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Ultrasonic Sensor

An ultrasonic transducer uses piezoelectric crystals to convert electrical signals to ultrasound waves and back again. It transmits sound above the range of human hearing to detect surfaces and measure distances. The transducer transmits sound and receives echoes that are processed by a digital signal processor to calculate distances based on sound travel time. Ultrasonic sensors can measure distances from 5 cm to 20 m.

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gkarthikeyan
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75 views

Ultrasonic Sensor

An ultrasonic transducer uses piezoelectric crystals to convert electrical signals to ultrasound waves and back again. It transmits sound above the range of human hearing to detect surfaces and measure distances. The transducer transmits sound and receives echoes that are processed by a digital signal processor to calculate distances based on sound travel time. Ultrasonic sensors can measure distances from 5 cm to 20 m.

Uploaded by

gkarthikeyan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME8843

Ultrasonic transducer (piezoelectric transducer)


is device that converts electrical energy into
ultrasound
Upon receiving sound echo (pressure wave)
back from surface, ultrasound transducer will
turn sound waves into electrical energy which
can be measured and displayed
Ultrasound are sound waves above normal
range of human hearing (greater than 20K
hertz).

Advanced Mechatronics, Georgia Tech

ME8843

Since piezoelectric crystal generates voltage when force is


applied to it, same crystal can be used as an ultrasonic
detector
Some systems use separate transmitter and receiver
components while others combine both in single
piezoelectric transceiver
Alternative methods for creating and detecting ultrasound
include magnetostriction and capacitive actuation.
Pulse echo
sensor

Transmit-Receive
sensor

Advanced Mechatronics, Georgia Tech

ME8843

Sound is transmitted through propagation of


pressure in air
Speed of sound in air is normally 331 m/sec at
0oC and 343 m/sec at 20oC for dry air
Digital signal processor embedded in sensor
calculates distance between sensor and object

Advanced Mechatronics, Georgia Tech

ME8843

x = vsound . t
Where Vsound is known, t = 0.5 (time of flight), x is
distance between sensor head and object
Range of sensor varies between 5 cm to 20 m
Sensor is not appropriate for very short distance
measurements
Frequency response (distance measurement
update rate) varies with distance measured
In general, it is about 100 Hz

Advanced Mechatronics, Georgia Tech

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