DOCUMENT RESUME ED 419 437 FL 801 237 AUTHOR Nadell, Judith; Johnson, Beth; Langan, Paul TITLE Vocabulary Basics. ISBN ISBN-0-944210-40-6 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 5a4p. AVAILABLE FROM ‘Townsend Press, Inc., 1038 Industrial Drive, West Berlin, NJ 08053. PUB TYPE Guides - Classroom - Learner (051) -- Guides - Classroom - Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE MF02/PC22 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adult Literacy; Adult Students; *English (Second Language) ; High School Equivalency Programs; Learning Activities; Second Language Instruction; Second Language Learning; skill Development; Teaching Guides; *Vocabulary Development ABSTRACT ‘This book is a guide to teaching English vocabulary to second-language learners. The book is divided into 30 chapters that teach 240 critical words. This vocabulary includes what English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL), adult literacy, and pre-general equivalency diploma students need to get ahead in today's competitive world. The guide's distinctive features include these: (1) an intensive words-in-context approach; (2) abundant and varied practice; (3) a focus on essential words; (4) sensitivity to students’ needs, appealing content; (5) a clear format; and (6) helpful supplements. The guide is one in a series that includes "Building Vocabulary Skills," Improving Vocabulary skills," "Advancing Vocabulary Skills," and Instructors Manual." (JL) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made + * from the original document. +INSTRUCTOR’S EDITION ED 419 437 ) JUDITH NADELL « BETH JOHNSON « PAUL LANGAN =PRONUNCIATION GUIDE ‘Many of the words in this book will be new to you. To help you say (or pronounce) the words, the book gives information after each word. For example, the information for the word labor is (lay-bur). Here is how to use that information with the guide in the box below. 1 To pronounce the / in lay-bur, look for the letter / in the guide. It tells you that the / in labor is pronounced like the / in the simple word let. To pronounce the ay, look under “A sounds” in the guide, You will see that ay is sounded like the ay in the simple word say. The guide also tells you that b sounds like the b in the simple word big, and ur sounds like the ur in fur. 2 You leam that labor is a word made up of two syllables. A syllable (sil-uh-buhl) is a part of a word that can be said by itself. The word har has one syllable. The word labor has two syllables: la and bor. 3 When a word has two or more syllables, one syllable is said a bit more strongly than the others. In this book, the strong, or stressed, syllable is shown in boldfaced letters: lay-bur. 4 Some words of three or more syllables have one syllable that gets a lighter stress. This syllable will be shown in italic letters. For example, the word volunteer is pronounced vol-uhn-teer. The last syllable, reer, is said most strongly, and a bit of stress is put on the first syllable, vol, as well. A sounds Other sounds a(shorta) hat b big, crib ay (longa) say, made, paid ch cheese, catch - ae do, head air Fr, care = | £ fall stuf, laugh aw all, law & give, dog E sounds yt e(shorte) ten j Jump, edge ee (long e) she, feet, these, teacher k kiss, cat, back Tsounds 1 tet, call (short) sit m meet, comb (longi) hi, ice, pie n new, fun, sign, know ihr here, near ng song O sounds p put, tip 0 (short 0) lot r red, dear oh (long 0) go, rope, row, toe s sell uJ be boy ss _kiss, face, yes or for sae ou eataae sh shine, dish, sure t top, hat 00 sounds th thin, bath u(short 00) put, book TH the, bathe 00 (long 00) cool, lose, new, juice v very, have Usounds 7 w way, when uuh (short u) up; about, item, easily, : reason, circus oa yoo (long u) use, cure % zero, has, lose ur fur, teacher zh usualA Preview for Instructors Thank you for your interest in the Townsend Press vocabulary series—perhaps the most widely- used vocabulary books on the educational market today. Our goal in this series has been to produce nothing less than excellent books at nothing more than reasonable prices, About the Book You might look first at the introduction to students (page 1), which immediately makes clear just why vocabulary study is important. Students are presented with a series of reasons for developing a strong vocabulary. The back cover as well convinces students that “a good vocabulary matters"—in school, at work, and in life. Next, you might turn to the preface, starting on page vii, which describes in detail the nine distinctive features of the book. Paging then through the text, you'll see that a second color is used throughout to make ‘material as inviting as possible. You'll note, too, that while each chapter takes up only six pages, those pages contain a great deal of hands-on practice to help ensure that students master each word. And you'll find that the practice materials themselves are far more carefully done, and more appealing, than the run-of-the-mill items you typically find in a skills text. The quality and interest level of the content will help students truly leam the words, without either boring them or insulting their intelligence. Supplements to the Book Adding to the value of Vocabulary Basics, which has a net price of only $7.90, is the quality of the supplements: * An Instructor's Edition, which you hold in your hand. The Instructor's Edition is identical to the student text except that it includes (in italic type) the answers to all of the practices and tests. © A combined Instructor's Manual and Test Bank, free with adoptions of 20 or more copies. This booklet contains a general vocabulary placement test as well as a pretest and a posttest for the book and for each of the five units in the text. It also includes teaching guidelines, an answer key, and an additional mastery test for each chapter. * Compueer disks, which provide additional testing materials for the words in the book. Free with adoptions of 200 or more copies, the disks contain a number of user- and instructor-friendly features: 1) actual pronunciations of each word; 2) brief explanations of answers; 3) frequent mention of the user's first name; 4) a running score at the bottom of the screen; and 5) a record- keeping file. Adopters of the book can obtain any of these supplements by calling our toll-free number, 1-800-772-6410, or by writing or faxing Townsend Press at the numbers shown on page iv. (Continues on next page) ERICKey Features of the Book © An intensive words-in-context approach, Each new word is presented in ten different settings. Practices include sentence-completion activities and high-interest passages. And to develop “ownership” of the new words, students are also asked to use the words in speaking and writing situations. No comparable book gives such sustained attention to the words-in-context approach. « Sensitivity to the needs of basic students. Words and pronunciations are presented in easy-to- understand ways, sentence structure is kept simple, and paragraphs are kept brief. The book’s numerous writing and speaking activities give basic students the extra practice they need to master the new words. And the book uses a friendly, accessible tone that never condescends. © Focus on essential words. A good deal of time went into selecting the 240 words featured in the book. Word frequency lists were consulted, along with lists in a wide range of vocabulary books. A long process of research and discussion resulted in a list of words that students working at a basic level would find most helpful. Varied practice and appealing content. The wide variety of activities keeps students motivated. The lively, realistic, and even humorous practice materials grab students’ attention and enhance learning. A special effort has been made to provide positive and humanistic ‘materials—ones that recognize and even celebrate the goodness in people and in everyday life. A Comprehensive Vocabulary Program There are eight books in the Townsend Press vocabulary series: + Vocabulary Basics (reading level 4~6) * Groundwork for a Better Vocabulary, 2/e (reading level 5—8) * Building Vocabulary Skills, 2/e (reading level 7-9) * Improving Vocabulary Skills, 2/e (reading level 9-11) + Advancing Vocabulary Skills, 2/e (reading level 11-13) * Building Vocabulary Skills, Short Version, 2/e (reading level 7-9) * Improving Vocabulary Skills, Short Version, 2/e (reading level 9-11) © Advancing Vocabulary Skills, Short Version, 2/e (reading level 11-13) Note that the short versions of the Building, Improving, and Advancing books are limited to 200 ‘words, as opposed to the 260 words and 40 word parts in each of the long versions. For some students and classes, the short versions of these books will provide an easier, more manageable approach to vocabulary development.Instructor’s Edition VOCABULARY JBASICS JupiTH NADELL BETH JOHNSON PAUL LANGAN TOWNSEND PRESS — Marlton, NJ 08053Books in the Townsend Press Vocabulary Series: VOCABULARY BASICS GROUNDWORK FOR A BETTER VOCABULARY. 2/e BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS, 2/e IMPROVING VOCABULARY SKILLS, 2/e ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS, 2/e BUILDING VOCABULARY SKILLS, SHORT VERSION, 2/¢ IMPROVING VOCABULARY SKILLS, SHORT VERSION, 2/e ADVANCING VOCABULARY SKILLS, SHORT VERSION, 2/e Books in the Townsend Press Reading Seri GROUNDWORK FOR COLLEGE READING, 2/e KEYS TO BETTER COLLEGE READING TEN STEPS TO BUILDING COLLEGE READING SKILLS, FORM A, 2/e TEN STEPS TO BUILDING COLLEGE READING SKILLS, FORM B, 2 ‘TEN STEPS TO IMPROVING COLLEGE READING SKILLS, 3/¢ IMPROVING READING COMPREHENSION SKILLS ‘TEN STEPS TO ADVANCING COLLEGE READING SKILLS, 2/e Supplements Available for Most Books: Set of Computer Disks (IBM or Macintosh) Copyright © 1998 by Townsend Press Inc Printed in the United States of America ISBN 0.944210.40-6 7 987654321 All rights reserved. No part ofthis work may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, Send requests to: Townsend Press, Inc. Pavilions at Greentree—408 Marlton, New Jersey 08053, Send book orders ‘Townsend Press 1038 Industrial Drive West Berlin, New Jersey 08091 For even faster service, call us at our toll-free number: 1-800-772-6410 (Or FAX your request to: 1-609-753-0649 ISBN 0-944210-40-6Contents Note: For ease of reference, the titles of the reading selections in each chapter are included. Tothe Instructor vii Tothe Student = 1 UNIT ONE Chapter 1 ‘The Nose Knows / Barbie: A Bad Example? 8 Chapter 2 Feeling Blue/ A Late Love Letter. 14 Chapter 3 Ads That Lie/ Horrible Hiccups! 20 Chapter 4 An Upsetting Dream / A King’s Mistake 26 Chapter 5 Be Proud of Your Age! /Making Anger Work for You 32 Chapter 6 How Not to Treat Customers / Stuck in the Middle 38 Unit One Review Activities 44 UNIT TWO Chapter 7 The Joy of Ice Cream/A Noisy Apartment 56 Chapter 8 Nuts in the Senate /Calling Dr. Leech 62 Chapter 9 TVand Violence / Are You Ready fora Pet? 68 Chapter 10 Help for Shy People / Not a Laughing Matter 74 Chapter 11 Taking Risks / Bad Manners Hurt Everyone 80 Chapter 12 Two Different Sisters / How “Honest Abe” Earned His Name 86 Unit Two Review Activities 92 UNIT THREE Chapter 13. Ready to Do Well / Advertising fora Date 104 Chapter 14 The Good and Bad Sides of Malls / As Good As It Looks? 110 Chapter 15 A Belief in Flying / She Tries Before She Buys 116 Chapter 16 Play Now, Pay Later /A Man of Many Faces. 122 Chapter 17 Soaps Are for Me! / Keeping the Customer Happy 128 Chapter 18 A Fake “Cure” / The Jobs Everyone Hates 134 Unit Three Review Activities 140vi Contents UNIT FOUR Chapter 19 A Young Librarian / No More Harm 152 Chapter 20 Is He Man or Machine? / Struck by Lightning «158 Chapter 21 Whose Fault Is It? / Forests Full of Life 164 Chapter 22. An Animal in Danger / The Simple Life of the Amish 170 Chapter 23. Taking a Break with TV / Working and Living Together 176 Chapter 24 The Horror of Hate / Taking Time for Thanks. 182 Unit Four Review Activities 188 UNIT FIVE Chapter 25 A Surprising Change / Just forFun 200 Chapter 26 Little Lies / Rudeness at the Movies 206 Chapter 27. ‘The Truth About Drinking / A Life Out of Balance 212 Chapter 28 Animals Were First / Call Waiting—Oh, No! 218 Chapter 29. A Cab Driver for Now /‘Thoughts at the Mall 224 Chapter 30 The Birth of the American Red Cross / To Spank or Not to Spank? Unit Five Review Activities 236 FOR EXTRA HELP Forming Verb Tenses 249 Making Nouns Plural 252 Limited Answer Key 253 Word List 257 2 3 230To the Instructor In all likelihood, the students you teach have severely limited vocabularies. Some have come to this country as adults, and their day-to-day struggles in an unfamiliar culture have left them little time to acquire more than the most basic vocabulary. Others, although born in this country, have been short- changed by the educational system. Often with undiagnosed or poorly understood learning problems, they were pushed from grade to grade and missed consistent instruction in vocabulary development. Still others received a solid enough education but never developed strong vocabularies because they were raised in homes where television—not reading or conversation—was the favored pastime. In the long run, it makes no difference why your students have limited vocabularies. The results are the same: Self-conscious about their limited vocabularies, students hesitate to take steps on their ‘own behalf—like continuing in school or applying for a better job. Not knowing enough words, they are unable to meet the demands of school and the workplace. Vocabulary Basics provides a practical answer to your students’ vocabulary problem. In the course of 30 chapters, Vocabulary Basics teaches 240 critical words—the words that ESL, adult- literacy, and pre-GED students need to get ahead in today’s competitive world. Here are the book’s distinctive features: 1 An intensive words-in-context approach. Studies show that students learn words best by encountering them repeatedly in different contexts, not through rote memorization. The book gives students a concentrated in-context experience by presenting each new word in seven different settings. Each of the thirty chapters takes students through the following series of steps: ¢ Students start by inferring the meaning of each word as it appears in two sentences. On the basis of their inferences, they choose the closest meaning from three multiple-choice options. * Then, armed with a basic understanding of the new words, students are ready to match each word to its meaning, + Next, they strengthen their understanding of the word by applying it in four different words- in-context practices, including sentence-completion activities and high-interest fill-in-the- blank passages. * Last, to lock in their mastery of the new words, students are asked to come up with thei ‘own endings for eight practice sentences, each of which includes one of the new words. At this point, students will be so comfortable with the words that they will have little trouble using them in this challenging writing-speaking activity. Each encounter with a word brings it closer to becoming part of the student’s permanent word bank. No comparable vocabulary book gives such sustained attention to the words-in-context ° approach. ERIC ‘ 10 vilviii To the Instructor 2. Abundant and varied practice. Along with extensive practice in each chapter, unit tests at the end of every six chapters provide students with three additional chances to work with the words in a unit. By the end of the book, then, students will have worked with each new word ten times, Moreover, Chapters 2 through 30 repeat words from earlier chapters (such repeated words are marked with small circles like this®), allowing for even more reinforcement. Many unit activities—for example, synonym and antonym practices and crossword puzzles—are completely different from those found in the chapters. This variety keeps students motivated and ensures their mastery of the words. All this practice makes it possible for students to learn in the best possible way: by working closely and repeatedly with the new words. No comparable book provides so much and such varied reinforcement. 3. Focus on essential words. A good deal of time went into selecting the 240 words featured in the book. We started by consulting word frequency lists, along with lists in a wide range of vocabulary books. In addition, each of us—as well as our editors—prepared a list of words. A computer was used to consolidate these many word lists. Then a long process of group discussion led to final decisions about the words that would be most helpful for students working at a basic level. 