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Presented by Gaurav Puri Electrical Engineering Suny at Buffalo Gapuri@buffalo - Edu

Optical sensors are a new revolution in sensing technology that utilize light signals to measure various phenomena. Optical sensors offer advantages like electromagnetic immunity, electrical isolation, compact size, and the ability to perform both point and distributed sensing. They can measure various quantities including temperature, chemical species, pressure, force, flow, and more. Optical sensors work by detecting how a light beam changes in properties like intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength, or spectral distribution when it interacts with the phenomenon being measured. They are classified as either intrinsic or extrinsic sensors depending on whether the light exits or remains within the optical fiber. Optical sensors find applications in areas like biomedicine, the military, electrical and magnetic sensing, and more. The

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Agung Podo Moro
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63 views

Presented by Gaurav Puri Electrical Engineering Suny at Buffalo Gapuri@buffalo - Edu

Optical sensors are a new revolution in sensing technology that utilize light signals to measure various phenomena. Optical sensors offer advantages like electromagnetic immunity, electrical isolation, compact size, and the ability to perform both point and distributed sensing. They can measure various quantities including temperature, chemical species, pressure, force, flow, and more. Optical sensors work by detecting how a light beam changes in properties like intensity, phase, polarization, wavelength, or spectral distribution when it interacts with the phenomenon being measured. They are classified as either intrinsic or extrinsic sensors depending on whether the light exits or remains within the optical fiber. Optical sensors find applications in areas like biomedicine, the military, electrical and magnetic sensing, and more. The

Uploaded by

Agung Podo Moro
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© © All Rights Reserved
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OPTICAL SENSORS AND

THEIR APPLICATIONS

PRESENTED BY
GAURAV PURI
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SUNY AT BUFFALO
[email protected]

TOPICS INCLUDED IN THIS


PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
WHY

OPTICAL SENSORS ?
PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL SENSORS
CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON
SOME INTERESTING APPLICATIONS
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE ?

INTRODUCTION
NEW

REVOLUTION OF OPTICAL
FIBER SENSORS
IT IS A SPIN-OFF FROM OTHER
OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES
SEEING THE POTENTIAL IN
SENSING APPLICATIONS
DEVELOPED AS ITS OWN FIELD

WHY OPTICAL SENSORS


ELECTROMAGNETIC

IMMUNITY
ELECTRICAL ISOLATION
COMPACT AND LIGHT
BOTH POINT AND DISTRIBUTED
CONFIGURATION
WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE
AMENABLE TO MULTIPLEXING
4

OPTICAL SENSOR MEASURANDS


TEMPERATURE

CHEMICAL
SPECIES

PRESSURE

FORCE

FLOW

RADIATION

LIQUID LEVEL

pH

DISPLACEMENT HUMIDITY
VIBRATION

STRAIN

ROTATION

VELOCITY

MAGNETIC
FIELDS

ELECTRIC
FIELDS

ACCELERATION ACOUSTIC
FIELDS

WORKING PRINCIPLE

LIGHTBEAMCHANGESBYTHE
PHENOMENATHATISBEINGMEASURED
LIGHTMAYCHANGEINITSFIVEOPTICAL

PROPERTIESi.eINTENSITY,PHASE,
POLARIZATION,WAVELENGTHAND
SPECTRALDISTRIBUTION

SENSING DETAILS
EP(t)cos[t+(t)]

INTENSITY BASED SENSORS EP (t)


FREQUENCY VARYING SENSORS - P(t)
PHASE MODULATING SENSING- (t)
POLARIZATION MODULATING FIBER SENSING

CLASSIFICATION

EXTRINSIC SENSORS

WHERETHELIGHTLEAVESTHEFEEDOR
TRANSMITTINGFIBERTOBECHANGEDBEFORE
ITCONTINUESTOTHEDETECTORBYMEANS
OFTHERETURNORRECEIVINGFIBER
8

CLASSIFICATION (contd.)

INTRINSIC SENSORS

INTRINSICSENSORSAREDIFFERENTINTHATTHE
LIGHTBEAMDOESNOTLEAVETHEOPTICALFIBER
BUTISCHANGEDWHILSTSTILLCONTAINEDWITHINIT.
9

COMPARISON OF THE TWO TYPES


EXTRINSIC

INTRINSIC

APPLICATIONS-

APPLICATIONS-

TEMPERATURE,
PRESSURE,LIQUID
LEVEL AND FLOW.
LESS SENSITIVE
EASILY MULTIPLEXED
INGRESS/ EGRESS
CONNECTION
PROBLEMS
EASIER TO USE
LESS EXPENSIVE

ROTATION,
ACCELERATION, STRAIN,
ACOUSTIC PRESSURE
AND VIBRATION.
MORE SENSITIVE
TOUGHER TO MULTIPLEX
REDUCES CONNECTION
PROBLEMS
MORE ELABORATE
SIGNAL DEMODULATION
MORE EXPENSIVE

10

SENSOR TYPES
CHEMICAL SENSORS

REMOTE SPECTROSCOPY
GROUNDWATER AND SOIL CONTAMINATION
MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHEMICAL SENSORS
1) PHARMACIA BIOTECH (SWEDEN)
2) FIBERCHEM
3) THE QUANTUM GROUP

