Beam Bending Lab
Beam Bending Lab
Background
beams are a very common structural element
the beam idealization works for many situations
beam theory has been presented in several structures classes
Spring 2000
Measurements:
applied tip load or displacement
strains in all elements of rosette gage
strains in any other strain gages
Analysis
determine strain state at rosette gage as function of applied load or
applied tip displacements
estimate the flexural stiffness for loads applied at beam tip
determine if uniaxial stress state is a reasonable assumption
estimate values for E and from strain data
assess validity of Euler-Bernoulli assumptions
Spring 2000
The Experiment
Rosette
Rosette Gage
Gage
Applied
Applied Tip
Tip
Load
Load or
or
Displacement
Displacement
Strain Indicator
Spring 2000
Switching &
Balancing Unit
Setup: measure beam dimensions and distance from tip load point to
center of rosette gage (and any other strain gages)
Test A: apply tip loads and measure rosette strain and any other strain
gage readings
Test B: apply tip deflection and repeat above measurements
AE3145 Beam Bending Lab
Load, P
or
Displacement, d
Xg
h=depth
b=width
Stresses:
Mz y
x =
Iz
where
bh3
Iz =
12
y = h 2
x =
Pxg h
2I z
M z = Pxg
P xg
P xg L
= 6
= 6
A h
A L h
Note: we assume that y = z = yz = xz=0 and that only xy is nonzero (but G= so xy=0 also).
Spring 2000
E
( x + z )
2
1
E
z =
( z + x )
1 2
E
xz
xz = G xz =
2(1 + )
x =
x =
Load, P
or
Displacement, d
Xg
h=depth
b=width
Lateral Deflection:
1 PL3
v( x) =
3 EI
1 x 3 3 x
2 + 2 1
L
L
Tip Deflection
d=
Spring 2000
1 PL
PL
PL L
=4
=
4
Ebh3
EA h
3 EI y
3
Gage A
0
2
4
6
8
4
6
206
403
605
808
406
Gage B
5
605
1207
1803
2401
1204
Gage C
9
-391
-799
-1194
-1594
-794
1
8
1164
2333
3486
4646
2326
2
8
1164
2333
3486
4646
2326
-0.515
-0.583
-0.583
-0.583
-0.582
-0.583
Which
Which princ.
princ. strain
strain
or
or angle
angle do
do you
you
use
to
compare
use to compare to
to
theory?
theory?
Any
Any row
row contains
contains
consistent
consistent results
results
for
a
given
for a given load.
load.
Or
Or do
do regression
regression
analysis
analysis of
of each
each
column
column and
and use
use
these
these results...
results...
3000
2500
Gage A
Gage B
2000
Gage C
1500
Strain
1000
500
0
-500 0
10
Could
Could add
add aa row
row and
and
compute
compute averages
averages of
of
data
for
Load
and
data for Load and
Gages
Gages A-C...
A-C...
-1000
-1500
-2000
Load
Spring 2000
Best approach:
do regression analysis for gage A-C data; intercept is the zero error for
each gage so subract it out (new column)
now compute 1, 2, for each load
do regression analysis on 1, 2, columns; slopes provide the final answer
(output per unit load) to compare with theory
Load
0
2
4
6
8
Use
Use regression
regression
analysis
any
analysis to
to get
get
any
3000
3000
offsets
2500
offsets in
in data
data
2500
2000
(intercepts).
(intercepts). 2000
New A
New B
1
206
407
602
805
4
602
1203
1803
2407
New C
7
-395
-793
-1195
-1598
162
1287
2446
3607
4776
2
-157
-479
-836
-1202
-1564
4000
4000
Gage
GageCC
3000
3000
00
44
66
-1000
-1000
-1500
-1500
-2000
-2000
Load
Load
Spring 2000
Remove
Remove offsets
offsets in
in
data
to
produce
data to produce
88
10
10
New
corrected
New
corrected
data...
data...
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
500
500
22
e1
e1
e2
e2
q
q
5000
5000
Gage
GageAA
Gage
GageBB
1000
1000
00
-0.615
-0.605
-0.600
6000
6000
1500
1500
-500
-500
Compute
Compute principal
principal
strains
strains and
and directions
directions
0.616
for
each
load.
-0.642 for each load.
NOW
2000
NOW run
run final
final 2000
1000
regression
for
regression for 1000
each
each column;
column; 0 00
0
slopes
final
slopes are
are the
the -1000
final
-1000
answer
-2000
answer for
for relation
relation
-2000
between
between load
load and
and
principal
principal strains.
strains.
10
10
Load
Load