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Metallurgy: Submitted To:-Submitted By: - Nidhi Bansal Mam Arshdeep Singh 10 B Roll No. 4

This document discusses the process of metallurgy. Metallurgy involves extracting metals from their ores and refining them. It describes various processes used for ore enrichment like hydraulic washing, froth floatation, and electromagnetic separation to remove gangue. It then explains methods of ore conversion like roasting and calcination. Reduction processes like heating with carbon and electrolytic reduction are also outlined. Finally, refining techniques such as liquation, distillation, and electrolytic refining are summarized.

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57 views14 pages

Metallurgy: Submitted To:-Submitted By: - Nidhi Bansal Mam Arshdeep Singh 10 B Roll No. 4

This document discusses the process of metallurgy. Metallurgy involves extracting metals from their ores and refining them. It describes various processes used for ore enrichment like hydraulic washing, froth floatation, and electromagnetic separation to remove gangue. It then explains methods of ore conversion like roasting and calcination. Reduction processes like heating with carbon and electrolytic reduction are also outlined. Finally, refining techniques such as liquation, distillation, and electrolytic refining are summarized.

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METALLURGY

SUBMITTED TO:NIDHI BANSAL MAM

SUBMITTED BY:ARSHDEEP SINGH


10TH B
Roll No. 4

Metallurgy

The extraction of metals

from their ores and refining


it is known as metallurgy

M et a l u r g y
Enr ic hm ent of t h e or e
r e m oval of gangue

Conver s io n of t h e or e in t o suit a ble f o r m

Physic al m et h od

Chem ic al m et h od

Hydr a ulic w ashin g

Leachin g

f r o t h float io n
ele ct r o m agnet ic seper a t io n

Roast in g

Calc in at io n

Reduct io n

Refinin g

By heat in g(Hg)

Liq uat io n(Sn, P b)

By heat in g w it h C( Zn , F e)

Dis t il a t io n (Zn, Hg )

Ele ct r o ly t ic r e duct io n (Na, M g . . . )

Ele ct r o ly t ic r e finin g ( Cu, Hg , A U)

ENRICHMENT OF ORE
Process used for removal of the
GANGUE
GANGUE Soil, Sand and Earthy
Impurities

Enrichment processes
Hydraulic washing

Froth Floatation

Electromagnetic
separation

Chemical Method

Dissolve ore + Hot and Conc. NaOH


Al2O3 + 2NaOH -> 2NaAlO2+H2O
Filter it- add dil HCl
NaAlO2 + 2H2 O + HCl - Al(OH)3 + NaCl
Filter the ppt wash,dry and Ignite
2Al(OH)3 - Al2O3 + 3H2O
Pure Bauxite is obtained

REDUCTION
Conversion of concentrated ore into a more
suitable form
Roasting -- Heating the Sulphide ore in
presence of air to form an Oxide ore
2ZnS+3O2 2ZnO + 2SO2

Calcination -- Heating the Carbonate ore


in the absence of air to form an Oxide ore
ZnCO3- ZnO + CO2

Reduction

Low in the reactivity series ----


Heating ---- e.g..2HgS + 3O2 2HgO +2SO2
2HgO(S) - 2Hg + O2 (g)
Middle in the reactivity series
Heating with C (Smelting)
ZnO + C --Zn + CO
High up in the reactivity series Electrolytic
reduction

REFINING
LIQUATION:
Used for metals having low M.P. Pb,Sn
Impurity(High M.p.)

Metal
(low M.P.)

Hearth

REFINING

DISTILLATION
Metals used are Volatile - Hg ,Zn
The impure metal is heated in a retort.
The Pure metal distils over and is
condensed in a receiver.
The impurities are left behind in the retort

k
ELECTROLYTIC REFINING
Metals used are ---Cu,Zn,Sn,Ni,Ag,Au

CuSO4 +
H2SO4

A
H

K
N

U
O
Y

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