TEMPERATURE SENSORS

LARGEST COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SENSORS


RANGE -40 deg C TO 1000 deg C
US-SMALL COMPANIES, JAPAN- HITACHI n SUMITOMO

11

STRAIN SENSORS
FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS (FBG)
TECHNOLOGY
SENSES AS LITTLE AS 9 MICROSTRAIN
NRL and UNITED TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH

BIOMEDICAL SENSORS
SPECTROSCOPIC BIOMEDICAL SENSORS
CO 2, O 2 and pH CAN BE MEASURED
SIMULTANEOUSLY
FLOW MONITORING BY LASER
DOPPLERIMETRY

12

FIBERS OPTHALMOLOGIC APPLICATION

ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC


SENSORS
APPEALING- INHERENT DIELECTRIC
NATURE
LESS SENSITIVE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERFERENCE
SMALL SIZE AND SAFER
THEY ARE ALMOST ALWAYS HYBRID
ABB CORPORATION RESEARCH CENTER

ROTATION SENSOR

BASED ON THE SAGNAC EFFECT


13

TWO TYPES RING LASER GYROSCOPE


(RLG) AND FIBER OPTIC GYROSCOPE
(FOG)
US COMPANIES PURSUING HIGH
PERFORMANCE FOGs (HONEYWELL,
LITTON, NORTHRUP, ALLIED SIGNAL etc.)

PRESSURE SENSORS
EARLIER BASED ON PIEZORESISTIVE
TECHNIQUE
BASED ON MOVABLE DIAPHRAGM
HIGH PERFORMANCE- (POLARIZATION
BASED SENSORS)
OPERATING PRESSURE RANGES FROM 070,000 torr

14

DISPLACEMENT AND POSITION


SENSORS
ONE OF THE FIRST OPTOELECTRONIC
SENSORS TO BE DEVELOPED.
SIMPLE SENSORS RELY ON THE CHANGE
IN RETROREFLECTANCE DUE TO A
PROXIMAL MIRROR SURFACE
ALSO REFERRED AS LIQUID LEVEL
SENSORS

15

APPLICATIONS

MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT

THISSENSORENABLESLOWLIGHTIMAGINGATTVFRAME
RATESANDABOVEWITHOUTTHELIMITATIONSOFVACUMTUBE
BASEDSYSTEMS.
16

NIGHT VISION CAMERA (contd.)


COMPRISES OF :
AMPLIFIED CCD SENSOR
ANTI BLOOMING TECHNOLOGY
CRYSTAL POLYMER SHUTTER
ADVANTAGES :
EXCEPTIONAL DAY LIGHT RESOLN.
IMMUNE TO OVER EXPOSURE
VERY HIGH CONTARAST LEVELS

NO HALOING OR SCINTILLATIONS
17

BIOMETRICS
YOUR FACE, FINGERS AND EYES IN A WHOLE NEW
LIGHT

IMAGECAPTURE

IMAGEPROCESSING
FEATUREEXTRACTION
FEATURECOMPARISON
18

PARTIAL DISCHARGE DETECTION


USES OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS
OPTICALFIBERSENSORSAREBEINGTESTEDFORUSE
INDETECTINGPARTIALDISCHARGESINELECTRICAL
TRANSFORMERS.PINPOINTINGSUCHDISCHARGESIS
ESSENTIALTOPREVENTINGINSULATIONBREAKDOWN
ANDCATASTROPHICFAILURES.

19

LETS TAKE A LOOK AT


THE CHRONOLOGY
OF OPTICAL
SENSORS
20

PUBLICATION AND PATENT


TRENDS

21

GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF
PUBLICATIONS

22

GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN OF
OPTICAL SENSOR PATENTS

23

24

CONCLUSIONS
LOOKING AT THE INDUSTRY TRENDS
IN THE PAST 2 DECADES AND THE
EXPONENTIAL CURVE IT SEEMS TO
ME THAT THERE IS GOING TO BE A
LOT OF RESEARCH AND
IMPROVEMENTS TO THE EXISTING
SENSORS
OPTICAL SENSORS ARE HERE TO
STAY !!!!
25

QUESTIONS ??

26

REFERENCES
Optical Sensor Technologies
www.wtec.org/loyola/opto/c6_s3.html
Measuring with LIGHT
www.sensorsmag.com/articles/0500/26main.html
Optical Fiber Sensors
www.ul.ie/elements/Issue6/Optical%20Fibre%20Sensors.h
tml
Partial Discharge Detection
http://www.photonics.com/spectra/applications/XQ/ASP/a
oaid.328/placement.HomeIndex/QX/read.html
Military and Law Enforcement
http://www.militaryandlaw.com.au/products/l3vision.php

27

Pockels Effect
www.scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Pock
elsEffect.html
Distinctive advantages give optical
sensors the edge over conventional
systems
www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/ 200308/ti-dag081303.php

28

THANK YOU FOR YOUR


PATIENCE AND TIME

29

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