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Signals Analysis: DTFS For Periodic Signals

The document discusses the discrete time Fourier series (DTFS) representation of periodic signals. It defines the DTFS, provides properties and examples of applying DTFS to periodic signals. It also discusses the Fourier series coefficients and Parseval's theorem as it relates to DTFS.

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Basem Abd Elaziz
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190 views

Signals Analysis: DTFS For Periodic Signals

The document discusses the discrete time Fourier series (DTFS) representation of periodic signals. It defines the DTFS, provides properties and examples of applying DTFS to periodic signals. It also discusses the Fourier series coefficients and Parseval's theorem as it relates to DTFS.

Uploaded by

Basem Abd Elaziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals Analysis

DTFS For Periodic Signals


Prof. Dr.

Mohamed Fathy
Magnitude in Volts

4
3
2
1
0

-1
-2
-3
-4
0

2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000

Time m sec

Copyright

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Contents
DTFS

Properties of DTFS
Examples

Chapter 3 Problems (Discrete part):


2, 9, 11, 14, 16, 27, 29, 32, 36, 37

Copyright

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Fourier series (FS) representation


For a periodic signal
If x [n] = is periodic with period N
N1

x[n] =

k 0

ak e jk0n

Where, ak : FS coefficients
2
0 : Fundamental frequency =
N
That is x[n] is expressed as a sum of complex
exponentials with frequencies:
= k 0 ,

k =0,1,2,N-1

Copyright

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Fourier series (FS) representation


For a periodic signal
FS frequencies : = k 0 ,

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k =0,1,2,N-1

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Fourier series (FS) representation


For a periodic signal
FS frequencies : = k 0 ,
Example: N=4

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2
0 =
N

k =0,1,2,N-1
= 0, /2, , 3/2

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Fourier series (FS) representation


For a periodic signal
if x [n] = is periodic with period N
N1

x[n] =

k 0

ak e jk0n

Where, ak : FS coefficients
2
0 : Fundamental frequency =

1
ak =
N

N-1

-j k 0 n
x[n]
e

k =0,1,2,N-1

n=0

Copyright

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Proof
N1

x[n] =

k 0

x[n]
N-1

x[n] e

ak e

-jm0n =

N1

k 0

-j m 0 n

* e

jk0n

ak e j k0n e -jm0n
N1


k 0
N1

N1

N1

a
k

k 0

ak e

j k-m 0n

k 0

n=0

N-1

-jm0n

j (k m)0 n

n 0

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j k-m 0n

k 0

k m

k m

0

N
7

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Proof
N-1

-j k 0 n
x[n]
e
= N ak

n=0

ak =

1
N

N-1

-jk 0 n
x[n]
e

k =0,1,2,N-1

n=0

FS coefficients are periodic with N

x[n] =

k N

1
ak =
N

ak e jk 0

x[n] e -jk 0

n= N

Copyright

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Properties of DTFS
x[n] and y[n] are periodic with period N

x[n] ak

y[n] bk

1-Linearity

C ak +D bk

C x[n] + D y[n]

C & D are arbitrary constants.


2) Time Shift

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x[n-n0 ] ak e
9

j k 0 n0

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Properties of DTFS
j M 0 n

x[n]

3) Frequency shift

4) Time Reversal

x[-n]

x[n] even

ak even

6) x[n] real

a-k

x[n] odd

x * [n]

5) Conjugate

a k M

a- k = a

ak odd

a-* k

*
k

7) x[n] real & even

ak real & even

8) x[n] real & odd

ak odd & pure imaginary

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Examples

***

2 n
Ex1) Find the DT FSC of x[n] =cos

Solution
x[n] is periodic with period N =

0 =

2 n
x[n] =cos

Note: x[n] is real & even ak are real & even


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11

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Examples

***

Ex2) Find the DT FSC of

2 n
3 n
x[n] 1 cos

3
si
n

5
5

Solution

0 =

x[n] is periodic with period N =


x[n]

a0 =

a2 =

Note: x[n] is real


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a3 =

a-2 =

*
k

a- k = a
12

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

a3 =

Properties of DTFS
9) Parseval relation
x[n] is periodic with period N ak
Average power =

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1
x[n]

N n N

13

k=<N>

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

ak

Problem 3-11
Ex3) x[n] is a periodic real and even signal with
period N=10 has FS coefficients ak. a11=5 and
1 9
2

x[n]

50

10 n 0

Show than x[n]=A cos (Bn+C)

and specify numerical values of A,B and C.

