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Electron Beam Machine

1) Electron beam machining (EBM) is a thermal machining process that uses a concentrated beam of high-velocity electrons to melt and vaporize material. 2) The EBM process takes place under vacuum and involves directing the electron beam, generated by a gun, towards the workpiece to create heat and vaporize the material. 3) EBM can accurately cut or bore holes in a variety of metals and provides a better surface finish and narrower kerf width than other thermal cutting processes.

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95 views

Electron Beam Machine

1) Electron beam machining (EBM) is a thermal machining process that uses a concentrated beam of high-velocity electrons to melt and vaporize material. 2) The EBM process takes place under vacuum and involves directing the electron beam, generated by a gun, towards the workpiece to create heat and vaporize the material. 3) EBM can accurately cut or bore holes in a variety of metals and provides a better surface finish and narrower kerf width than other thermal cutting processes.

Uploaded by

MQ Zeroo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Al- Balqaa Applied University

Al- Huson University College


Mechanical Engineering Department

Electrons Beam Machine


Dr. Essam Qasem

Team #8

:Team Members
Mohammad Yaqoub
Ammar Malkawi

31319118501
31119118040

Murad Rawashdeh

31419118098

Wajde Al Khateeb

31219118011

:Contents
Introduction
Process
Equipment Used
Parameters
Capability
Advantages and Disadvantages

Applications

Introduction
Electron beam machining (EBM) is a thermal process used
for the metal removal during the machining process. In the
electrical beam machining, electrical energy is used to
.generate the electrons with high energy
is a process where high-velocity electrons concentrated into a( EBM)
narrow beam are directed toward the work piece, creating heat and
vaporizing the material. EBM can be used for very accurate cutting or
boring of a wide variety of metals. Surface finish is better and kerf
.width is narrower than those for other thermal cutting processes

Process of Electron Beam


:Machining

In the electron beam gun the electric beam is


generated. Electron beam consists of a small spot
size, from which it provides the high velocity
electrons. The electron beam machining process is
carried out in the vacuum. This is due to the
electrons present in the process react with the air
molecules so they lose the energy and ability of
cutting. The work piece material must be placed
under the electron beam, and where the equipment
is placed under the vacuum. With the spot size of 10
to 100 , the high energy absorbed electron beam is
. ready to show impact on the work piece material

The high velocity electron consists of kinetic energy,


the energy is converted into the heat energy, where
the electrons strikes the work material. Because of
the high energy present in the electrons it starts to
melting and vaporization of the work piece material.
The process is done from top to the bottom of the
work piece material. In the electrical beam
machining the gun is used in the pulsed mode. By
using the single pulse holes, and is drilled on the thin
sheets. Multiple passes are required for the thicker
.plates

Equipment used in the Electron


:Beam Machining

The electron beam machine consists of an electron


beam gun used to produce free electrons at the
cathode. The high velocity particles are moving
through the small spot size. The cathode (tool) is
made of tantalum or tungsten material. The cathode
filaments are heated to a temperature of 2500to
3000and the heating leads to thermo ionic emission
of electrons. The magnitude varies from the 25 mA to
100 mA. The solidities lies between 5 Acto 15 Ac.The
emission current is influenced by the voltage that is
nearly 150kV, and the current is applied between the
anode and cathode to release the electrons in the
.direction of work piece

Bias grid:It is also known as grid cup. The grid


cup is a negative that is subjected with respect to
the filament. So, the electrons generated with the
help of the cathode will directly flow towards the
anode. During the flow of the electrodes no
diversions are seen. The anode attracts the
electrons and gets accelerated; the electrons will
gain a high velocity.
The cathode controls the flow of the electrons, and
the grid cup used to operate the gun in pulsed
mode only.

After the anode the electron beam passing through


the magnetic lens and the apertures are connected in
series. The magnetic lens is used to shape the
electron beam and reduce the diversion factor.
The apertures allow the convergent electrons to
permit and caught the low energy divergent
electrons from the fringes.
Finally the electron beam passes through the
electromagnetic lens and deflection coil. Then the
deflection coil sends the electron beam through the
hole, to improve the shape to machine a hole.

The vacuum is created between the work piece and


the electron beam gun, and there is a series of
rotating disc with slots.
The disc allows the electron beam to pass over the
material for machining, and it prevents from the
fumes and vapors generated during the machining.
Work piece is placed on the CNC bench. Then holes
of any shape are made on the work piece material. In
the gun beam flection and CNC control are used to
shape.

Vacuum is maintained in gun, and the vacuum


ranges from Suitable vacuum is maintained because
the electron as it does not lose their energy, and
where the life of the cathode is obtained. By using
the diffusion pump and rotary pump the vacuum is
maintained.
Diffusion pump should act as an oil heater. If the oil
is heated then the oil vapor rushes upwards. The
nozzle changes the direction of the oil vapor and
starts moving in the downward direction at high
velocity. The oil vapors are reduces in the diffusion
pump; this is because of the presence of the cooling
water cover.

Parameters in the (EBM) :


already know that the electron gun is works within the
pulse mode. The bias grid is located after the cathode.
Then pulse is given to the grid cup, where the pulse
duration ranges from 50to 15 ms.
Beam current is related to the electrons that are
emitted from the cathode or available in the beam.
Beam current is ranges from the 200micro amps to 1
amp. If the beam current increases, simultaneously there
is also an increase in the energy per pulse. High pulse
energy is used to machine thicker plates and make the
holes larger.

The power and energy density is ruled by the energy per


pulse and the nozzle spot size. With the help of the
electromagnetic lens the spot size is controlled. For lower
spot size they require a high energy density. The metal
removal must be high; this is when compared to the holes
size where the hole must be similar.
The plane of focusing must be above or below the surface
of the work piece material.

:Capability of (EBM) process


Electrical beam machining makes a hole ranges from
100 to 2 mm.
The depth of cut must be 15 mm with a length to
diameter ratio of nearly 10.
Holes can be elongated along with the barrel shape or
depth.
Reverse tapper can also be performed below the
surface of the work piece material.
In the electron beam machining Cut formation is not
observed

In EBM the heat affected zone is narrow; this is because of the


short pulse occurrence. The heat affected zone is nearly 20 to 30.
Compares to the steels aluminum and titanium is freely
machined.
Based upon the type of the material, power density, depth of cut
holes diameter, which are the reasons for the number of holes
drilled per second on the material.
The EBM does not apply any cutting forces on the material.
During the process very simple investment is required for work
EBM process allows machining of brittle and fragile materials.
Holes are drilled at an angle of 20 to 30.

Advantages of (EPM) :
There is no contact between the tool material and
work piece material
Very small holes are also machined on different
type of work piece materials with high accuracy
Drilling is also done on the work piece material
with a diameter of nearly 0.002 inches
Drilling parameters are changed automatically
during the machining

Distortions are not observed to the work piece


material.
This process is proficient in attaining high accuracy
along with repeatability.
Compare with the other process, formation of holes
is easy with the other process.

:Disadvantages
The cost of the equipment is very high.
Metal removal rate during the process is low.
Small cut operations are performed on the work
piece material with the help of EBM machine.
Vacuum requirements boundaries the dimensions of
the work piece material.
Need for secondary backing materials.

:Applications of EBM
With the help of the different pressure, holes are
.drilled in the air craft engine, nuclear reactor etc

Videos

The End

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