4. Sensitivity to students’ needs. The book gives careful attention to the special needs of basic students, + The simplified pronunciation guide at the front of the book and in each chapter is free of the strange-looking pronunciation symbols that many people, particularly basic students, find so confusing. Instead, easily understood letters and letter combinations are used to show students how to sound out each new word. ¢ Throughout, we have aimed for a tone that is friendly and accessible, but _ne condescending. « Recognizing that basic students often have difficulty processing long sentences and paragraphs, we have kept sentence structure uncomplicated and paragraphs brief. © Whenever a word has multiple meanings (for example, delicate, meaning “easily broken” or “requiring care and skill”), we use the meaning that basic students are most likely to encounter and thus find helpful. (In this case, the meaning “easily broken’ is the one we use.) © Many basic students have difficulty with verbs: they have trouble remembering the correct form of the third-person singular in the present tense and the correct endings of the past and progressive tenses. Their tendency is to omit, respectively, the -s, -ed, and -ing endings. For example, when adding a new verb, such as insist, to their vocabulary, they will often write (and sometimes say), “My friend always insist I drive when we go out,” “Last night, I insist that we buy a new radio,” and “I got tired of insist that my kids clean their rooms.” So in the “Learning Eight New Words” section, whenever a new word is a verb, we usually provide the verb’s base form (insist) in the first sentence and the third-person singular present tense, past tense, or progressive form in subsequent sentences. Through repeated exposure, students become familiar with the correct way to form verbs. To help them even further, we include at the end of the book (see pages 249-251) a chart summarizing the more troublesome verb forms. © To dispel students’ belief that the words in Vocabulary Basics are removed from their everyday lives, we deliberately use the second-person point of view in many of the book's activities and passages, Seeing unfamiliar words in material that refers to “you” helps students see the relevance of the words to their own lives. liTo the Instructor ix * Finally, the last activity in each chapter and in each unit review encourages students’ ownership of the words even further. These activities ask students to use the new words when writing and speaking. Indeed, what better way is there for students to “own” a new word than to use it on paper or in conversation? However, basic students are often at a loss when asked to write or say a sentence using a new word. Throughout the book, then, we provide considerable help when it’s time for students to generate their own material. For example, the last activity in each chapter has students devise only endings for pa sentences already containing the new words. Such a structured approach gives students the help they need to get moving in the right direction. Similarly, the final activity in each unit review provides students with help as they get ready to create their own sentences—this time, from scratch. In this instance, we provide suggested topics that students can draw upon when writing or saying their sentences. Consider, for example, our item for the word comfortable: “Using the word comfortable, write or talk about a time you made someone feel relaxed and at ease. Perhaps you invited a new neighbor to dinner, took the time to show a coworker around on the first day on the job, or helped a relative feel less nervous about going into the hospital.” If students were simply told “Make up a sentence using the word comfortable,” they might come up with something like this: “I feel comfortable in my English class.” Of course, such a sentence doesn’t demonstrate students’ understanding of the word. Comfortable could mean “upset” or “angry” or “bored.” Our suggestions encourage students to generate sentences that show they truly understand the new words. Some students may follow our suggestions closely; others may use our suggestions to spark topics of their own, In either case, our “prompts” help students write or say sentences that demonstrate their genuine understanding of the new words. 5 Appealing content. Dull practice exercises work against learning, while relevant, lively, even humorous materials grab students’ attention and enhance learning. For this reason, we put considerable effort into creating activities and passages with widespread appeal. Throughout, we have tried to make the material enjoyable for teachers and students alike. Look for a moment at the sentences on pages 10 and 28, and at the reading passages on pages 12, 30-31, and 42. When field-testing the material, we found that students especially enjoyed the often playful quality of the “Showing You Understand the Words” activity (see pages 11 and 17, for example). 6 Clear format. Vocabulary Basics has been designed so that its very format contributes to the learning process. Each chapter consists of three two-page spreads. In the first two-page spread (see pages 8-9), students can easily refer to all eight new words when completing the matching activity. In the second two-page spread (see pages 10-11), students can refer to a box that shows all eight words while working on the “Adding One Word” and “Adding Two Words” activities. In the third two-page spread (see pages 12-13), they can cross out the words in the box when filling in the blanks in the reading passages. The book's format is equally attentive to the needs of the instructor. For instance, to facilitate grading, including use of the Scantron, students can mark answer spaces with the letter of the word or with the word itself. 7 Helpful supplements. An Instructor's Edition containing answers to all the activities and the student book as well as teaching guidelines is available at no charge to instructors adopting the text. Also available is a computer disk containing additional tests for each vocabulary chapter; these tests feature actual Pronuncigons of the words éx To the Instructor 8 Realistic pricing, While Vocabulary Basics is comprehensive enough to serve as a primary text, its modest price ($7.90 net) also makes it an inexpensive supplement in basic reading, writing, pre-GED, and ESL classes. 9 One in a sequence of books. Vocabulary Basics is the most fundamental book in the ‘Townsend Press vocabulary series. It is followed by Groundwork for a Better Vocabulary (a slightly more advanced basic text), Building Vocabulary Skills (an even more advanced basic . text), Improving Vocabulary Skills (an intermediate text), and Advancing Vocabulary Skills (an advanced text). There are also short versions of the last three books. Suggested reading levels for the books are included in the Instructor’s Manual. Together, the books create a comprehensive vocabulary program that will make any student a better reader, writer, and thinker. . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A number of people provided valuable assistance as the three of us worked on Vocabulary Basics. Our thanks go to Susan G. Hamson, whose word-processing abilities eased the demands of the project. Eliza Comodromos assisted at the very end by fine-tuning some of the questions and activities. Susan Gamer helped by drafting several sets of lively practice materials and by proofreading the completed manuscript. We appreciate as well the extraordinary design, editing, and proofreading skills of the multi-talented Janet M. Goldstein. Final thanks go to Carole Mohr, co-author of the other books in the Townsend Press vocabulary series. Her rigorous and insightful editing identified the changes that were needed to make the book as helpful as possible to ESL, adult-literacy, and pre-GED students. Judith Nadel Beth Johnson Paul LanganTo the Student WHY A GOOD VOCABULARY MATTERS At one time or another, you have probably heard someone say, “It’s important to have a good vocabulary.” Wanting to be polite, you may have agreed. But perhaps you really wanted to ask, “Why is having a good vocabulary important?” Here are five reasons why. Knowing a lot of words makes it easier for you to understand others and for others to understand you. Have you ever had trouble following what someone else was saying? Maybe you found it hard to understand a television news report. Perhaps you could not understand a doctor’s instructions for completing a medical form. Maybe you could not figure out what family members meant when they talked about an election. If you are like most people, you probably got upset when you didn’t understand what was being said, It can also be difficult to tell others what you are thinking and feeling when you don’t know enough words. Maybe the words will not come when you are writing a letter to a sick neighbor. Perhaps you have a hard time explaining to relatives why you were hurt by something they did. Maybe you have trouble telling friends why you are so excited about your new apartment. As your vocabulary gets larger, you will not have to work so hard to understand others— or to make others understand you. That, in turn, will make your life much easier. A good vocabulary is the key to understanding what you read. If you don’t know enough words, you are going to have trouble figuring out the meaning of what you read. One or two words whose meanings you don't know may not stop you. However, if there are many words you don’t know, it will be hard for you to understand what you read, With a strong vocabulary, you will get more out of newspapers, magazines, books—or anything else you want to read. A large vocabulary can help you score higher on tests. Vocabulary is an important part of many tests—for example, the GED exam, college entrance exams, armed forces tests, and job placement tests. Why is that? It’s because the people who make up these exams know that vocabulary helps measure what you already know and how easily you can lean new information in the future. The more words you know, the better you will do on these exams. 44 ;2 To the Student 4 A solid vocabulary will help you do better in school and at work. Knowing many words makes you a better reader, writer, speaker, listener, and thinker. These are the skills you need to do well in the classroom and on the job. In school, having a good vocabulary helps you understand your textbooks, classmates, and teachers. And in the world of work, a good vocabulary counts as never before. More and more, workers are being asked to change jobs and learn new skills. Knowing how to learn quickly is the key to doing well in this fast- changing world, A good vocabulary makes it easier for you to understand new ideas so you can get ahead on the job—and stay there. 5 A strong vocabulary helps you believe in yourself. Sometimes people who don’t have large vocabularies feel they don’t have what it takes to do well in today’s world. They may sit quietly in the back of the classroom, nervous about joining in. They may hear about an interesting job opening but be afraid to apply. Having a strong vocabulary helps you feel you have what it takes to make your life better. In other words, having a strong vocabulary helps you build confidence. What is confidence? It is the belief that you can do things you used to think you would never be able to do. Now you know why it is so important to have a good vocabulary. The next few pages tell how this book will help you build a strong vocabulary—one that can unlock doors that used to be tightly closed. HOW VOCABULARY BASICS IS DIFFERENT FROM OTHER BOOKS The way most books try to build vocabulary is by asking students to memorize lists of words. But people usually forget memorized lists quickly. To learn a word really well, you must see and use it a number of times. Vocabulary Basics gives you the chance to use the new words in each chapter seven different ways. By the end of each chapter, you will easily remember what the new words mean because you will have used them so many times. UNDERSTANDING THE BOOK AS A WHOLE Inside Front Cover and Contents By filling in the blanks below, you will understand how the book is organized. First, turn to the inside front cover. As you can see, the inside front cover provides a chart called Pronunciation Guide This chart will help you figure out how to say the vocabulary words in the book. Next, turn to the Table of Contents on pages v-vi. There are __thirty chapters in the book and a unit review after every six__ chapters. At the end of the last unit review, there are four short sections. The first section shows how to form verb tenses. The second gives information on making nouns plural The third section is a Limited Answer Key The fourth section is a list of the words in the book. us 15To the Student 3 UNDERSTANDING EACH CHAPTER Now it’s time to tum to the first chapter in the book, on pages 8-13. This chapter, like all the others (except for the unit reviews), has seven parts. Each part is described below. 1. Learning Eight New Words The first part of the chapter (see pages 8-9) is called “Learning Eight New Words.” The left-hand column lists eight boldfaced words. Underneath, you are shown how to say, of pronounce, each boldfaced word. For example, here is how to say agreement, the first word on page 8: uh-gree-muhnt. (Remember: for help on how to say the new words, see the guide on the inside front cover.) After showing how to say the boldfaced word, the chapter gives the word's part of speech. What part of speech is agreement? It is a noun. The vocabulary words in this book are mostly nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns are words used to name something—a person, place, thing, or idea. The words boyfriend, city, hat, and truth are all nouns, Adjectives are words that describe nouns, as in the following word pairs: old boyfriend, large city, red hat, whole truth. Many of the words in this book are verbs, words that show action. They tell what someone or something is doing. The words ask, buy, drive, learn, and sing are all verbs, To the right of each boldfaced word are two sentences that will help you understand its meaning. And below the sentences are three possible meanings for the boldfaced word. From among the three choices, you select the answer that has the closest meaning to that of the boldfaced word. In each sentence, the other words near the boldfaced word—the contexr—will give clues that help you figure out the meaning of the boldfaced word. ‘There are four kinds of context clues: examples, words with similar meanings, words with opposite meanings, and the meaning of the sentence as a whole. Each kind of context clue is described below. ¢ Examples A sentence may have examples that help explain the meaning of the boldfaced word. For instance, take a look at the following sentence (from Chapter 1) and note how the examples (in italics) help explain the meaning of the word agreement: After fighting for hours, the little girls made an agreement 10 share their toys. The sentence gives an example of an agreement—sharing toys. To figure out what agreement means, think about the example. What would it mean if two children said they would share their toys? Now look at the three answer choices below. On the answer line to the left, write the letter of the answer you think is right. __ Agreement means a. fight b. question ¢. promise The examples make it clear that the two girls have made a promise to each other, soc is the correct answer. © Words with Similar Meanings Words with the same or almost the same meaning are called synonyms (sin-uh-nimz). For example, the words joyful, happy, and pleased are synonyms because they all mean about the same thing. Synonyms often give clues about the meaning of a nearby unknown word. Look at 164 To the Student the following sentence (from Chapter 1) and note how the synonym (in italics) helps explain the meaning of the word prepare: Last year, I prepared all kinds of interesting dishes for our holiday dinner. But this year, I’m going to relax and let someone else make the meal. Instead of using prepare again in the second sentence, the writer uses the synonym make. Now choose the letter of the right answer. Prepare means a. get ready b. watch c. leave Since both prepare the meal and make the meal mean “get the meal ready,” answer a is correct. * Words with Opposite Meanings Words with opposite or almost opposite meanings are called antonyms (an-toh-nimz). For example, help and hurt are antonyms, as are work and rest. Antonyms can help you figure out the meanings of new words. How? By giving the opposite meaning of an unknown word, an antonym makes it easier to figure out what a new word means. Look at the following sentence from Chapter 1 and note how the antonym (in italics) helps explain the meaning of the word cancel. Then look at the three answer choices below and select the best answer. I had planned to see the doctor today, but I feel so much better that I think I will eancel my visit there. Cancel means a, remember b. not doas planned —_c. get ready for The sentence says that the writer had planned to see the doctor but now will cancel the visit. You can guess, then, that cancel has the opposite meaning of plan to. So b is the correct answer. © The Meaning of the Sentence as a Whole Sometimes there is no example, synonym, or antonym in a sentence. But even without these clues, you can figure out what a boldfaced word means by studying the meaning of the sentence as a whole, For example, look at the following sentence (from Chapter 1) and see if you can decide on the meaning of the word flexible simply by studying the rest of the sentence: The new lamp next to my bed has a long neck that is so flexible it can be moved any way I want. _— Flexible means a, able to bend b. real c. heavy It's clear that the neck of the new lamp must be able to bend in different ways. So a is the correct answer. As you go through the “Learning Eight New Words” sections, look closely at the two sentences given for each word and at the answer choices. As you figure out the meaning of each word, you are doing what's needed to understand and remember the word. Working with the word in this way and seeing how it is used in a sentence are the keys to completing the rest of the chapter. 