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19 Rules of Logic

This document outlines 19 rules of inference and replacement in logic. The rules of inference include modus ponens, modus tollens, hypothetical syllogism, disjunctive syllogism, and constructive dilemma. The rules of replacement involve logical equivalencies through De Morgan's theorems, commutation, association, distribution, double negation, transposition, implication, equivalence, exportation, addition, and repetition.

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Zahid Quresh
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10K views

19 Rules of Logic

This document outlines 19 rules of inference and replacement in logic. The rules of inference include modus ponens, modus tollens, hypothetical syllogism, disjunctive syllogism, and constructive dilemma. The rules of replacement involve logical equivalencies through De Morgan's theorems, commutation, association, distribution, double negation, transposition, implication, equivalence, exportation, addition, and repetition.

Uploaded by

Zahid Quresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Copi's 19 Rules

RULES OF INFERENCE
Modus Ponens (MP)
pq
p q

Modus Tollens (MT)


pq
~q ~p

Hypothetical Syllogism (HS)


pq
qr pr

Disjunctive Syllogism (DS)


pq
~p q

Constructive Dilemma (CD)


(p q) (r s)
pr qs

Conjunction (CJ)
p
q pq

Simplification (SP)
pq p

Absorption (AB)
p q p (p q)
p (p q) p q

RULES OF REPLACEMENT:
De Morgans Theorems:
(DEM)

~(p q) (~p ~q)


~(p q) (~p ~q)

Commutation:

(p q) (q p)

(COM)

(p q) (q p)

Association:
(ASN)

[p (q r)] [(p q) r]
[p (q r)] [(p q) r]

Distribution:
(DIS)

[p (q r)] [(p q) (p r)]


[p (q r)] [(p q) (p r)]

Double Negation:
(DN)

p ~~p

Transposition:
(TR)

(p q) (~q ~p)

Implication:
(IMP)

(~p q) (p q)

Equivalence:
(EQ)

(p q) [(p q) (q p)]
(p q) [(p q) (~p ~q)]

Exportation:
(EXP)

[(p q) r] [p (q r)]

Addition (AD)
p pq

Repetition:
(REP)

p (p p)
p (p p)

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