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4. ELECTRONICS [/25 x 100 = % ]

SECTION A Structured Items
Instruction: Answer all questions in this section.

4.1 Understanding the uses of the Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O)

A student is able to :

explain thermionic emission.

Describe the properties of cathode rays.
Describe the uses of a cathode ray oscilloscope.
-- Measure potential difference using the C.R.O.
-- Measure short time intervals using the C.R.O.
-- Display wave forms using the C.R.O.
Solve problems based on the C.R.O. display

1. ______________________ is the process where by ____________ are released from the

surface of a heated metal.

2. The properties of cathode rays

(i) They travel in ________________ lines.

(ii) They are fast moving ____________ and therefore can generate ________when
they hit the fluorescent screen.
(iii) They are deflected by _________ and ____________ fields and are _________
charged.

3. The diagram shows the structure of a simple cathode ray tube.

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(a) Name the components labeled P, Q, R, S and T.

Component Name of the component Function of the component

P
Q
R
S
T

(b) The CRO can be used to :

i. display _________________
ii. measure ________________ of DC and AC supply
iii. measure a _________________________

4. The figure below shows a trace formed on the screen of a CRO.

If the Y-gain control on the CRO is set at 0.5 V cm-1 and the time-base is set at 5 ms
cm-1.

Find the peak voltage VP , Period, T and Frequency, f.

peak voltage VP Period, T Frequency, f.

Peak voltage, VP Period, T = frequency, f = 1/T

= = =
= =

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5. If the same signal is applied to the CRO but the time base is readjusted to 10 ms/cm,
draw a sketch to show the trace that will now be formed on the screen?

4.2 Understanding semiconductor diodes. [ ../31 x 100 = % ]

A student is able to :

Describe semiconductors in terms of resistance and free electrons

Describe n-type and p-type semiconductors.
Describe semiconductor diodes and their function.
Describe the use of diodes as rectifiers.
Describe the use of a capacitor to smooth the output current and output voltage from a
rectifier circuit.

1. (a) A semiconductor is a material whose resistance is between the resistance of a

_______________ and an ____________________.

(b) ___________ is a process when small amounts of ________________ are added to

pure semiconductors causing an increase in the _________________ of the material.

(c) A p-type semiconductor is produced when a semiconductor material such

_________________ is doped with a ____________ element like _________________

(d) A n-type semiconductor is produced when a semiconductor material such as

germanium/silicon is doped with a ____________________ element like
_____________________.

. (e) A ______________________ is a p-n junction diode where the p-type material is

called the __________ and the n-type material is called the ______________

(f) In ___________-biased a current ________ through the diode but in _________-biased

current ________________ through the diode.

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(g) _____________-biased,
Bulb lights / does not light up

_______ _______
Symbol of diode

2. Diagram 1 shows an electric circuit with one diode and the trace produced is shown on a
CRO connected across the resistor R.
Diagram 2 shows an electric circuit with four diodes and the trace produced is shown on a
CRO connected across the resistor R.

(a) ________________ is a process to convert an alternating current into a

_______________________ by using a _____________.

(b) Comparision between :

Diagram 1 Diagram 2
The diode is connected in _________ to The diodes are connected in a
the resistor R. ____________ with two junctions
connected to the power supply and the
other two junction across the resistor R.

Diode is used as a ____________ Diode are used as a __________

rectifier rectifier.

Both input are ______________ voltages and the outputs are _______________.
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(c) Trace the path taken by the current in Diagram.2 if the terminal X is positive.

Current flows from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(d) A _______________ is an electric component that needs to be connected to the

output of both the circuits to produce a more constant output.

4.3 Understanding transistors [ ../18 x 100 = .. % ]

A student is able to:

Describe a transistor in terms of its terminals.
Describe how a transistor can be used as a current amplifier.
Describe how a transistor can be used as an automatic switch.

1. Name the two types of transistors as shown in Figure 4.31(a) and 4.31(b) and label
the three terminals

X
___________
_______ Z

__________
Y

Figure 4.31 (a) Type of transistor : _______ transistor

mA
Y
R2 IC
Figure 4.31 (b) Type of transistor : ________ transistor

2. Transistor as a Current Amplfier R1

A
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R IB
IE
Name:.
Electronics/Form 5

A transistor can function as a ______________________ by allowing a small

current to control a larger current. Rheostat R changes the _______ current. A
_________ change in the base current, IB will cause a _______ change in the
collector current, IC. The current amplification can be calculated as follows:

I C
Current Amplification =
I B

3. The diagram below shows a circuit which acts as an automatic switch to turn on the motor M
when the surroundings is dark.

(a) Name the component labeled P,Q and S.

Component Name of the components

P
Q
S

(b) What is the function of the component labeled R?

To control the ________current.

(c) The figure below shows how the collector current, Ic and the base current, Ib flow.

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(d) What happens to the magnitude of the potential difference VS when the surroundings
become bright?
Tick ( ) the correct answer in the box provided

Increase
Decrease

(e) Explain how the change in the potential difference, VS, will cause the motor M to be
turned on?

As VS ____________, the base current ______________ causing the collector current

to _______________ by a large magnitude. This will cause the relay to ___________
the circuit and switch on the motor.

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4.4 Analysing logic gates [ / 21 x 100 = % ]

A student is able to:

Draw symbols for the following logic gates .

i. AND
ii. OR
iii. N0T
iv. NAND
v. NOR

Build truth tables for logic gates in combination for a maximum of 2 inputs.
State that logic gates are switching circuits in computers and other electronic systems.
Describe applications of logic gates control systems.

1. Draw symbols for the following logic gates and state their action in a truth table

i. AND ii. OR

iii. N0T iv. NAND

v. NOR

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2. The figure below shows a circuit consisting of three different logic gates.

(a) Name the logic gates

Logic gate Name of the logic gate

P
Q
S

(b) Complete the truth table for the system shown above.

Input Output
A B
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

(c) (i) The combination of the logic gates above can be replaced by a single logic gate.
What is this equivalent logic gate?

(ii) Give the Boolean equation for the logic gate in your answer in ( c)(i) above.

2. The circuit below shows a logic circuit used in a cold room where frozen meat is stored. The

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alarm will be turned on if the temperature of the cold room is too high. The buzzer will be
turned OFF if the output logic is 0 and be turned ON if the output logic is 1.

(a) Name the logic gate used in the circuit above.

(b) Based on the information above, complete the truth table for the logic gate above.

Input Output Alarm

1 0
0 1

(c) Name the component labeled E.

(d) If the temperature of the cold room increases, what happens to the quantity in the table
below? Complete the table with the appropriate answers.

Resistance of E
Current flowing through the logic gate
Condition of the alarm

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