17To the Student 5 2. Matching Words with Meanings The second part of the chapter (see page 9) is called “Matching Words with Meanings.” Often it is not enough to see how a word is used in a sentence. To understand a word fully, most people need to see the meaning, or definition, of the word. The matching activity gives the meaning of each new word, but it also makes you look for and think about each meaning. This is the best way to learn and remember a word. Now look at the Be Carefiul note that follows the matching activity. This note reminds you that you should not move on to the rest of the chapter until you are sure that you know the correct meaning of each word, 3. Adding One Word to an Item The third part of the chapter (see page 10) is called “Adding One Word to a Sentence.” This section, with eight sentences, gives you a chance to show how well you understand the new words. After placing one word in each sentence, be sure to check your answers in the Limited Answer Key at the back of the book. Checking your answers will help you see if you really know the words. If you do, you are ready to complete the rest of the activities, for which answers are not given. 4. Ade The fourth part (see page 10) is called “Adding Two Words to a Sentence.” This activity is a bit more fo fs fz fact fortunate le fs la > le la humble identify 7 3 E lo ls bs > le o R iT U experience N A T E leisure motivated lp la fe a lo Le fz > negative Ip + | oppose produce hk fp fe & |e bes le lo protect = ks refer ze Pb tension be fe fn vacant zs ilpleini rir lp kan fe le bp bY y xlplele ls N volunteer ls fb fe & bb & [xe c ACROSS 5. Anervous feeling 7. Someone who works or helps for no pay 8. To keep safe 11, Something true; something that can be proved 12. Not thinking too highly of oneself 14. The ending of something 15. To speak briefly about someone or something Sure; without doubt Limited to just one; exact; particular 23. To find out exactly who someone is or what something is 24. Anything someone has seen or lived through DOWN 1. Done every day; happening or appearing every day 2. Bad; without anything good; not positive 3. Interested and excited about doing something 4, Lucky 6. To be against something 59 9. 10, 13 16, 18, 19, 20. 2 Empty; not being used To think that something is true or likely to be true ‘To keep people’s interest with something happy or enjoyable To show that something is important To make people want to do something that is not good or right Free time (for rest or fun) To make; to bring about To say someone has done something wrongUnit 1 Review Activities 47 Choosing the Best Word to Complete an Item On the answer line at the left, write the word that best completes each item. claimed. 1. The TV show . 2... that a photo of Elvis had been found on the moon a. delayed b. claimed . prepared agreement 2. My wife and I cannot come to an. . 2. . about whether to spend the holidays with her parents or mine. a. agreement b. experience c. event tempt 3. The promise of money can .. ?. . people to do things they know are not right. a tempt b. emphasize ¢. oppose specific 4, Lcannot remember the . . ?.. time that the train will arrive, but 1 know it will be in the afternoon. a. humble b. specific . motivated opposed 5. The people in town... ?. . the government's plan to build a garbage dump near their homes. a. opposed b. satisfied ©. protected attack 6. Unlless they are angry or afraid, wolves will not. . ?. . a human being. a. cancel b, emphasize , attack rival 7. In movies made years ago, there was always a handsome hero in love with a beautiful young woman. But the hero had a. . ?..—a bad guy who wanted the young woman for himself. a, leisure b. rival c. fact embarrassed 8. Jeanne was . .?. . when she learned she had fallen asleep in class and had snored loudly. a. precious b. embarrassed ¢. curious event 9. The most important. . 2. . in “our family this year was my grandmother's wedding, a. talent b. event ¢. conclusion inspired 10. Elena’s new vocabulary skills have . her to read more and to be less shy about talking in class. a, protected b. inspired c. claimed daily 11. To keep up with the news, I read the ..?. . newspaper. But my husband sticks to Time magazine, which comes out only once a week. a. daily b. humble c. negative talent 12. My son seems to have a real . for the trumpet. Just two weeks after he started lessons, he could play several songs very well. a. conclusion b. talent c. rival (Continues on next page) 6048 Unit 1 Review Activities ____original___ 13. I keep coming up with boring ideas for decorating the apartment, but my roommate has several . . ?. . thoughts about what we can do. a. original b. negative c. public prepare 14, To ...?... for an exam, don’t wait until the last minute. Start studying well ahead of time. a. accuse b. prepare c. identify tension 15. To deal with ...?.., you may find it helpful to exercise. A long walk can make you feel less worried and less nervous. a. tension b. fact . agreement entertained 16. Brenda didn’t find the movie at all interesting, but it. . 2. . Omar greatly. He thought it was really funny. a. entertained b. emphasized c. protected curious 17. Small children are . . 2. . about everything. They are always asking questions like “Why is the sky blue?” and “Why can’t dogs talk?” a. pleasant b. flexible . curious delayed 18. The people waiting for the subway started to groan when they heard that bad weather had. .?.. all the trains for at least thirty minutes. a, motivated b. delayed c. attacked odor 19. The . . 2. . of garbage rotting in the hot sun makes me sick to my ‘stomach, a. odor b. talent c. tension ____experience__ 20. Skydiving is said to be an exciting ..?.. , but Iam in no hurry to try it. a. experience b. agreement . conclusion emphasizes 21. When your teacher. . ?. . something by writing it on the board, be sure to get the point down in your notebook. a, protects ». cancels c. emphasizes fortunate 22. Even though his car was destroyed in the accident, James felt because he was able to walk away without a scratch. a. fortunate b. specific c. negative humble 23. People who win awards often say they feel “proud but .. 2...” They want to get across the idea that winning hasn't made them feel like big shots. a, humble b, flexible c. logical leisure 24. Tony likes to read. Whenever he has a moment of .. 2... he grabs book and finds a nice, quiet spot to read a, leisure b. conclusion «. talent Seore Choosing the Best Word to Complete an Item _—__ Namberright: 24 = 100%, 28 =96%, 22 =92%, 21 = 88%, 20 = 839%; 19 = 19%, 18 = 1%, 17 = 715, 16=67%, 15-63%. 14 SH, ° 12= 50%, 11 = 46%, 10= 42%, 9-388, 8=33%, 7=79%, 6 =25%, 5-215, 4= 17%, 3= 19%, 2=8%m | Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart onthe inside back cover of the Book, a 61Unit 1 Review Activities 49 Adding a Word to an Item PARTA Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once. a. accuse d. identify g. produces j. satisty b. cancel e. negative h. protect k. suggest c. fact f. precious i. referred |. volunteer produces 1. The factory where my wife works... . vacuum cleaners. densify 2. Ihave a tune running through my head, but I cannot . . 2. it, I don’t know what it’s from. volunteer 3. When I was growing up, my mother ran our house like the army. Looking me squarely in the eye one day, she said, “I want a..?.. to clean the kitchen—you.” cancel 4. “Treally hate to. . ?.. my appointment,” Mimi told the dentist. “But 1 just cannot come. I cannot find a baby sitter.” referred 5. I felt angry and hurt when my teachers... . to my older sister as the best student they had ever had. protect 6. To. .?... the furniture while the living room was being painted, we covered everything with sheets. suggest 7. When the toaster did not work, my daughter said, “Dad, 1..?.. you try plugging it in.” precious 8, Of all the things you own, what is the most . .?. . to you? What is so important to you that you would be very upset if you lost it? accuse 9. Do not... . me of forgetting the tickets! You were the one who was going to bring them! Sack 10. Itis a. . 2. that February is the shortest month of the year; no one can argue about that negative 11. Gordon’s feelings about his new job are very ..?.. . Even though he hasn’t started working yet, he expects to dislike the job, to be bored, and to do badly. satisfy 12. One sandwich did not . .?.. Li’s hunger, so he ate two more. Then he felt full. (Continues on next page) 9° ERIC 6250 Unit 1 Review Activities PARTB Complete each item below by writ word once. ————— a. benefit d. flexible |. j. Suspected b. conclusion e. logical . k, unusual 1g one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each c. definite f. minor |. vacant | conclusion 13. The .. 2. . of the movie was terrible. At the end, the good guys died and the bad guys went free. Slexible. 14. A good fishing pole must be strong but . . It has to be able to bend without breaking. vacant 15. One apartment on our floor has been . . ?.. . for months. No one wants to rent it because it’s too noisy. It's right next to the elevators. pleasant 16, The new restaurant is very . . 7. . . It has good food, soft lights, and friendly service. suspected __17. Because my brother found cake crumbs outside my bedroom door, he that I was the one who had eaten the last of his birthday cake. logicat 18. When Janice has a problem, she doesn’t make decisions based on her feelings. Instead, she is highly . . ? . . and thinks carefully about what she should do. motivated 19. After listening to the coach's pep talk, the players were so... 2. . that they felt they could beat the best team in the state. unusual 20. As a rule, I go to bed at 10:00 p.m. It is... . for me to be up for the 11:00 news. definite 21. Itis..?... My insurance will cover my hospital stay. minor 22. When you are studying a textbook chapter, underline the most important ideas but not the . .?. . points. benefit 23. Our school would . . 2. . from two things: a new gym and a better library. public 24, The garden behind the bank is a. . ?. . area. It’s open to everyone, not just to people who work at the bank. | Seores Past A (Adding a Word) % Part B (Adding a Word) Number sight in each part: 12= 100%, 11 = 92%, 10 = 83%, 9 = 75%, 8 = 61%; 7 = S8%, 6 = 50%, 5 = 42%; Ener your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart onthe inside back cover of the Book. . 63 17%, 1 = 85Unit 1 Review Activities 51 Finding the Same or the Opposite Meaning PART A. In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that correctly completes each sentence. In most cases, the correct answer will have the same or almost the same meaning as the boldfaced word. ~<_ 1. A young man accused two teenagers of stealing. That means the young man a. joined the two teenagers in stealing. b. told the two teenagers about the stealing c. said the two teenagers had stolen something. -b_ 2. Ifa teacher cancels a class, that means the class a, will cover important material. b. is called off. c. will meet as always c_ 3. If friends say that their plans to move to a new home are definite, that means a, the plans are not clear yet. b. the plans will change c. the plans will not change. a_ 4. Ifa history teacher tests you on the facts of the Second World War, you need to know a. what actually happened during the war. _b. why your teacher is so interested in the war. c. what might have happened if the fighting had ended earlier. -@_ 5. | would like to identify the beautiful flowers in my neighbor's garden. In other words, I would like to a. find out what kind of flowers they are. _b. plant the flowers. c. take the flowers. b_ 6, If acompany produces candy, that means it a. buys candy and then sells it to people b. makes the candy. c. wraps the candy for the candymaker. -a_7. If my boots protect me from the rain and snow, they a. keep out the wet and cold. b, leak, so that my feet get wet and cold. ¢. need to be replaced. a_ 8. If you refer to a trip you took, you a. speak of the trip. b. tell your friends not to take the same trip. c. say you will go someplace else next time. a_ 9. If I say that one scoop of ice cream satisfies me, I mean that a. one scoop is enough for me. b. having one scoop will not be enough for me. c. [ would rather have a doughnut. 2.10. If I suggest a school project to my children, I a. give them some ideas to help them get started. b. do much of the project for them ¢. tell them they should not come to me for help. £1. If you suspect that two relatives sometimes lie, you a. know for sure that they lie b, know for sure that they never lie. c. think that they lie, ERIC 64 (Continues on nex page)52 Unit 1 Review Activities _b_12, When people work as volunteers, they a, receive a large paycheck, c. get a paid two-week vacation. PART B In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that is the opposite of the boldfaced word. 213 ela. c IS. 16, 7. a 18 b19. £20, 421 2.23. b 24. Example: The opposite of up is a. before . The opposite of benefit is a. hurt The opposite of conclusion is a. work The opposite of flexible is a, funny . The opposite of logical is a. not feeling sad . The opposite of minor is a. very dry . The opposite of motivated is a. bored ‘The opposite of negative is a, pretty The opposite of pleasant is a. warm . The opposite of precious is a. not worth much . The opposite of public is a. straight The opposite of tension is a, relaxation The opposite of vacant is a. cheap b. b. work without pay. under uy end sunny not fattening very important . hungry . good quiet . not friendly . private . noise in use c. ©, down laugh . beginning . stiff . not making sense . very dirty happy . bad . not nice - not smart sweet unhappiness falling apart [Number right in each part 12 Scores _ Part A (Same Meanings) % 100%, 11 = 92%, 10= 83%, 9 = 75%, 8 = 67%, Part B (Opposite Meanings) = 58%, 6= 50%, 5= 42%; 4= —s] 15%. 2= 11%, 1 = 8% 1, Enter Your scores above and in the vocabulary performance char on the inside back cover of the Book: 65Unit 1 Review Activities 53 Using the Words When Writing and Talking The items below will help you use many of the words in this unit on paper and in conversation. Feel free to use any tense of a boldfaced verb and to make a boldfaced noun plural. (See pages 249-251 and 252.) 1, Using the word agreement, write or talk about a time that you and someone you know solved a problem by making a promise to one another. For example, you and your roommate might have promised to split up household jobs, or you and a neighbor might have promised not to play your radios late at night. 2. Using the word attack, write or talk about a time when someone or something tried to harm you. It could be that a neighbor's dog tried to bite you, a schoolyard bully wanted to beat you up, or some angry bees tried to sting you 3. Using the word claim, write or talk about a time you heard someone say something was true but you know the person could not prove it. Perhaps you heard someone making big promises on a TV commercial or during an election. 4, Using the word curious, write or talk about someone who wants to Iearn more about things. It might be a child who asks lots of questions or an adult who has returned to school to get more education, 5. Using the word daily, write or talk about something you do every day that makes you feel good. It t be drinking a cold glass of orange juice every morning or taking a warm shower before going to bed. 6. Using the word delay, write or talk about something you will do—but not right away. Tell why you are waiting until later to do it. It might be cleaning your closet, taking a course, changing your job, or ending a relationship. 7. Using the word embarrassed, write or talk about a time when you or someone you know felt silly because of something that happened in front of other people. Maybe you tripped when you walked into a fancy restaurant or your closest friend forgot to invite you to your own surprise birthday panty. 8. Using the word emphasize, write or talk about one thing that parents should tell their children is important. Perhaps you think parents should tell kids it is important to have good manners, stay away from drugs, do well in school, or be kind to others. 9. Using the word entertain, write or talk about a movie, play, concert, or TV show that you have enjoyed 10. Using the word event, write or talk about a special happening that you look forward to, It might bea. company picnic, a trip to an amusement park, or a visit from a favorite relative. 11. Using the word experience, write or talk about a time in your life that you will always remember. Maybe it was your first day of school, a stay in the hospital, a wonderful vacation, or a scary plane ride, 12. Using the word fortunate, describe something in your life that makes you feel thankful. You might feel lucky to have a special friend, a job you like, or a home that brings you happiness. ERIC - 66 (Continues on nes page)54 13. 14, 15, 16. 17. 18, 19, 20. 