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Correlation PDF

Chapter 13: Linear Regression and Correlation GOALS When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:. Draw a scatter diagram. Understand and interpret the terms dependent variable and independent variable. Calculate and interpret the coefficient of correlation, the coefficient of determination, and the standard error of estimate. Conduct a test of hypothesis to determine if the population coefficient of correlation is different from zero.

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29 views

Correlation PDF

Chapter 13: Linear Regression and Correlation GOALS When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:. Draw a scatter diagram. Understand and interpret the terms dependent variable and independent variable. Calculate and interpret the coefficient of correlation, the coefficient of determination, and the standard error of estimate. Conduct a test of hypothesis to determine if the population coefficient of correlation is different from zero.

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salsabila
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

13- 1

Day

KORELASI

11

McGraw-Hill/Irwin

2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved.

13- 2

Chapter Thirteen

Linear Regression and Correlation


GOALS
When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:
ONE
Draw a scatter diagram.
TWO
Understand and interpret the terms dependent variable and
independent variable.
THREE
Calculate and interpret the coefficient of correlation, the coefficient
of determination, and the standard error of estimate.
FOUR
Conduct a test of hypothesis to determine if the population
coefficient of correlation is different from zero.
Goals

13- 3

Analisis korelasi adalah teknik statistik yg digunakan untuk


mengukur hubungan antara dua variabel.
Advertising Minutes and $ Sales

The Dependent Variable


adl variabel yg diprediksi
atau diestimasi.

30
Sales ($thousands)

A Scatter Diagram
(diagram pencar) adl
diagram yg mengambarkan
hubungan antara 2 variabel

25
20
15
10
5
0
70

90

110

130

150

170

190

Advertising Minutes

The Independent

Variable adl variabel


yg menjadi basis
estimasi.  Mrpk
variabel predktor.

13- 4

Koefisien Korelasi (r) adl indikator yg mengukur kekuatan


hubungan antara dua variabel
Disebut jg koefisien korelasi Mensyaratkan data berskala
Pearsons r
interval atau rasio
Nilai berkisar
Pearson's r
-1.00 - 1.00.
Nilai r -1.00 atau 1.00
Mengindikasikan korelasi
yg kuat & sempurna
Negative values indicate an
inverse relationship and
positive values indicate a
direct relationship.

-1

Nilai r mendekati 0.0


mengindikasikan korelasi
yg lemah
The Coefficient of Correlation, r

13- 5

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

5
X

10

Perfect Negative Correlation

13- 6

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

5
X

10

Perfect Positive Correlation

13- 7

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

5
X

10

Zero Correlation

13- 8

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0

5
X

10

Strong Positive Correlation

13- 9

Menghitung Koefisien Korelasi

r=

(X X)(Y Y)
(n-1)sxsy

( X X )
Sx =
n 1

(Y Y )
SY =
n 1

Formula for r

13- 10

Koefisien Determinasi

(r2) adl proporsi dr variasi


total dlm variabel dependen (Y) yang dpt dijelaskan oleh
variasi variabel independen (X).

- Merupakan kuadrat dari koefisien korelasi.


- antara 0 - 1.
- Nilai r2 tidak memberikan informasi ttg arah
hubungan antara dua variabel

Coefficient of Determination

13- 11

Dan Ireland, direktur Toledo


State University, sangat
memperhatikan biaya
pembelian textbook utk
mahasiswa. Dia percaya ada
hubungan antara jml halaman
buku dg harga jual buku. Utk
itu dia memilih sampel
sebanyak 8 buku yg dijual di
bookstore. Gambar scatter
diagramnya & Hitung koefisien
korelasi antara keduanya
Example 1

13- 12

Book

Hlm

Harga($)

Introduction to History

500

84

Basic Algebra

700

75

Introduction to Psychology

800

99

Introduction to Sociology

600

72

Business Management

400

69

Introduction to Biology

500

81

Fundamentals of Jazz

600

63

Principles of Nursing

800

93

Example 1 continued

13- 13

Scatter Diagram of Number of Pages and Selling Price of Text


100

90
Price ($)
80

70

60
400

500

600

700

800

Page

Example 1 continued

13- 14

Page

E
X
C
E
L

Price

Mean
625 Mean
79.50
Standard Error
49 Standard Error
4.32
Median
600 Median
78
Mode
600 Mode
#N/A
Standard Deviation
139 Standard Deviation 12.21
Sample Variance
19,286 Sample Variance
149.14
Kurtosis
-0.55 Kurtosis
-0.77
Skewness
-0.16 Skewness
0.40
Range
400 Range
36
Minimum
400 Minimum
63
Maximum
800 Maximum
99
Sum
5,000 Sum
636
Count
8 Count
8
Example 1 continued

