red
blood cell Example: Malaria
Cytozoic Parasite – is a parasite living inside the cell
or tissue.
Example: Isospora hominis
Coelozoic parasite – it is the parasite living in body
cavities
Example: Acanthocheilonema perstans
Mansonell ozzard
Enterozoic parasite – it is the parasite living inside
the lumen of the intestines
Pseudoparasite – artifact mistaken as parasite
Example: Blastocystis hominis
INFECTION vs INFESTATION
INFECTION – is the entry and development or
multiplication of a pathogen INSIDE the body of man
or animals
INFESTATION – it is the lodgement, development
and reproduction of arthropods ON THE SURFACE of
the body or in the clothing of man or fur of animals
KINDS OF HOST
What is a HOST?
It is the living organism that harbors the parasite
KINDS OF HOST
DEFINITIVE HOST
INTERMEDIATE HOST
1ST Intermediate Host
2nd Intermediate Host
RESERVIOR HOST
PARATENIC HOST
DEAD-END HOST
KINDS OF HOST
DEFINITIVE (PRIMARY HOST)
- is the host in which SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT and
multiplication of the parasite takes place
- Example: Mosquito Malaria
KINDS OF HOST
INTERMEDIATE (SECONDARY HOST)
- Is the host where ASEXUAL state of the parasite takes
place
1ST Intermediate Host – EARLY LARVA stage of the
parasite
2nd Intermediate Host – INFECTIVE LARVA to the
definitive host
KINDS OF HOST
RESERVIOR HOST
- Is the host that harbors the same specie of parasite as
may man
- Example: PIG Balantidium coli
KINDS OF HOST
PARATENIC HOST
- is the host that harbors the parasite in ARRESTED
STATE of development, however the parasite is able to
continue the cycle in a subsequent suitable host
KINDS OF HOST
DEAD-END HOST ( INCIDENTAL HOST)
- host that does generally not allow transmission to
the definite host, thereby preventing the parasite from
completing its development
- Examples humans Echinococcus canine
tapeworms.
VECTORS
- these are animate or inanimate object that carries the
infective stage of the parasite
BIOLOGICAL VECTOR – transmit the parasite only after
the it has completed its development inside the host
MECHANICAL / PHORETIC VECTOR – just transport
the parasite
Stages of Life for a parasite
OVUM – is the female germ cell while still within the
uterus
EGG – is the female germ cell outside the uterus
EMBRYO – it is the early developing stage of the
parasite
Stages of Life for a parasite
LARVA – it is the early and usually is the feeding stage
of the parasite after embryo
TROPHOZOITE – it is the active, vegetative stage of a
protozoan. Also known as the pre-cyst stage.
CYST – it is the non-motile, non-feeding latent stage
of certain protozoa. It is surrounded by a thick wall to
prevent dehydration.
Parasite transformation
ENCYSTATION – trophozoite to cyst
Changes:
1. size: big small
2. motility: motile non-motile
3. food vacuole: present absent
4. wall covering: thin thick
EXCYSTATION – cyst to trophozoite
MODE OF REPRODUCTION
SEXUAL
Oviparous – parasite lays egg hatch OUSIDE the host
body
Oviviparous – parasite lays egg hatch INSIDE the
host body
Viviparous – bears living young, instead of laying eggs
ASEXUAL
Binary fission – This separates the parent cell into two
nearly equal daughter cells, each having a nuclear body
Parthenogenic – female parasite produce eggs without
being fertilized by a male
Epidemiology
SPORADIC – disease which occurs OCCASIONALLY
in ONE OR FEW members of the community
ENDEMIC – a disease which occurs more or less
CONSTANTLY in a PARTICULAR community
EPIDEMIOLOGY
EPIDEMIC – a REGIONAL OUTBREAK of the disease
usually affecting many individuals and spreading over
a wide area
PANDEMIC – is WORLDWIDE EPIDEMIC of the
disease
Other words related to
parasitology
SAPROPHYTES - organism that grows on and derives
its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.