21 22, 23, 24. Unit 1 Review Activities Using the word humble, write or talk about one person you know who doesn’t brag and doesn’t think highly of himself or herself, even though that person has good reason to be proud. The person could be a relative, friend, neighbor, classmate, or teacher. Using the word inspire, write or talk about a time that someone got you interested in doing something you had never tried before, Maybe a relative got you excited about camping, or a person on a TV show gave you the idea to try oil painting. Using the word leisure, write or talk about how you like to relax during your free time. Perhaps you like to walk, read, or take naps. Using the word odor, write or talk about a place you try to stay away from because it smells bad. You might describe a garbage dump or a kitchen where food you do not like is being cooked. Using the word oppose, write or talk about a time you were against what someone was doing. You might have been against your best friend’s leaving a job or against a relative’s speaking unkindly of a neighbor. Using the word original, write or talk about a time you came up with an idea that no one else had thought of before, Maybe you came up with a new recipe for chili or a new way of getting a job done at work. Using the word prepare, write or talk about something you do to get ready for class. Perhaps you sharpen your pencil, read your notes, or study your homework. Using the word rival, describe two people who feel they have to beat each other in some sort of contest. You might have two friends who always try to get better grades than each other, or maybe you have two relatives who always try to beat each other in games Using the word specific, write or talk about a certain kind of music, TV show, or movie that you dislike a great deal. Using the word talent, write or talk about someone who has a special skill. The person might dance beautifully, play a sport well, or tell good jokes, Using the word tempt, think of a magazine advertisement or TV commercial that makes you want to do something you know you should not do. Maybe an ad makes you want to buy a car that costs too much or eat something that isn’t good for you. Using the word unusual, write or talk about something that would be strange if it happened in the middle of the summer—for example, the temperature dropping below zero or snow falling heavily.Unit Two Chapter 7 Chapter 8 aware distressed ability glance constant modern create gratitude devour occasion damage introduce discover popular failure labor Chopter 9 Chapter 10 avoid intend approach —_ numerous excuse normal damp helpless sociable ignore include struggle loyal Chapter 11 Chapter 12 capable opportunity allow careless resist comfortable furious reverse distract observe _ tradition insulting 68CHAPTER distressed 7 modern occasion MW = popular Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word’s meaning. 1 aware (uh-wair) —adjective ¢ Aware means 2 constant (kon-stuhnt) adjective @_Constant means 3 devour (di-vou-ur) —verb b_Devour means 4 discover (diss-kuh-vur) = verb ¢ Discover means 5 distressed (diss-trest) ~adjective b_Distressed means ° ERIC 5s ¢ The warnings on the radio made everyone aware of the dangerous icy roads. © Even though Mr. and Mrs. Patel were aware that their children were planning an anniversary party, they acted as if they knew nothing about a, sad b. ashamed c. knowing ¢ Because there are three teenagers in our family, the phone is in constant use, All night long, I hear the constant sound of a dog barking outside my window. a. never-ending b. quiet c. sad © I want to devour the last piece of chocolate fudge cake myself before anyone else has a chance to eat it. ° By accident, my family devoured the cherry cheesecake that I had made for my girlfriend’s graduation. a, make b. eat quickly c. save for later It took my four-year old sister only minutes to discover a secret hiding place in my new apartment. © Not long ago, scientists discovered a two-thousand-year-old ship sitting on the bottom of the ocean. a, lose b. sell c. find © The kitten, crying loudly from the top of the tree, was too distressed to move. © The workers were distressed after hearing that the factory would close and they would lose their jobs. a, full of energy b. upset c. up-to-date 636 modern (mod-um) ~ adjective a_Modern means 7 occasion (uh-Kkay-zhuhn) noun b_Occasion means 8 popular (pop-yuh-lur) = adjective Popular means Chapter 7 57 Instead of using modern machines, the Amish prefer old-fashioned machines pulled by horses. Dad doesn’t like modern music. He would rather listen to music written thirty years ago. a, up-to-date b. broken down ¢. strong Halloween is a great occasion for most children. Tom hates to dress up. Even on special occasions like birthdays and anniversaries, he wears jeans and sneakers. a, regular day b. special time . boring time The Beatles and Elvis Presley are among the most popular performers of all time. Eva is liked by her teachers and is also popular with her classmates. a. healthy b. not known c. well-liked Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words. Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 discover 2 occasion 3. aware 4 constant s. devour 6. modern 7. popular 8. distressed To find something for the first time; to come upon something A time when something takes place, often something special; an event Knowing about something; having knowledge Never stopping; always happening; happening again and again To eat quickly and hungrily Of the present time; up-to-date; not old-fashioned Liked by many people Very upset; troubled BE CAREFUL: Don't go any further until you know the answers above are correct. Then you can use the meanings to help you in the following activities. After a while, you will know the words so well that you won't need to check the definitions at al. ral)58 Chapter 7 Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once, a. aware c. devour e. distressed g. occasion b. constant d. discovered f. modern h. popular devour 1. It took Greg's dog only thirty seconds to... . a full bow! of food. distressed 2. Sara’s little sister was . . ?. . when her pet snake died. modern 3. To look up the meanings of new words like “software” and “hard drive,” you need a good . .?.. dictionary. occasion 4, The last time I saw Aunt Bonita was at a very special .. 2. . her daughter's wedding. discovered 5. Phil was happy the day he. .?. .a shortcut to work. aware 6. Since Steve had missed class, he was not. . ?.. . that his teacher had changed the day for the final exam, constant 7. Small children can tire a parent with their . questions ike “Why doesn’t the sky fall down?” and “Why does it get dark when I close my eyes?” popular 8. The restaurant runs out of taco salad almost every day. It’s the most 2. .dish on the menu Adding Two Words to an Item Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left. Use each word once. > a. aware c. devour e. distressed g. occasions b. constant d. discovered f, modern h. popular ___popular___}~-2, The World Series and Super Bowl have become so . that many occasions Americans watch them together as if they were important family . . ? constant 3-4. Because of my .. 7. . hunger for sweets, I can quickly . .?. . a whole devour box of chocolate-chip cookies. _—___modern 5-6... ?.. medicine has . . 2. . cures for many diseases that used to kill discovered people. euvare 7-8. Because we hid in the trees, the animals were not... 2. . of us and distressed never got frightened or. . ? 71Chapter 7 59 Showing You Understand the Words PARTA In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. _¢_ 1. Which of the following should you be aware of before diving into a swimming pool? How much the pool cost b. What the pool is made of c. How deep the pool -4_ 2. Which of the following would you want to discover in your living room? a. A bag of trash b. A fifty-dollar bill c. A roll of bathroom tissue -£_ 3. You would probably be distressed if someone told you that a. you had won the lottery. b. your neighbor has two sisters. c. you did not do well on a test. b_ 4. If you are using a modern tool to add up numbers, you probably are using a. pencil and paper. b. acomputer. c. your fingers. PARTB In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. _2_ 5. One thing that is constant in everyone’s life is, a. going to sleep and waking up. b. making a lot of money. c. doing well in school. c_ 6. Acat would probably devour a. a ball of string, b. alarge dog. c. ajuicy mouse. c_7. Most people think it is a special occasion when a. they drive to work every morning. b. they get a bad cold. c. they turn twenty-one. _b_ 8. Which of the following foods is the most popular with children? a. Spinach b. Pizza c. Coffee 1260 Chapter 7 Adding Words to a Reading A. The Joy of Ice Cream Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. devour b. modern c. occasions d. popular For hundreds of years, people have enjoyed ice cream. No one is sure when people first started to (1). devour. the frozen treat. But paintings show an icy dessert being enjoyed as far back as the twelfth century. Ice cream as we know it became (2) popular among the rich and powerful in Europe during the 1500s. King Charles I of England liked ice cream so much he made a law which said that it could be served only at his table. He even said that he would have his chef’s head cut off if the chef gave his secret ice-cream recipe to anyone. To Charles, the food was much too precious? (0 share. In the United States, too, ice cream was eaten on special (3). occasions by the country’s richest people. George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison were all big fans of the frozen dessert. However, ice cream did not reach the rest of the nation until 1845. At that time, a New Jersey woman made a hand-held ice-cream maker. Thanks to that machine, ice cream in the (4), modem. world is, not just for kings and presidents. Now it’s for all of us! B. ANoisy Apartment Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. aware b. constant c. discover d. distressed ‘When Carla decided to move out of her parents’ house, she thought it might be hard to find a nice apartment for a low rent. So she felt fortunate® to (5). discover a clean and pretty little apartment that was not too expensive. Within a week of moving, in, though, she was not so happy. When she had rented the place, she had not seen how close it was to the train tracks. Soon she became very (6). aware of the noise from the trains. In fact, the noise was almost (7) constant because trains went roaring pas -veral times every hour, day and night. At first, Carla was really (8). distressed She even thought about moving. But she decided to stay six weeks to see if she could get used to the noise. Little by little, she did. Now the noise 73Chapter 7 61 does not bother her at all. When friends ask, “How can you bear that noise?” she answers, “What noise?” Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them on paper and in speaking. Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what each boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before writing it down and saying it out loud. 1, I became aware that I had overslept when Answers will vary. 2. Throughout the two-hour class, I heard the constant sound of 3. From the way most people devour ice cream, it is clear that 4. After I moved into my new home, I 5. At the 200, animals become so distressed in their cages that 6. I like the modern look of 7. A family occasion I will never forget was 8. If you go into a school playground, you can usually tell right away who the most popular kids are. All the other children Scores Aang One Wort unten #8 Sing You Unrsand we Wonk Ag Two Worstanton ——% Aang Woo Reng = | Number right: 8 = 100%, 7 = 88%, 6= 75%, 5 = 63%, 4 = 50%, 3 = 386, 2= 25%, 1 = 13% Enter your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover af the book. Enlc ee ACHAPTER =e aoa ability glance | 8 create gratitude | damage troduce | failure labor Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word’s meaning. 1 ability * Many animals, such as cats and deer, have the ability to see at night. (uh-bil-i-tee) ° When my teacher saw me in the school play, she said I had the ability to ee be a good actor. _b_Ability means a, feeling of thanks b. special power ©. wish 2 create ° Children like to create drawings that their parents can put up on the (kree-ayt) refrigerator. ere © Starting with a ball of gray clay, I created a small bow! that I liked a lot. _b_Create means a. study b. make . Took at quickly 3 damage © Even though the accident was not bad, there was a lot of damage to (dam-ij) Julia's car. noun © Damage caused by the hurricane was so great that many people could not find their homes. _¢_Damage means a. hard work b. danger ©. harm 4 failure © The dinner that Rashid cooked for Janelle was a failure. Everything was (fayl-yur) burned to a crisp. oon © When she was turned down for the job she wanted badly, Betsy felt like a failure, _¢_Failure means a. something that b, something that —_c. something that doesn’t works easily works well turn out well 5 glance © The sun is so bright that if you just glance at it, you can hurt your eyes. (glanss) © Instead of reading the directions carefully, Leon simply glanced at the verb box before trying to put the toy together. _a_Glance means a. look quickly. listen carefully c. keep from looking ERIC « 75Chapter 8 63 6 gratitude * Because of his gratitude for my working overtime, the boss gave me an (grat-uh-tood) extra day of vacation. =noun * When friends help you or do you a favor, it’s good to show them gratitude for what they did. _b Gratitude means a. anger b. thanks ©. worry 7 introduce + As soon as the moving van leaves, we will go next door and introduce (in-truh-dooss) ourselves to our new neighbors. ~verb ° Someonee introduced Jenna to me in kindergarten, and we have been friends ever since. _£_Introduce means a, sell something b. not agree c. meet someone for to someone with someone the first time 8 labor © The beautiful tablecloth is the result of months of my grandmother's (lay-bur) labor. noun © It will take a full day of labor to clean out the garage. _£_Labor means a. space b. quiet c. hard work Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words, Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word, i gratitude A feeling or showing of thanks; thankfulness 2. damage Harm; injury ability The skill or power to do something 4. labor Hard work 5 introduce ‘To make one person known to another for the first time 6. create To make something; to bring something into being 7 glance To look at something quickly; to take a fast look at something 8 failure Someone or something that does not turn out well; someone or something that fails BE CAREFUL: Don't go any further until you know the answers above are correct. Then you can use the meanings to help you in the following activities. After a while, you will know the words so well that you won't need to check the definitions at all64 Chapter 8 Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the lef, Use each word once. a. ability e. glanced g. introduce b. create {. gratitude h, labor gratitude 1, After I shoveled her walkway, my neighbor was so happy she gave me a hug to show her... ? ability 2. On TV and in the movies, Superman has the . . ? . . to fly. glanced 3. Even though we only . . ? . . at the bedroom set in the store window, we knew right away that it was the one we wanted. damage 4, Every year, insects that eat wood cause millions of dollars of .. 2... in homes across the country. Sailure 5. Asa dancer, Lama... because I can’t move my arms and legs at the same time. introduce 6. Atthe party, I will... . you to my cousin. I think you will like her. labor 7. It took thousands of workers and many years of hard . . ?.. . to build the Pyramids in Egypt create 8. Chang used several boards to..?..a desk. Adding Two Words to an Item Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left. Use each word once. a. ability c. damage e. glance g. introduced b. created d. failure 1. gratitude h, labor labor 1-2. After many hours of .. 2. . in the kitchen, Paul’s sister... 2... some created wonderful cookies—and a big mess, ___ability _ 3-4, Because of his doctor’s great..?.., the .. ?.. to my father’s heart damage could be repaired. introduced 5-6, When Jamal . . ?... his parents to his teacher, they told her how much gratitude ..?.. they had for the extra help she had given their son. glance 7-8. I had only to. . 