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Solution

***

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Solution

***

A= 10

B=
5

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C=0

16

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

[Ex4 ] Consider the DT square wave

1
x[n]=
0

-2 n 2
otherwise

that is period with period N. Find and sketch the


Fourier series coefficients of x[n] if
a) N=10
b) N =20

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Solution

***

1
1
-jk0n
a) ak =
x[n] e

= 10
N n= <N>

x[n] e -jk0n

n= -4

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

***

Solution

1 2 j k 0
ak =
e
+ e j k 0 + 1 + e-j k 0 + e-2j k 0
10

= sum of GS with a=

r=

5k 0
sin

1
2

10
k 0
sin

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k=-5:4
19

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

0 =

N=

Assignment
Use Matlab to solve Example 4 with different
values of N (10, 20, 100 and 1000). Sketch the
signal x[n] and its discrete Fourier series
coefficients.

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20

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Example
***
x[n] is a DT periodic signal with even period N
and FSC ak . Find the FSC of :

N
b) x n +x n+
2

N
a) x n+
2

Solution
N
x n+ b k =
2

x n ak
bk =
bk
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ak

k even

ak

k odd
21

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Example

***

N
N
b) y[n]=x n +x n+ is periodic with period
2
2
N
y n+ =
2

y[n]

bk

2 ak

k even

k odd

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= 2 a 2k

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Example
b) x[n] is periodic with even period N

N
y[n]=x n +x n+ is periodic with period N
2
2
= 2/N

x[n] has N FSC ak


N
y[n] has FSC bk
2

0 = 4/N=2 0

1
-jk0n
ak =
x[n]
e

N n= <N>
2

N -jk20n
bk =
x[n]+x e

N n= <N/2>
2
2
2
N -jk20n
-jk20n
=
x[n] e
+
x n+ e

N n= <N/2>
N n= <N/2>
2
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23

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

***

2 N-1
= x[n] e -j2k0n
N n= 0

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=2a 2k

24

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Properties of DTFS
x[n] and h[n] are periodic with period N

x n ak

h n bk

10) Periodic Convolution


y[n]=

r N

x[r] h[n r] ck N ak bk

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Proof
1
j k 0 n
ck
y[n] e

N nN
1

N n N

r N

r N

x[r] h[n r] e

j k 0 n

r N

1
j k 0 n
x[r]
h[n r] e

N n N
x[r] bk e

j k 0 r

bk

x[r]

j k 0 r
e

r N

N a k bk
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26

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Example
ck is the FSC of a periodic signal y[n]. If
5k
sin2

1
10

ck
10
k
sin2

10

Find y[n].

Solution

N k 0
sin 1

1
2

x[n] ak
N
k 0
sin

2
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N1 : no. of ones
N: period 0 = 2/N
27

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Solution

***

5k
sin

1
10

ck
10
2 k
sin

10

5k
N k 0
sin
sin 1

1
1
10
2

=
ak
10
k
N
k 0
sin
sin

1
0

0 =

N=

N1=

x[n] ak
c N a 2k
k

y[n] ck

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y[n]

x[r] x[n r]

r N

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Properties of DTFS
x[n] and y[n] are periodic with period N

x[n]

ak

h[n] bk

11) Multiplication
x[n] h[n]

r N

a r bk r

Refer to Table 3-2 page 221 in textbook

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Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fathy Abu El-Yazeed

Summary & Conclusions

31

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