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Gr.9 Math Unit 8 Notes PDF

This document defines key terms related to circle geometry and provides examples of applying circle geometry properties and theorems. It introduces definitions of diameter, radius, chord, arc, tangent, and various angle types. It then explains properties of tangents, chords, angles in circles, including the tangent-radius property, perpendicular bisector property of chords, central angle and inscribed angle properties, and the angles in a semicircle property. Examples demonstrate applying these properties and theorems to find missing angle and side measures.

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Ashwin Jambhulkar
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168 views

Gr.9 Math Unit 8 Notes PDF

This document defines key terms related to circle geometry and provides examples of applying circle geometry properties and theorems. It introduces definitions of diameter, radius, chord, arc, tangent, and various angle types. It then explains properties of tangents, chords, angles in circles, including the tangent-radius property, perpendicular bisector property of chords, central angle and inscribed angle properties, and the angles in a semicircle property. Examples demonstrate applying these properties and theorems to find missing angle and side measures.

Uploaded by

Ashwin Jambhulkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 8: Circle Geometry

Introduction: Definitions

Grade 9 Math

Diameter
the distance across a circle, measured through its
center; or the line segment that joins two points on
the circle and passes through the center.

Radius
the distance or line segment from the center of a
circle to any point on the circle.

Chord(s)
a line segment that joins two points on a circle.

Arc
B

A segment of the circumference of a circle.


Minor Arc
The shorter of two arcs between two points on a circle.
For example: AB

Tangent
a line that intersects a circle at only one point.

Point of Tangency
the point where a tangent intersects a circle

Central Angle
An angle whose arms are radii of a circle.

Inscribed Angle
An angle in a circle with its vertex and endpoints
of its arms on the circle.

For example,

PQR

Section 8.1 Properties of Tangents to a Circle

Tangent-Radius Property
A tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius
at the point of tangency.
APO = BPO = 900

Example Problems
A)

Point O is the center of a circle and AB is tangent to the circle. In


AOB = 550. Determine the measure of OBA.

Since

A = 900 and

OAB,

0 = 550

Then 90 + 55 = 145
The three angles in a triangle
add to 1800. So
145 = 350.

x = 180

Try to find the missing angles in the following diagrams

A)

B)

x = 48o

x = 76o

Application Example
Since AC is a tangent
BDA = BDC = 900
Find x
x + 90 + 57 = 180
x + 147 = 180
x + 147 - 147 = 180 - 147
x = 33o
Find y
y + 90 + 35 = 180
y + 125 = 180
y + 125 - 125 = 180 - 125
y = 55o

Using the Pythagorean Theorem in a Circle


1.
Since BM is a tangent we know
that OBM = 900.
a 2 + b 2 = c2
82 + b2 = 102
64 + b2 = 100
b2 = 100 64
b2 = 36
b= 36
b = 6 cm

Try this one!


2.

Since BM is a tangent we know


that OBM = 900.
a 2 + b 2 = c2
122 + b2 = 162
144 + b2 = 256
b2 = 256 144
b2 = 112
b= 112
b = 10.6 cm

3. An airplane is cruising at an altitude of 9000m. A cross section of the earth is a


circle with a radius approximately 6400km. A passenger wonders how far she is from a
point H on the horizon she sees outside the window. Calculate the distance to the
nearest kilometer.

a 2 + b 2 = c2
d2 + 64002 = 64092
d2 + 40960000 = 41075281
d2 = 41075281 - 40960000
d2 = 115281
d= 115281
d = 339.5 km

8.2 Properties of Chords in a Circle


In any circle with center O and chord AB:
If OC bisects AB, then OC AB
If OC AB, then AC = CB
The perpendicular bisector of AB goes through the center O.

Remember:
Perpendicular means there is a 90o angle.
Bisector means it is divided into 2 equal parts

If AC = 10cm, then BC =10cm

Example # 1
O is the center of the circle. Find the length of chord AB.
Solution: Use the Pythagorean Theorem to solve
for BC
a 2 + b 2 = c2
62 + BC2 = 102
36 + BC2 = 100
BC2 = 100 36
b2 = 64
BC= 64
BC = 8 cm
AC= BC = 8cm
So the length of AB is 2 x 8cm = 16cm

Example # 2
The diameter of a circle is 18cm. A chord JK is 5cm from the center. Find the length of
the chord.
a 2 + b 2 = c2
52 + b 2 = 9 2
25 + b2 = 81
b2 = 81 25
b2 = 56
b= 56
b = 7.5 cm
If b = 7.5 cm, then the chord JK is 2 x 7.5cm =
15cm

Example # 3 A chord MN is 24cm. The radius of a circle is 20cm. Find the length of x.
Since the chord is 24cm, half it is 12cm. Use the
Pythagorean Theorem to find the missing side of
the triangle.

a 2 + b 2 = c2
122 + b2 = 202
144 + b2 = 400
b2 = 400 144
b2 = 256
b= 256
b = 16 cm

Radius is 20 cm ALL the way around the circle!


The length of x must be 20 cm 16 cm = 4 cm

Example # 4:
Finding Angle Measurements
x , y and z.

Solution
Since OC bisects chord AB, OC is perpendicular to AB. Therefore, x = 90o
The 3 angles in a triangle must add up to 180o.

y + 30 + 90 = 180
y + 120 = 180
y + 120 - 120 = 180 - 120
y = 60o

Since radii are equal (OA = OB) and OAB is isosceles, z = 30o.
Remember that in an isosceles triangle the 2 base angles are equal.

Try These
A).

B).

x = 90o and y = 50o

x = 90o , y = 35o and z = 55o

Section 8.3 Properties of Angles in a Circle


Central Angle and Inscribed Angle Property
The measure of a central angle is twice the measure of an inscribed angle subtended
by the same arc.
Examples

#1
#1

#2

#3

x = 350
Inscribed Angles Property
Inscribed angles subtended by the same arc are equal.

y = 360

Examples #1
ACB and ADB are inscribed angles
subtended by the same arc AB. So,
ACB = ADB. x = 220.
Central angle
angle

AOB and inscribed

ACB are both subtended by arc

AB.
AOB = 2 ACB
y = 2 22 y = 440

#2

ACB and ADB are inscribed angles


subtended by the same arc AB. So,
ACB = ADB. x = 140.
Central angle
angle

AOB and inscribed

ACB are both subtended by arc

AB.
AOB = 2 ACB
y = 2 14 y = 280
#3
Since both inscribed angles are subtended
from the same arc as the central angle
ACB =

ADB = 1
2
0
y = x = 1 ( 50 )
2
y = x = 250

AOB.

Angles in a Semicircle Property


Inscribed angles subtended by a
semicircle (half the circle) are right
angles. This means these angles
use the diameter.
Example #1 Find the missing angle measures.

MIN is an inscribed angle subtended by a semicircle.


So, x = 900.
Since three angles in a triangle add to 1800,
y + 90 + 40 = 180
y + 130 = 180
y + 130 130 = 180 130
y = 500

Example # 2 - Try this one!

MIN is an inscribed angle subtended by a semicircle.


So, x = 900.
Since three angles in a triangle add to 1800,
y + 90 + 60 = 180
y + 150 = 180
y + 150 150 = 180 150
y = 300

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