2. . at the bookcase I had made to know that it was a failure .?...Not one of the shelves was straight 77Chapter 8 65 Showing You Understand the Words PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. _b_ 1. Which of the following might you glance at? a, A song on the radio b. Your watch to see the time c. A movie you want to see _b_ 2. You would probably feel gratitude if someone a, smashed your new car, b. bought you a nice present. c. gave you a bad haircut. _b_ 3. You might need to b a. your brother and sister. b. the parents of a new friend. _e_ 4. Which of the following would take a lot of labor? a, Watching TV b. Picking up a pencil c. Moving a heavy couch PART B In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question -b_ 5. Someone who writes children’s books must have the ability to a, sew quickly. b. tell a good story. c. get along with people. _ 6. Which of the following is needed to create a sandwich? a. A glass of milk b. A napkin c. Two slices of bread a_ 7. On farms, insects cause crop damage by ig plants that grow in the field. b. crawling into living rooms. c. buzzing loudly. a. e -<_ 8. Which of the following would make many people fee! like a failure? a. Winning the lottery b. Moving to a beautiful new apartment c. Getting fired 7866 Chapter 8 Adding Words to a Reading A. Nuts in the Senate Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. created b. failure c. glanced d. introduced On a cold winter day in 1921, an interesting event? took place. A man spoke to the United States Senate about something he thought was very important: peanuts. The man’s name was George Washington Carver. When the senators found out what he came to talk about, at first they laughed. But that did not stop Carver or make him feel like a a. failure Carver, an African-American scientist, believed so much in peanuts that he wanted the Senate to pass laws to help farmers who grew them. After someone (2)___introduced ____ him to the senators, Carver showed them many interesting things. He began with several items that he had (3), created out of peanuts—dye, soap, wood stain, and gravy. Next, he handed out paper made from peanut shells, shaving cream made from peanut oil, and rubber made from the nut itself. But he saved the best for last, Just as Carver's time was almost up, one of the senators asked, “What is the brown stuff in the jar you are holding?” Carver 4) glanced at the man and smiled. Opening the jar, he let the senators smell and then taste what was inside. Much to their surprise, the “brown stuff” smelled good and tasted even better. By the end of the day, the Senate had passed the law Carver wanted, and the nation had begun its love affair with—you guessed it—peanut butter! B. Calling Dr. Leech Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. ability b. damage c. gratitude d. labor When the ear of seven-year-old Jimmy Taylor was nearly torn off by a dog, the doctors didn’t know if they could help. They spent hours trying to repair the (5), damage . But after all their (6), labor . Jimmy's ear was not getting better. Instead, the blood in his ear began to dry up, and the ear puffed up and turned blue. The doctors knew that Jimmy would lose his ear unless they acted quickly. So they decided on an unusual? treatment that is not often followed today but was widely used hundreds of years ago. They decided to use leeches, bloodsucking worms that live in ponds and lakes. In the mouth of a leech are juices that have the (7), bitty to break up dried-up blood, letting the blood 73rushed to the hos Chapter 8 67 flow freely again. The blood then helps the problem area get better. Six leeches were ital to feed on the dried-up blood in Jimmy’s ear. The doctors made small holes in the skin of Jimmy's ear and placed the hungry leeches at the holes. After just a few hours, the ear turned a pink, healthy color. It was clear that Jimmy's ear would be saved. Did Jimmy show any (8) gratitude to his wormy helpers? Not really. When he found out that it was leeches that had saved his ear, all he could do was make a face and say, “Yuck!” Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them on paper and in speaking. Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what each boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before writing it down and saying it out loud. 2. Children often create a mes: 1. wish I had the ability to Answers will vary. the house by 3. After the flood, damage was so widespread that 4. Parents can help their children not feel like failures by 5. Ina restaurant, if you glance many times at the food that people at the next table are eating, they 6. One way to show gratitude to others is 1. To introduce two people to each other, all you have to do is say something like, “ 8. It took days of labor to ERIC Scores Adding One Word to an Item % — Showing You Understand the Words % Adding Two Words to an Item % Adding Words to a Reading Number right: 8 = 100%, 7 = 88%, 6= 75%, 5 = 63%, 4 = 50%, 3 = 38%, 2 = 25%, | = 139% Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book. ; 80CHAPTER 9 avoid intend excuse normal helpless sociable include struggle Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word’s meaning. 1 avoid (uh-void) verb b Avoid means 2 excuse (eks-kyooss) noun a_Excuse means 3 helpless (help-liss) = adjective _b Helpless means 4 include (in-klood) verb ¢_Include means 5 intend (in-tend) —verb c_Intend means © One way to stay healthy is to avoid foods with a lot of sugar and fat. © Steven avoided getting stuck in a traffic jam by taking another road to get to work. a. get closer to b. keep away from c. enjoy © Cora’s excuse for not handing in her homework was that it had gotten wet in the rain. ¢ Instead of saying that he did not want to go to the party, Bill made up an excuse about having a bad cold. a. reason b. happy time . question Newbom babies are completely helpless. They need adults to do everything for them. ¢ When I broke my hip, I was helpless for six weeks. I could not even get myself something to eat. a, not able to b. not able to take ¢. not very see well care of oneself well known © The new band will include a drummer, a singer, and a guitar player. * Pedro’s costume for the Halloween party i purple wig, and a long black cape. cludes a rubber mask, a a, be without b. stay away from c. be made up of © After working outside in the hot sun for hours, I intend to go home and take a cold shower. Greg intended to spend his paycheck on a nice vacation, but then his car broke down. a, forget b, hate c. plan 816 a a b 8 normal (nor-muhl) — adjective Normal means sociable (soh-shuh-buhl) ~ adjective Sociable means struggle (struhg-uhl) noun Struggle means Chapter 9 69 © The parents were happy to learn that their little boy's fear of the dark was normal. * The normal time for the class to begin is 9 a.m., but today we will meet at llam. a, usual b, strange c. easily hurt * Eric is shy and doesn’t like parties, but his sister is very sociable. * The store wants to hire a sociable person to say hello to customers as they walk through the door. a. quiet b. friendly c. angry ° Rita did well in her English course, but the class was a real struggle for her at first. * It is a struggle to work and go to school at the same time. a, boring time b. easy time ¢. difficult time Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words. Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 excuse intend avoid sociable struggle helpless normal include A reason, often not true, why something happened To plan to do something To stay away from someone or something Friendly; enjoying the company of others A hard and difficult time Unable to take care of oneself Usual; regular To be made up of; to have within itself BE CAREFUL: Don’t go any further until you know the answers above are correct. Then you can use the meanings to help you in the following activites. After a while, you will know the words so well that you won't need to check the definitions a all. : 8270 ‘Chapter 9 Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once. a. avoided c. helpless e. intended g. sociable b. excuse d. includes f. normal h. struggle intended 1, The teacher had. . 2... to give a test on Friday, but then she saw that half the class was absent. helpless 2. Many people feel. . ?. . at fancy restaurants. They always need to ask their friends what they should order and how much they should tip. avoided 3. When Bill caught the flu, his friends . . ?. . him so they wouldn’t get sick, too. _____sociable___4. Because Eva is so... ?. . , she wants a job where she will work with people. excuse 5. Sira’s for not going to basketball practice was that she couldn't find her sneakers. normal 6. A... workday runs from about 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. includes 7. To Joanne, a weekend is not perfect unless it. . ?. . sleeping late, seeing friends, and going to a movie. struggle 8. It was a.. 2... for Thien to save enough money to bring his parents to this country. Adding Two Words to an Item Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left. Use each word once, a. avoid c. helpless e. intend g. sociable b. excuse d. includes f. normal h. struggle avoid 1-2. In order to. .?. . hurting Bruno’s feelings, Rosa made up an... ?. . to excuse explain why she was not able to go to the movies with him, normal 3-4. A..7.. day ata fast-food restaurant . . 2... getting covered in grease, includes ‘getting burned by hot ovens, and being yelled at by customers. intend 5-6. helpless sociable struggle 7-8. Before going to the city next weekend, I. ?. . to buy a map and a guidebook. Without them, f would feel lost and ..?... For .. 7. . people, speaking in front of crowds is often easy. But for shy folks, talking to large groups can be a real .. ? QQ‘Chapter 9 71 Showing You Understand the Words PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. _e_ 1. If you were really tired, you would probably want to avoid a. relaxing in front of the TV. b, going to bed early. c. going out to a party. a2. You might try to find an excuse if you a, forgot your best friend's birthday. b. fixed your neighbor's roof. c. came to work on time. <_ 3. You would probably feel helpless if you were a, at home with your family. . ata party with friends. c. lost in a strange city. _b_ 4, Which of the following would it be normal for you to see in a grocery store? a. People playing basketball b. Bananas on a shelf c. A can of soup stuck to the ceiling PARTB In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the _b_ 5. Which of the following should a good winter outfit include? a, Sandals, a bathing suit, and sunglasses b. Warm boots, a thick jacket, and a wool hat c. Sneakers, a pair of jeans, and a T-shirt _¢_ 6. If two people intend to make up after a fight, they will a. continue to find fault with each other. b. never speak to each other again. ¢, say they are sorry. _b_ 7. A sociable person would probably a. have trouble making friends. b. look forward to a neighborhood party. . be nervous about talking to an old friend. a_ 8. It would be a struggle for people who love chocolate to a. turn down a slice of chocolate cake. b. eat all of a chocolate candy bar by themselves, c. enjoy a hot fudge sundae. 8472 Chapter 9 Adding Words to a Reading A. TV and Violence Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. avoid b. excuse c. includes d. normal ‘| Would you want someone teaching your kids how to be mean and hurtful? That is often what happens when kids watch television. Today’s most-watched TV shows are filled with violence and crime. And no one watches more of these shows than America’s kids. In a (1). normal week, many children sit in front of the TV set for more than twenty-seven hours. By the time kids finish grade school, they have seen over 100,000 acts of people using force to cause harm. This number (2) includes more than 8,000 killings. By the time kids graduate from high school, they will have spent more time watching TV than sitting in the classroom or talking with their fami 8. The effects of watching this much TV are scary. Studies show that when kids watch people fighting and shooting each other, they are more likely to be violent themselves. True, in the modern® world, it is hard for kids to (3), avoid watching TV. But that is no (4), excuse for parents to let their kids watch whatever they want. If parents find that their ids are watching one violent show after another, the adults must act. What should they do? They should get up, turn off the TV, and help the kids find better ways to spend their time. B. Are You Ready for a Pet? Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill word once. each blank with a word from the box, Use each a. helpless b. intend ©. sociable d. struggle If you (5). intend to get a pet, make sure you know what you are doing. A new pet may be cute, but it also means lots of work. Puppies, for example, are friendly, (6), sociable animals. They like to be around people, but they also like to chew things. And to them, it does not matter whether they are chewing your kitchen table or your leather jacket. Teaching puppies not to destroy things and be housetrained can be a long, hard (7) struggle that lasts for months. Kittens also can make life difficult. Those sweet little animals scratch everything in sight. 85Chapter 8 73 In no time, a kitten’s sharp claws can rip a new sofa apart, causing damage® that cannot be fixed. What about smaller pets such as goldfish? They may not take as much everyday work as dogs and cats, However, fish often get sick, and they are completely oo) helpless if they jump out of their tank. The time and money you spend at the vet’s office can really add up. For all the fun and friendship pets give, they are also a lot of work and expense. Keep that in mind before you bring one home. Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them on paper and in speaking. Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what each boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before writing it down and saying it out loud. 1, People often avoid the supermarket on weekends because Answers will vary. 2. Most children are good at finding excuses for 3. Lused to feel helpless when 4. My favorite singers include 5. Ina few years, I intend to 6. Itis normal for teenagers to 7. The monkeys at the zoo are so sociable that 8. It was a struggle for me to learn how to Scores Adding One Word to an Item % — Showing You Understand the Words % Adding Two Words to an Item % Adding Words to a Reading ey Number right: 8 = 100%, 7 = 88%, 6 = 75%, 5 = 63%, 4 = 50%, 3 = 3866, 2= 25%, 1 = 139% Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER approach numerous 1 0 damp previous ignore require = loyal timid Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word's meaning. 1 approach * As you approach a stop sign, slow your car down and get ready to stop. (uh-proheh) © The man on the corner approached us and said, “Do you have any extra = verb change?” _¢_Approach means a, go away from b. need c. come near 2 damp * At the ocean, clothes often feel sticky and damp. (damp) * I got angry when I saw my roommate’s damp, dirty socks on the table. adjective _b_Damp means a. clean b. abit wet c. good-smelling 3 ignore + It is hard to ignore the smell of delicious food when you are really (ig-nor) hungry. ~ verb ¢ When Ruby ignored her little girl's question, the child shouted it loudly. _b_Ignore means a. know b. pay no attention to c. need 4 loyal * I read about a dog in England who was so loyal to his owner that after (loi-uhl) the man died, the dog went to his grave every day. ~ adjective + No matter how many games they lose, Connie is loyal to her favorite baseball team. ~a_Loyal means a. faithful b. mean c. helpful 5 numerous * On aclear evening, you can see numerous stars in the night sky. (noo-mur-uhss) ° Although Mr. Colon has numerous reasons why he has not stopped ~ adjective smoking, none of them is a good one. _¢_Numerous means a. afew b. ugly . lots of “I Enlc~ 8‘Chapter 10 75 6 previous © It's hard to understand what's going on in a TV soap opera if you (pree-vee-uhss) haven't seen the show the previous day. ~ adjective © Robert married a woman who had two children from a previous marriage. _b Previous means a, next b. earlier . favorite 7 require © Many jobs today require employees who know how to use a computer. (ri-kwii-ur) © When we went camping, we couldn’t take our three dogs with us in the = verb van. They require too much space. —€ Require means a. send away b. do without c. need 8 timid ° On the first day of kindergarten, most children in the class were too (tim-id) timid to speak. ~ adjective ° Itis hard for a timid person to talk in front of a group. 4 Timid means a, fearful b. noisy c. old Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words. Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 loyal Ready to stand by or stand up for someone; faithful 2. numerous Many 3. _____previous__Earlier; happening before something else 4, damp A little wet; moist 5 require To need something 6. ____approach___ To come close or closer to someone or something 7 ignore To pay no attention to something 8. timid Shy BE CAREFUL: Don't go any further until you know the answers above are correct. Then you can use the meanings to help you in the following activites, After a while, you will know the words so well that you won't need to check the definitions at all76 Chapter 10 Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once. a. approached c. ignored e. numerous g. require b. damp d. loyal . previous h. timid | previous Steve is a truck driver now. In his . . 2 . . job, he was a cook in a restaurant. damp After Mona played basketball, her clothes were ..?. . with sweat. loyal Although he was born in another country, Akira is so... ?. . to the United States that he joined the Army. approached The Halloween trick-or-treaters put on their masks as they .. 7. . each house. numerous . The school offers... . art classes, including watercolor painting and cartoon drawing. ignored . Betty ..?.. what the doctor told her to do and ended up so sick that she missed work for a week. require To feel rested, I... . seven or eight hours of sleep each night. tir Most people feel a bit . . ?. . at parties where they don’t know anyone. Adding Two Words to an Item Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left. Use each word once. a. approached c. ignores e. numerous g. requires | b. damp d. loyal f. previous h. timid | loyal 1-2. Lawrence is always .. 