13- 15

(X X)(Y Y)
(a)
Page
(X)
500
700
800
600
400
500
600
800

(b)
Price
(Y)
84
75
99
72
69
81
63
93

X = 612,5

(c)
X - Mean(X) Y -112.5
87.5
187.5
-12.5
-212.5
-112.5
-12.5
187.5

Y = 79,5

(d)
Mean(Y)
4.5
-4.5
19.5
-7.5
-10.5
1.5
-16.5
13.5

(c)*(d)
.
(506.3)
(393.8)
3,656.3
93.8
2,231.3
(168.8)
206.3
2,531.3
7,650.0

Example 1 continued

13- 16

r=

(X X)(Y Y)
(n-1)sxsy

7650
= 7(145,77)(12,21)

= 0,614

r2 = 0,6142 = 0,377

The correlation between the number of pages and the


selling price of the book is 0.614. This indicates a
moderate association between the variable.
Example 1 continued

13- 17

Pengujian Signifikansi Koefisien


Korelasi
Dapatkah koefisien korelasi populasi sebesar
nol ?

Ho: = 0 (korelasi dlm populasi sama dengan 0.)


H1: 0 (korelasi dlm populasi tidak sama dengan 0.
Uji t test utk
koefisien
korelasi

t=

r n2
1 r

With n-2 d.f.

T-test of significance of r

13- 18

Computed r = 0,614. Uji hipotesis yg menyatakan


tdk ada korelasi dlm populasi. Gunakan .02
significance level.

Step 1
H0: the correlation in the
population is zero.
H1:The correlation in the
population is not zero.
Step 3
The statistic to
use follows the
t distribution.

Step 2
Significance
level is .02.
Step 4
H0 is rejected if
t>3.143 or if t<-3.143 .
There are
6 degrees of freedom,
found by n 2 = 8 2 = 6.

13- 19

Step 5
Find the value of the
test statistic.

t =

n2
1 r2

0 , 614 8 2
=
= 1, 906
1 0 , 377

H0 tidak ditolak. Kita tdk bs menolak hypothesis


yg menyatakan tdk ada korelasi dlm populasi.
Dengan demikian korelasi yg positif antara jmlh
halaman & harga buku tdk signifikan secara
statistik ( bisa jadi hy krn kebetulan sj).
Example 1 continued

13- 20

Bulan

Pengeluaran
Iklan (juta $ )

Juli
Agustus

2
1

Penerimaan
penjualan
(juta $)
7
3

September
Oktober

3
4

8
10

Tentukan :
a. Koefisien korelasi & interpretasikan
b. Ujilah signifikansi dari koefisien korelasi tersebut
dengan = 5%

Take Home Exercise:1

13- 21

Berikut pengamatan sampel yang dipilih secara acak:

X
Y

4
4

5
6

3
5

7
6

10
7

Tentukan koefisien korelasi dan tafsirkan hubungan antara X


dan Y?
Apakah korelasi keduanya signifikan secara statistik? Ujilah
dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0.05

Take Home Exercise 2

13- 22

 Dewan

Kota sedang mempertimbangkan untuk meningkatkan


jumlah polisi sebagai usaha untuk mengurangi tingkat kejahatan.
Untuk itu dilakukan survey ke kota lain guna menentukan
hubungan antara jumlah polisi dengan jumlah kejahatan yang
dilaporkan. Informasi yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut:
Kota
Oxford
Starksville
Danville
Athens
Holgate
Carey
Whistler
Woodville

Jumlah Polisi

Jumlah kejahatan

15
17
25
27
17
12
11
22

17
13
5
7
7
21
19
6
Take Home Exercise 3

13- 23

a. Gambar diagram pencarnya


b. Tentukan koefisien korelasinya
c. Apakak koefisien korelasi tersebut signifikan secara statistik?
Ujilah dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,01

Take Home Exercise 3

13- 24

Seorang pemilik dealer


mobil ingin mempelajari
hubungan antara usia
mobil dengan harga jual
mobil tersebut. Daftar
berikut merupakan sampel
acak 12 mobil bekas yang
terjual setahun yang lalu.
 Gambarkan diagram
pencarnya
 Tentukan koefisien
korelasi dan
interpretasikan hasilnya
 Ujilah signifikansi
koefisien korelasi tersebut
dgn =5%


Mobil

Usia
(Thn)

Harga Jual (ribu $)

8,1

11

12

10

7,6

11

10

10

12

11

8,6

12

8
Take Home Exercise 4

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