2... to his friends. He ..?. . anything bad he ignores hears about them and pays attention only to the good things. requires 3-4, Tonya’s new hairstyle ..?. . a lot of work, The hair has to be set on damp big rollers while it is still. ?. . from being washed. numerous, 5-6. I gave ..?.. reasons why I couldn’t sing in the choir, but the real timid reason was that I was too . . ?. . to try out. approached __7-8. When I was out in the yard, my new neighbor . . ? . . me to ask if I previous knew the... ?.. owner of her house well eo ERIC 89Chapter 10 77 Showing You Understand the Words PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. _a_ 1. Which of the following might feel damp against your bare feet? a, Grass in the early morning b. A bath towel that was never used c. A sidewalk on a sunny day b_ 2. If you plan to get numerous things done this weekend, you will probably be a, sleeping all weekend. b. busy all weekend. c. lazy all weekend, a_ 3. If you used to be a waiter, now are a painter, and plan to become a circus clown, which is your previous job? a. A waiter b. A painter c. Aclown b_ 4. If you are timid, which of these would be hard for you to do? a, Wash the dishes b. Give a speech in front of strangers c. Carry a heavy package PART B In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. _a_5. When people approach the ticket booth at a movie theater, they probably a. have just arrived at the theater. b. have already seen the movie. c. are ready to leave the theater. _b_ 6. A man on the comer asked people for some money. Which of the following people ignored him? a. A woman who gave him fifty cents b. A couple who walked past without looking at him c. A teenager who said “Get a job!” _c_ 7. When a football team does badly, a loyal fan a. boos them and says, “Get off the field, you jerks.” b. hopes they lose games. c. keeps cheering for them. _b_ 8, If anewspaper ad says a job “requires heavy lifting,” anyone applying for the job a, will not be asked to do any lifting. b. needs to be strong. c. doesn’t need to be strong. Enlc 9978 Chapter 10 Adding Words to a Reading A. Help for Shy People Read the following paragraphs carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. damp b. numerous c. require d. timid Many people are a little shy. In fact, probably everyone feels shy once in a while, But some people are so (1). timid that it makes their lives difficult. For them, making everyday conversation—even with people they know—can be a struggle?, And the thought of speaking to a stranger makes their hands (2) damp with sweat. Being so shy gets in the way of having friends or doing well at school or on the job. Many adult-education schools offer courses to help shy people. Shy people 2) require practice in talking to strangers. So the teacher of such a course may ask students to speak to class members they don’t know. Students are also given (4) numerous tricks for getting over their shyness. For example, they might be told to think about a friend who is outgoing and friendly; then they make believe they are that person and try to act as he or she would. Students also are given interesting assignments to do at home. One assignment might be for students to start a conversation with someone they don’t know but have always wanted to meet. After a while, the students in these classes learn to relax, make friends, and enjoy life more. B. Not a Laughing Matter Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. approached b. ignored c. loyal d. previous ‘| The other day, I had lunch with a group of friends from work. My friend Patty, who recently remarried and has two children, was in the group. While we were eating, one of the men said something mean about his ex-wife. Some people Iaughed, but Patty ©). ignored what he said. A little later, he made another mean joke about his ex-wife. Then he (6), approached Patty and said, “What about you? Tell us about your (7), previous husband. What kind of jerk was he?” Patty replied, “My ex-husband and I had our problems. But I am not going to make ‘ GiChapter 10 79 fun of him just so you can have a laugh. I married him because he’s a good guy in many ways, We had a couple of wonderful kids together. Our marriage is over, but I still feel (8) toyat to him, I don’t want him laughing about me with his friends, And I do not intend? to laugh at him either.” Everybody at the table was quiet. We quickly started talking about something else. There were no more dumb jokes that day about an ex-husband or an ex-wife. Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them ‘on paper and in speaking. Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what each boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before writing it down and saying it out loud. 1. I would not like to approach Answers will vary. 2. When it is damp outside, older folks often feel 3. When children ignore what their parents tell them, 4, When people are hospitalized, a visit from a loyal friend makes them 5. Students give numerous reasons why 6. One of the vocabulary words in the previous chapter was 7. For me, a good party requires 8. I sometimes feel timid when Seores Adding One Word to an lem % — Showing You Understand the Words % Adding Two Words oan lem % Adding Words to a Reading % Number right: 8 = 100%, 7 = 88%, 6 = 75%, $ = 63%, 4 = S0%, 3 = 38%, 2 = 25%, 1 = 139% Enter your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book. 92CHAPTER capable opportunity 1 l careless resist furious reverse observe tradition Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word's meaning 1 capable * Only the most capable runners should try a twenty-six-mile race. (kay-puh-buhl) © Of all the people who applied for the job, Maya was the most capable, ~ adjective so she was hired. _a Capable means a. having skill ». not ready ¢. not careful 2 careless + Each year hundreds of fires are started by eareless smokers. (kair-luhss) * The careless painter splashed drops of paint all over the carpet. P pel — adjective _b Careless means a, intelligent b. not careful c. cheerful 3 furious * People who cannot control their tempers often become furious over (fyoo-ree-uhss) small problems. — adjective * My parents were furious when I tracked mud all over the clean kitchen floor just before their guests arrived. _¢_ Furious means a. helpful b. quie c. angry 4 observe * Mirrors hanging high in the comers of the store let the owner observe (uhb-zurv) people who might be stealing. ~ verb * The lifeguards at the pool closely observed the kids in the water. _€_ Observe means a.m b. copy c. watch 5 opportunity © Because of his excellent grades, Kevin has the opportunity to go to a (op-ur-too-nuh-tee) top-rated college. noun * Sheila’s job gives her the opportunity to meet many interesting people _£ Opportunity means a. problem b. habit c. chance 33Chapter 11 81 6 resist * Many people are strong and can resist a hot fudge sundae topped with (ri-rist) whipped cream, nuts, and a cherry. I’m not one of those people. ~ verb ° The children resisted sleep as long as they could. Then they went to bed. _b_ Resist means a. answer ¥y no to . invite 7 reverse * As a little girl, I liked to reverse the order of dinner and start with (ri-vurss) dessert. verb ° My father likes to reverse our home movies so that it looks as if everyone is walking backward. _¢_Reverse means a. say loudly b. keep c. turn around 8 tradition * It is a Latin American tradition to have a special party on a girl's (tcuh-dish-uhn) fifteenth birthday. = noun © Two traditions in the United States are watching fireworks on the Fourth of July and eating turkey on Thanksgiving. _4 Tradition means a. handed-down way b. law ¢. difficult time of doing something Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words. Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 epportunity A chance to do something that will probably lead to good things 2, ____eareless__ Paying little or no attention; not careful 3. furious Very angry 4. resist To keep from doing something 5. _____obsewe __To see and pay attention to something 6. tradition A special way of doing something that is passed down from older to younger people; a custom 7. capable Having the skill to do something; able & reverse To turn something around; to go in the opposite direction BE CAREFUL: Don’t go any further until you know the answers above are correct. Then you can use the meanings to help you in the following activities. After a while, you will know the words 50 well chat you won't need to check the definitions at all82 ‘Chapter 11 Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once, a. capable c. furious @. opportunity g. reversed b. careless d. observes 1. resist h, tradition furious 1. Research shows that people who often become . . ?. . have more heart problems than those who are slow to anger. reversed 2. At first, Mom said I could not borrow the car, but then she ..?. . her decision and gave me the keys. careless 3. Even good students can become . . ? . . if they rush to get their work done. capable 4. Dolphins and bats are . . ?. . of hearing sounds that people cannot hear. tradition 5. For many children throughout the world, Halloween is a day to wear masks and tell ghost stories. This scary 2... is believed to be hundreds of years old. observes 6. The school principal . . 2. . a different classroom every day, just to see how students and teachers are doing. resist 7. Since I don’t really love candy, I can easily ..? «it opportunity 8. Hector takes every . . 2... to spend time with his children. He tries to get them up every morning and to put them to bed every night. Adding Two Words to an Item Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left. Use each word once. a. capable c. furious e. opportunity g. reverses b. careless d. observe f. resist h. tradition _____reverses__ 1-2. Although she doesn’t eat meat, Donna . . ?. . her position every tradition Thanksgiving. Following ..?. . , she has turkey with stuffing. ____2pportunity __ 3-4. Without thinking, Andrew turned down an . to see the President furious of the United States in person. Now he is . . ?. . at himself. ___capable___5_6. Most people are . . ?. . of keeping their weight down if they exercise resist often and. . 7. . fatty foods. observe careless 7-8. When you are driving on the highway, you must . . ? . . everything around you. It takes only one... ?. . mistake to cause an accident. 95Chapter 11 83 Showing You Understand the Words PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question, _a_ 1. Which of the following behaviors would make you furious? a, Someone breaking into your mailbox b. Someone enjoying a meal that you cooked c. Someone walking down your street _a_ 2, If you are baby-sitting, it would be your job to observe a. the children you are taking care of b. the food in the refrigerator. c. the neighbors next door. _¢_ 3. If you are looking for a job opportunity, you probably a. will not look at the “Help Wanted” ads in the newspaper. . are happy with the job you have now. . are not happy with the job you have now. _b_ 4, If you want to save money, which of these activities should you resist? a. Working overtime b. Going shopping at the mall c. Playing basketball PART B In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence. _¢_ 5. Capable students usually a. live one block from school. b, are good-looking. c. do well in school. a_ 6. A person who is careless might a. spill some coffee. b. drink some water. c. share a Tunch, b_7. A fifteen-year old girl was upset because her parents said she couldn’t date until she was 16, However, her parents just reversed what they said earlier. This means that the girl a. still can’t date until age 16. b. can date now. c. can date only boys who are sixteen years old, b_ 8. In the United States, it is a tradition on birthdays to a. paint eggs different colors and put them in baskets. b. have a cake with candles on it. c. eat fish for dinner. ERIC 9884 Chapter 11 Adding Words to a Reading A, Taking Risks Read the following paragraphs carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. [ a. capable b. observe ¢. opportunities d. resist Taking risks in life can make us feel good about ourselves. All of us should try something new—even something scary—every once in a while. Each of us is a), capable of taking chances, but we often don’t. Instead, we sometimes let good (2), opportunities pass us by because they seem a bit too risky. Maybe we don’t apply for an exciting new job because we are not sure we can handle it. Perhaps we delay® returning to school because we are afraid that the work will be too hard. Maybe we walk away from a relationship because it is becoming more important than we had planned. If you G3). observe yourself getting frightened by something new and different, that is all the more reason to face it head-on and not run away. Finding that you have the strength inside to overcome your fears will make you feel proud of yourself. You will begin to feel that you have what it takes to get through even the difficult times. So if you want to move ahead in life, with your head held high, don’t (4), resist making a change or taking a chance. Go for it. B. Bad Manners Hurt Everyone Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. careless b. furious c. reverse d. tradition Many people these days don’t have good manners. Acting as though they are the only people in the world, they are (5) careless about the feelings of others. These selfish people ignore® other people’s feelings—they pay attention only to their own wishes. They push their way into lines, blast their homs at other drivers, and play loud music late at night when their neighbors are trying to sleep. Such rude behavior makes most of us (6), furious . Sadly, though, it has gotten to the point where nicely asking people to act more politely can be dangerous. You never know if, someone will turn against you violently. It is time to turn things around. It is time to 97Chapter 14 85 O. reverse all this bad behavior. We need to go back to the (8) tradition of caring about our fellow human beings, Paying attention to our manners is a good place to start. Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them on paper and in speaking. Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what each boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before writing it down and saying it out loud. 1. Only the most capable students will Answers will vary. 2. Careless driving leads to 3. Many people get furious when 4. Iwas lucky that my neighbor observed our house when 5. I would like the opportunity to 6. Inthe grocery store, I try to re 7. Lused to think that spring was the best time of year. But then I reversed myself, and now I think that 8. One of my favorite family traditions is Scores Adding One Word to an Item % — Showing You Understand the Words % Adding Two Words to an Item % Adding Words toa Reading % Number right: 8 = 100%, 7 = 88%, 6 = 75%, 5 = 636, 4 = 50%, 3 = 38%, 2= 25%, 1 = 13% Enter your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book. 98ERI C CHAPTER 12 allow persist comfortable respect distract sensitive insulting wonder Learning Eight New Words In the space at the lefi, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word’s meaning, 1 allow (uh-low) verb _b_Allow means 2 comfortable (kuhm.-fur-tuh-buhl) —adjective @_Comfortable means 3 distract (iss-trakt) verb ¢_Distract means 4 insulting (in-suhtt-ing) ~adjective _£_Insulting means 5 persist (pur-sist) = verb b_ Persist means 86 * Some schools will allow students to wear shorts on days when the weather is very hot. * Jay’s parents allowed him to go to the mall after he did his homework. a. hate b. let c. stop ° When Brian first met his girlfriend’s parents, he was nervous, but now he is comfortable with them. © The burning sun and the ants made it hard to get comfortable at the picnic. a, relaxed b, mean c. thirsty * When babies want something they can’t have, it’s a good idea to distract them by handing them a favorite toy. © None of us can study with Julie in the room. The loud way she chews gum distracts us. a. have questions b. make clean c. take away about attention * Rafael is angry because someone wrote an insulting message about him on the sidewalk. © Our boss calls his workers insulting names, such as “stupid” and “lazy.” a. kind b. easy to understand c. hurtful © To reach a goal, you must persist rather than giving up at the first sign of a problem. © The salesperson persisted in trying to sell me a car, even after I said I wasn't interested. a. give up easily b. keep doing something c. forget 99Chapter 12 87 6 respect * [have respect for my aunt because every day she works hard to take (ri-spekt) care of her young kids and her older parents anon * Because she has so much respect for her grandmother, Mona changed out of her torn jeans before visiting her. _b_ Respect means a. great fear b. great liking c. great anger 7 sensitive ° My dog is sensitive. When I am sad, she sits down gently beside me and (sen-sub-tiv) puts her paw in my lap. ~ adjective © Pablo is a sensitive person. At parties, he always spends time talking to _¢ Sensitive means anyone who looks nervous and out of place. a. not caring b. happy. c. caring 8 wonder * Don’t you wonder why the dinosaurs died out millions of years ago? (wuhn-dur) © Everyone wonders why Hector and Andrew are angry at one another, eet but neither of them will talk about a_Wonder means a. want to know b. answer c. blame. Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words. Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word, 1 respect A feeling of great liking and honor for someone or something; looking up to someone or something 2. wonder To want to know or learn about something 3 allow To let someone do something 4. insulting Mean; nasty; rude 5. persist To keep doing something, especially when faced with difficulties; to not give up 6. distract To weaken someone's attention 7. comfortable Relaxed; at ease; in a state of comfort 8 sensitive Understanding the feelings and needs of others; caring BE CAREFUL: Don't go any further until you know the answers above are correct. Then you can use the meanings to help you in the following activities. After a while, you will know the words so well that you won't need to check the definitions at al ERIC i0088 Chapter 12 Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once. a. allow c. distracted e. persists g. sensitive | b. comfortable. insulting f. respect h. wondered comfortable 1. Whenever my new kitten sits on my lap, she feels so. . ? . . that she falls asleep. persists 2. Joseph hasn’t found work yet. But he will because he. . ? . . in looking for a job. allow Because cigarettes are so dangerous, not many parents . . 2. . their children to smoke. distracted 4. The children’s fight . . ? . . the bus driver so much that he almost crashed into a tree. respect 5. My parents taught me to have . . ?. . for education and learning. That's why Ihave always done well in school. insulting 6. I won't answer Vera when she speaks to me in that . tone of voice. sensitive 7. We send our children to a. . ?. . doctor. Whenever they are scared, she uses smiles and kind words to take away their fears. wondered 8. We .. ?. . who the man sitting in the back of the class was until the teacher said, “Ladies and gentlemen, I’d like you to meet my brother.” Adding Two Words to an Iter Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left. Use each word once. a. allow ¢. distract e. persisted g. sensitive b. comfortable insu! f. respect h. wonder insulting 1-2. At the movies, we asked the man next to us to stop saying rude, .. persisted things to us. When he... . , we got the manager to throw him out. oo 3-4, Jim is an excellent student and doesn’t «anyone to - him distract from his homework. sensitive _ 56, Mr. Brown is a caring, teacher who goes out of his way to make comfortable shy students feel .. 7. in clas respect 7-8, Lfeel great... ?.. for my parents. I often ..?. . how they raised such a woneler large family without losing their tempers. I1h4Chapter 12 89 Showing You Understand the Words PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. _€_ 1. If you feel comfortable at a family party, you will probably a. sit sadly in the corner. b. leave as soon as possible. c. stay for a long while. a_2. If you are writing a paper for school, which of the following would be likely to distract you? a. Loud music outside your window b. A gentle breeze coming in the window c. A dictionary sitting on a shelf ¢_ 3. If you persist in trying to learn to swim, you would probably a. stop going to the swimming pool. b. decide to start running instead. ¢. go to the swimming pool as often as you can. b_ 4. If you wonder how big the raise you are getting at work will be, you a. know how much you will receive. b. do not know how much you will receive. c. spend the money before you get it. PARTB In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence. -a_ 5, The new town rule doesn’t allow dogs to run free in the neighborhood. From now on, people will have to a. put their dogs on a leash. b. give away their dogs. ¢. get indoor cats instead. -b_ 6. When people are called an insulting name, they often a, seem happy. b, feel hurt . look silly. 2 7. Workers who have respect for their boss a. look up to and learn from the boss. b. argue with the boss. . don't listen to what the boss says. -a_ 8. People who are sensitive a. don’t like to hurt or upset others. b. don't care how others feel. c. laugh at others who feel sad.90 Chapter 12 Adding Words to a Reading A. Two Different Sisters Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. comfortable b. distract c. insulting d. sensitive Carla and Luisa are sisters. They are both smart young women who work at the same company. But Carla gets along better with others than Luisa, One difference is that Carla isa (1) sensitive person who cares about people and how they feel If someone looks unhappy, she will always stop and ask if she can help in any way. Luisa, though, never takes the time to see what's bothering a coworker. Because she thinks only of her job, she will not let anything (2) distract her from doing her work. However, Carla is sociable® and enjoys joking and having fun with the other workers. If people say to her, “Carla, you are as slow as molasses in January!” she knows they are not serious. But if a coworker makes a gentle joke about Luisa, Luisa gets upset and finds the joke (3), insulting . It’s not surprising that many people at work do not feel relaxed or (4), comfortable around Luisa. B. How “Honest Abe” Earned His Name Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. allow b. persisted c. respect d. wonder When Abraham Lincoln was a young man, he worked as a clerk in a general store. One day a woman came in and bought some things. She paid and went away. But after she left the store, Lincoln began to (5) wonder if he had added up the bill correctly. Had he been careless? He looked at the bill again and saw that he had charged the woman six cents too much. It was only a few cents. But Lincoln would not (6). allow mself to keep the woman’s money. That night, he closed up the store and began walking toward the woman’s house, which was several miles away. Although it grew dark, Lincoln (7) persisted until he reached the woman's home and returned her six cents. After Lincoln became President, even those who disliked him had to give him (8) respect for his honesty. pe 103Chapter 12 1 Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them ‘on paper and in speaking. Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what each boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before writing it down and saying it out loud. 1. Most parents do not allow their very young children to watch movies that Answers will vary, 2. To get comfortable at the end of the day, I 3. One thing that distracts me when I am trying to study is 4, If someone says something insulting to me, the best thing to do is 5. When learning how to drive a car, most people persist, even though they 6. Children should show their respect for older people by 7. A sensitive person will 8. Ihave always wondered if Scores Adding One Word to an Item | Adding Two Words to an Item _% — Showing You Understand the Words % Adding Words to a Reading — % % Number right: 8= 100%, 7 = 88%, 6 = 75%, 5 = 63%, 4= 50%, 3 = 38%, 2 = 25%, 1 = 139% [Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book. ERIC 104UNIT 2 Review Activities On the next ten pages are activities to help you review the words you leamed in Unit Two. You may do these activities in any order. * Completing a Crossword Puzzle #1 * Completing a Crossword Puzzle #2 * Choosing the Best Word to Complete an Item © Adding a Word to an Item, Parts A and B * Finding the Same or the Opposite Meaning * Using the Words When Writing and Talking 105Unit 2 Review Activities 93 Completing a Crossword Puzzle #1 ‘The box at the right lists twenty-four words from Unit Two. Using the meanings at the bottom of the page, fill in these words to complete the puzzle that follows. T Be TT T ability approach avoid capable careless damp excuse furious rE eA helpless E ERPeEEEE ignore include la intend 6 loyal Behe normal 5 numerous observe opportunity previous bh pk be & beREREP require resist respect reverse Ee Leer SEED bb sociable struggle ACROSS 4, To pay no attention 8. A chance to do something that will probably lead to good things 9. To stay away from 22, 23. 24. To be made up of; to have within itself Earlier; happening before something else Usual; regular 6. Ready to stand by or stand 7. 10, To see and pay attention to up for someone; faithful Many something A little wet; moist comeoneorsomething «OWN To need something 13. To go in the opposite Inable to take care of 15. Not careful; paying little direction oneself attention 2. To come close or closer to 17, A feeling of great likin 14, To plan to do something ig of gt ig 16. A hard and difficult time A i ee and honor for someone or 18. To keep from doing alee Tes oe ae something something why something happened 19. Having the skill to do 20. Friendly; enjoying the 5. The skill or power to do something something, 21. Very angry 9 _ company of others ERIC 10694 Unit 2 Review Activities Completing a Crossword Puzzle #2 The box at the right lists twenty-four words from Unit Two. Using the meanings at the bottom of the page, fill in these words to complete the puzzle that follows. z i G allow + ie ° tlalele I aware comfortable Cc A 5 constant c oln{|s|rlal Nir ae 7 A c w damage w E A devour ° , seals discover distract 7 7 aby alet en} ble distressed O| DI E| RIN E c failure Tia 41. 1D slclolvige|R glance ‘a(plilrlalolx gratitude 7 . insulting ay PLE RS tsi introduce £ 1 u Tabor R D L modern ra E piiislrlale p| | occasion a persist al th 1 rez re popular pl ilsirie tr} |sletnis|ilrlilvlel | sensitive E G timid a P mired late tradition wonder ACROSS 19. To eat quickly and hungrily 5. Someone or something that 3. Relaxed; at ease 20. Very upset; troubled does not turn out well 7. Never stopping: happening _22- To weaken someone’s 6. To make one person known again and again attention to another for the first time 10. Harm; injury 23. Understanding the feelings 8. Knowing about something 11. Of the present time; up-to- and needs of others; caring 9, To want to know or learn date; not old-fashioned 24. Liked by many people about something 13. To find something for the 12. Shy first time DOWN 14, Mean; nasty; rude 15. A special way of doing 1. A feeling of thanks 16. To let someone do something that is passed 2. To look at something something down; a custom quickly 18. To make something; to 17. To keep doing something, 4. A time when something bring something into being especially when faced with takes place, often 21. Hard work difficulties something special 107Unit 2 Review Activities 95 Choosing the Best Word to Complete an Item On the answer line at the left, write the word that best completes each item. capable modem includes comfortable sociable occasions normal allowed opportunity ability approaching distract ERIC 1 Even a small child is . . ?. . of doing simple jobs around the house, such as clearing the table. a. capable b. damp c. sociable Old-fashioned telephones have round dials, but ? ones have buttons. a. helpless b. modern c. insulting . The art set Lisa got for her birthday .. 7. . markers, colored pencils, and a set of paints. a. ignores b. devours c. includes . On the first day of class, the teacher helped the students feel ..?. . by earning their names and asking friendly questions about their families. a. comfortable b. numerous c. previous Because she is. .?.. , Grandmother likes living with a group of other retired people. a. insulting b. furious c. sociable On those. .?. . when my children don’t have school, I need to find a baby sitter for them. a, occasions b. excuses . traditions . Although our. . ?. . suppertime is 6:30, we did not eat until 8:00 last night. a, normal b. sensitive . popular When I turned 15, my parents .. 2... me to wear a little makeup and date a, wondered b. created c. allowed . Born in the United States, Paco was happy to have the . . ? . . to visit Mexico, where both his parents had been raised. a. respect b. opportunity ¢. labor Although whales need air, they have the... . to stay under water for as long as two hours. a. gratitude b. excuse . ability . We could tell by the cold weather and shorter days that winter was quickly ..? a, approaching b. including c. distracting When my parents said they wanted to talk to me about the yard work I had not done, I tried to. .?. . them by telling a joke. a. require b. devour c. distract 108 (Continues on next page)96 Unit 2 Review Activities reversed. 13, Atexactly 6 p.m., the owner of the store went to the sign on the door that said “Open” and . . ? . . it to the other side, which said “Sorry, closed.” a. glanced b. introduced c. reversed damage 14, Bad weather can cause a great deal of . .. . to a crop of oranges. a, damage b. opportunity ©. excuse struggle 15, It was a. ?.. . for Greta to stop smoking, but she is proud that she finally did it a, respect b. gratitude c. struggle persists 16. Although I never buy anything over the phone, there is one telephone salesperson who . .?. . in calling me at least once a week. a. persists b. creates c. resists aware 17. Are you... ?. . that you are wearing one black shoe and one brown shoe? a, modern b. aware c. capable gratitude 18, When the neighbors got together to paint Mrs. Kim’s house, she cooked dinner for all of them to show them her... a. failure b. occasion c. gratitude damp 19, It makes me angry when my kids leave . . ?. . towels lying on the bathroom floor. a. comfortable b. damp . popular sensitive 20. Sandra is a.."?.. boss. She always knows when a worker is upset, even if the worker acts as if nothing is wrong. a. previous b. modem ©. sensitive devoured 21. The hungry teenagers . .?.. a box of crackers and a jar of peanut butter while putting away the groceries. a. devoured b. introduced c. created humerous 22. It took Carla a long time to choose new eyeglass frames because there were ..?. . styles for her to look at. a. helpless b. numerous c. furious avoid 23. Most religions teach that people should speaking unkindly of others. a, reverse b. intend ©. avoid failure 24. Joseph's ..?.. to find work in his hometown has made him think about moving to a larger city where there are more jobs. a, tradition c. failure [GoeeiGoeesnnc a Number right: 24 = 100%, 23 = 96%, 22 = 92%, 21 = 88%, 20 = 83%; 19 = 79%, 18 = 75%, 17 = 71%: 16=67%, 15 = 63%. ° 12=50®, 11 = 46%, 10 = 42%, 9 - 38%, 8 = 33%, 7= 29%, 6 = 286, 5-21 13%,2=8%, ER Ener your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart onthe inside back cover ofthe book, 109Unit 2 Review Activities 97 Adding a Word to an Item PART A Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once. a. create d. insulting g. observed j. popular b. excuse e. introduced h. require k. timid c. furious f. loyal i. resist |. wonder wonder 1. TV soap operas often end in a way that makes people. . 2. . what is going to happen next. create 2. Believe it or not, you can... ?. . a very good candy by mixing only three things: peanut butter, honey, and powdered milk. introduced 3. Because Meg and Gerald are so happy that they met and fell in love, they wrote a thank-you note to the friend who . . ?. . them, popular 4. The pizza restaurant on the corner is so . . ?. . that people often have to wait an hour for a table. excuse 5. Barry had a good .. ?.. . for falling asleep in class—he had been up all night with his sick child. observed 6. The store owner called police when she . . ? . . two scary-looking men walking around the building and looking in the windows. timid 7. Some brave children run right up to a department-store Santa Claus, but others are so. . ?.. that they won't go near him at all. insulting 8. When parents say . things to their children, such as “You're stupid,” the youngsters often begin to think poorly of themselves. resist 9. My parents taught me to work hard and. . ?. . doing things the easy way, loyal 10. Even if the new supermarket has low prices, I am going to be the neighborhood grocery store where I have shopped for years. furious 11. I knew that Dad would be upset that I lost his wallet, but he was more than upset. He was..?... require 12. “In order to do this trick,” said the magician, “I. . 2. . a brave person from the audience to come up on stage with me.” ° (Continues on next page) eS be °98 Unit 2 Review Activities, PARTB Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left, Use each word once. a. careless d. distressed —_g. ignores j. previous b. constant e. glanced h. intend k. respect c. discovered f. helpless i. labor |. tradition intend 13. After their children are grown and leave home, Mr. and Mrs. Siskin to sell their house and move to an apartment. helpless 14, When I first moved away from home, I felt as ..?.. as a baby. respect 15. Many people lost their . .?. . for the mayor when they leaned he had made up stories about being a war hero. glanced 16. At first, I only . . ?. . at the couple entering the store. But when I realized they were famous movie actors, I turned around and stared, discovered 17. The last time I was at the library, I. ?. .a writer whose books I really like. distressed 18. My children are so. . 2. . about having to move to another city that they aren’t eating or sleeping well careless 19. When the restaurant owners saw the new menus, they were very unhappy. The . . ?.. . printer had spelled the name of the restaurant wrong. labor 20. The children put many hours of .. ?.. . into building their tree house. They often worked from the time they got home from school until it was dark. tradition 21. The..2.. rice at a wedding is a very old one, going back many hundreds of years. constant 22. Mr. and Mrs. Shue called their landlord to complain about the . Joud music and shouting from their neighbors downstairs. ignores: 23. Most people in my office are bothered by the sounds of heavy traffic outside. But Rhonda .. ?.. the noise and gets her job done previous 24, Last winter was not bad, but the .. 2. . one was the coldest 1 can remember. { Scores Part A(Addinga Word) = __% Part B (Adding a Word) Se Number right in each par: 12 = 100%, 11 = 92%, 10 83%, 9= 75%, 8 = 679; 7 = SB%, 6 = 50%. Enter your scores above and in the vacabulay performance chart onthe ins = Lid =42%h; 4 = 336, 3= 286.2 = 17%, 1 =8% back cover ofthe book.Unit 2 Review Activities 99 Finding the Same or the Opposite Meaning PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that correctly completes each sentence. In most cases, the correct answer will have the same or almost the same meaning as the boldfaced word. _b_ 1. If you see coming toward you a couple you want to avoid, you would probably a, call out their names. b. walk the other way. c. walk up to them and tell them who you are, a_ 2. Ifa three-year-old asks constant questions, the questions a, goon and on and never seem to stop. _b, are hard to understand. . are about private matters. a_3. Ifyou create a new way of doing a job at work, you a. come up with the idea on your own, —_b. have trouble finding a way to do the job better. c. are happy that other people found a way to do the job better. c_ 4, Ifinsects do a lot of damage to a plant, the plant will a. grow tall. b. be healthy and strong. c. be harmed badly. _5. If something happens that makes you feel like a failure, you might feel as though a, nothing works out well for you b. everything tums out well for you. c. everyone is on your sidé. a_ 6. Ifa friend is furious with you, the friend would be a. really angry with you. », relaxed with you. c. fearful of you. ¢_7. Ifa turtle is helpless when it is on its back, that means that it a. is especially strong. b. is sleepy. c. can’t help itself by turning over. @_ 8. Ifdinner at a restaurant includes dessert, this means that a. dessert will be a part of the meal b. dessert will not be a part of the meal. cc, dessert will be the only thing in the meal _b_ 9. An insulting joke is one that is a. nice and funny. b, mean and rude. c. hard to remember. _b 10. If you intend to clean the house on Saturday, you a. forget (o clean the house on Saturday. _b. plan to clean the house on Saturday. c. try hard to keep from cleaning the house on Saturday. c 11. If you reverse your car, you a. love your car. b. sell your car. ¢. turn your car in the other direction, ii2 (Continues on next page)100 Unit 2 Review Activities _¢_12. Teenagers who resist using drugs a. never heard of drugs. b. use a lot of drugs. c. work hard to keep from using drugs. PARTB In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that is the opposite of the boldfaced word. _2_13. The opposite of capable is a. not able b. painful c. colorful _£_14. The opposite of careless is a. difficult b. easy . careful _€_15. The opposite of damp is a. ugly b. cold ©. dry b_16. The opposite of glance is a. repeat slowly b. look at carefully . give back _a_17. The opposite of ignore is a. pay attention b. open slowly c. clean completely _¢_18. The opposite of labor is a. truth b. fault c. rest b_19. The opposite of modern is a, straight b. old-fashioned ¢. good-looking _& 20. The opposite of observe is a. not see ». not try c. not hurt _@_21, The opposite of persist is a. give up b. hurry ©. look at a 22. The opposite of numerous is a. few », straight c. small b 23. The opposite of sociable is a. perfect b. unfriendly c. sharp _@_24, The opposite of timid is a. brave b. tiny ©. smooth Scores Part A (Same Meanings) % Part B (Opposite Meanings) % [Number rightin each part: 12 = 100%, 11 Enter your scores above. 1%, 10 = 83%, 9 = 75%, 8 = 67%; 7 = 58%, 6= SOM, $= 42%; 4= 396, 3 = 25% inthe vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover ofthe book. 113Unit 2 Review Activities 101 Using the Words When Writing and Talking The items below will help you use many of the words in this unit on paper and in conversation. Feel free to use any tense of a boldfaced verb and to make a boldfaced noun plural. (See pages 249-251 and 252.) 1. Using the word ability, write or talk about a special skill of someone you know well. The person might be able to fix anything, cook well, or get along with anybody. 2. Using the word allow, write or talk about one thing you believe parents should nor let their children do. Maybe you feel parents should not let their kids smoke, go out on school nights, date before they are 16, or wear certain clothing styles. 3. Using the word approach, write or tell about a time that a stranger came up to you and began to talk. It could have been the time your car broke down and a passerby offered to help, or it might have been when you moved into a new home and a neighbor came over to say hello. 4, Using the word aware, write or talk about a time when you first came to understand something. It could be the first time you understood that your parents were less than perfect, or the first time you learned of a problem in your school, in your neighborhood, or in the country. 5. Using the word comfortable, write or tell about a time you made someone feel relaxed and at ease. Perhaps you invited a new neighbor to dinner, took time to show a coworker around on the first day on the job, or helped a relative feel less nervous about going into the hospital. 6. Using the word devour, write or talk about a time when you (or someone else) ate a lot of something really quickly. You might describe the way you ate a hot-fudge sundae or the way friends ate a pizza. 7. Using the word discover, write or talk about a time when you found out about or learned something new. Perhaps you came across a shortcut to work or an easy way to do something that used to be difficult. 8. Using the word distraet, write or talk about something that got your attention when you needed to to take care of another matter. Maybe a classmate kept talking while you were trying to listen to a teacher or the beautiful weather made it difficult for you to stay indoors and study. 9. Using the word distressed, write or talk about something that upset you and made you unhappy. Perhaps it was doing poorly on a test, learning that a friend was sick, or having a fight with someone you cared for. 10. Using the word excuse, write or talk about a time you made up a reason not to do something—for example, go to a party, visit an elderly relative, or work hard in school or on the job. 11, Using the word gratitude, write or talk about a time when you felt thankful to someone. The person might have done you a favor, helped you with something you didn’t know how to do, or simply been good to you when you needed a friend, 12. Using the word introduce, write or talk about a time you went up to someone you wanted to meet and told the person your name and a little bit about yourself. You might describe the first time you met a neighbor, a coworker, or your closest friend. ERIC i14 (Continues on next page)102 Unit 2 Review Activitios 13 14, 16. 7. 18. 19, 20, 21 22, 23. 24. Using the word loyal, write or talk about a person who stood by someone he or she believed in. ‘The person might be a sports fan who kept rooting for a team that always lost, or a friend who said good things about someone whom everyone else hated, Using the word normal, write or talk about what your usual weekday is like. You might talk about what you do on a regular morning or what happens in a usual evening at your home. Using the word occasion, write or tell about a time in your life that you will never forget— perhaps a vacation, wedding, birth, or holiday. Using the word opportunity, write or talk about a time when you had a chance to do something special. Maybe you had the chance to take a wonderful trip, see a famous person, or take a great job. Using the word popular, write or talk about someone you know who has many friends and always seems to be at the center of a crowd of people. Using the word previous, write or talk about the job you had before this one, the school you attended before the one you go to now, or something new you learned from an earlier chapter of this book. Using the word require, write or talk about what you need to do in order to feel wide-awake in the morning. You might need to drink several cups of coffee, take a long shower, or eat a good breakfast. Using the word respect, write or talk about a person you think highly of. It could be a relative, teacher, or classmate you look up to. Using the word sensitive, write or talk about someone you know (perhaps a grandparent, coworker, or classmate) who always seems to understand how others feel Using the word struggle, write or talk about something that you or someone else did that took a lot of hard work to do. It might be learning how to speak a new language, getting used to being single after being divorced, or living through a hard time such as the loss of a friend or a loved one, Using the word tradition, write or talk about something special that you and your family always do, year after year. It might be having a cookout to start the summer season, watching a favorite movie on a certain holiday, or celebrating birthdays in a special way that everyone enjoys. Using the word wonder, write or talk about something that you have questions about and would like to learn more about. Perhaps you would like to know more about a certain career, person, of part of the country.Unit Three Chapter 13 Chapter 14 amazed locate gust inspect confident purpose dismiss opinion donate sincere guarantee prevent effort uncertain ideal resolve Chapter Chapter 16 advice arrange cautious continue defeat expert defect hollow suppose Chapter 17 Chopter 18 admit encourage compete envy available experiment contain gradual contribute intimate depend intense dull portion effective involve 4 16CHAPTER 13 amazed locate confident purpose donate sincere effort uncertain Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word’s meaning. 1 amazed (uh-mayzd) ~ adjective -a_Amazed means 2 confident (kon-fi-duhnt) ~ adjective ¢ Confident means 3 donate (doh-nayt) — verb —¢_Donate means 4 effort (ef-urt) noun a_Effort means 5 locate (loh-Kayt) verb b Locate means ° ERIC 104 ° The police were amazed that no one was hurt in the bad traffic accident. ° The crowd was amazed by the runner's speed. a. surprised b. bored c. worried © Even though Shelly said she was full, we were confident she would find room for a piece of cake. ® After winning three games in a row, the team felt confident about doing well the rest of the season. a. sol b. honest c. sure ry ° Instead of throwing out old books, I donate them to a library so others can read them. ° Because so many people donated money to us when our house burned down, we were able to make a down payment on a new house. a. show b. find c. give ® Ittook a lot of effort to move the big sofa into the room. ° With great effort, the weight lifter raised the barbell above his head. a, hard work b. sadness c. good looks * Can you locate Alaska on the map? ° No matter how well I hide the candy bars I buy, my son always locates them. a. lose b. find c. forget6 a 7 8 purpose (pur-puhss) = noun Purpose means sincere (sin-sihr) = adjective Sincere means uncertain (uhn-sur-tuhn) ~ adjective Uncertain means Chapter 13 105 ° My purpose in speaking to the class was to tell everyone about the exciting book I had read. © What was our purpose for buying such an expensive computer? We wanted to get the best possible model. a, reason b. problem c. job © Because Dave has a warm smile, he seems like a sincere young man, but in fact he is not very honest. © I voted for Cara Sanchez because she seems sincere about wanting to help people. a. truthful b. not honest c. angry © The twins look so much alike that I am uncertain who is Marco and who is Miguel © Verna is uncertain whether she should go to college or join the Army. a, not interested b. sure . not sure Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words. Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 ERIC sincere donate uncertain amazed purpose effort locate confident Honest; truthful To give something in order to help others Not sure; in doubt Very surprised The reason for something; the goal Hard work; trying hard To find something Sure of something; certain BE CAREFUL: Don’t go any further until you know the answers above are correct. Then you can use the meanings to help you in the following activities, After a while, you will know the words so well that you won't need to check the definitions at all ; i18106 Chapter 13, Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once. a. amazed c. donate e. locate g. sincere b. confident d. effort f. purpose h. uncertain | confident 1. After weeks of practice, Beth was not worried—she felt that she would pass her driver's test. locate 2. Mrs. Chen could not .. ?. . her keys. She looked everywhere for them. purpose 3. You should always ask your doctor to explain the... . of any medicine you take. uncertain 4. The handwriting in the letter is so hard to read that Tam ...?.. whatit effort 5. Looking for a job takes a lot of ..?.. itis a job itself donate 6. Each year, thousands of lives are saved by people who .. ?. . their blood. amazed 7. My teacher was ..?.. when I got a perfect score on the test because I had never done that well before. sincere 8, I thought Rita was . . ?. . about being my friend, but now I think she just wanted to meet my good-looking older brother. Adding Two Words to an Item Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left. Use each word once. a. amazed c. donate e. locate g. sincere b. confident 4. effort 1. purpose h. uncertain confident, 1-2. Because so many people saw my car being stolen, the police were locate 2... that they would be able to. .?.. it soon amazed 3-4, Everyone is..?.. by all the time and .. ?. . the fifth-graders put into effort their play; they even wrote their own music for it. purpose 5-6. The mayor said, “Let’s have a party to celebrate the holiday season.” donate But the real... . of the party was to get people to... ?.. money to help pay for his re-election. ener 7-8. Joe seemed . . ?. . when he said he would meet me at three o'clock uncertain. But he often says one thing and does another, so I was. .? . . that he would show up. iigChaprer19 «107 Showing You Understand the Words PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question, 1. You would be amazed by which of the following? a, A bird flying in the sky b. Children playing in a park b_ 2. If you donate your time to a nursing home, you probably a. expect to be paid. b. enjoy helping older people. c. are too busy to help. b_ 3. It would take a lot of effort for you to a. pick up a pencil. b, pick up a large box filled with brie! c. pick up a pickle c_ 4, If you are uncertain that you have enough food for a party, you would probably a, invite more people. b. take a nap. c. buy more food. PARTB In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. _e_ 5. A boxer who is confident about winning a fight might say, a. “The other guy is so big, he scares me.” b. “Let’s call off the mate! c. “I'll knock the other guy out in minutes.” a_6. What might someone do to locate a lost dog? a, Put a “lost dog” ad in the newspaper. b. Get anew dog. c. Drive the dog somewhere and leave it there. b_ 7. The main purpose of a car is a. 10 store old clothes and books. . to take people from one place to another. c. to give people a place to sit. _b_ 8. A person who is sincere a. is never on time. b. can be trusted. c. likes noise. Be te °108 Chapter 13 Adding Words to a Reading A. Ready to Do Well Read the following paragraphs carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. amazed b. confident «. effort d. uncertain | Feeling very nervous, Michelle walked into her English class on the morning of the final exam. She hated tests, and she was (1) uncertain that she would pass this one. Just as she sat down, she saw her friend Teresa come into the classroom. Michelle waved to Teresa and was (2), amazed to see that she looked happy and calm. There was even a smile on Teresa’s face, and she was humming a song, ‘When Teresa took her seat, Michelle said to her, “You don’t look a bit worried! Aren’t you scared about the test?” “No,” said Teresa. “I put a lot of (3) effort into studying for it.” “Are you sure you will pass?” asked Michelle. “I think I will,” said Teresa. “But even if I don’t, I know that I did my best to get ready for it. And that is all I can do.” Michelle had also worked hard to prepare for the test, so Teresa’s words made her feel a bit more comfortable*. As she relaxed, and her worries went away, she began to feel more (4), confident that she too would do well on the test. B. Advertising for a Date Read the following paragraphs carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. donate b. locate c. purpose d. sincere Kevin had broken up with his girlfriend, and he was lonely. All the women he knew were married or had boyfriends, so he had no opportunity’ to meet someone new to date. He didn’t want to go to bars with the (5). purpose of trying to meet women. So how, he asked himself, could he (6). locate an interesting person to go out with? Finally, he had an idea. He put an ad in the local newspaper. This is how the ad read: “I would like to meet a woman who can be a good friend. Maybe later we will decide we like each other enough to be more than friends. 1 am a @) sincere guy. I don’t tell lies or play games. Because I like to help 121Chapter 13 109 others, I (8) donate a couple of hours each week to a local soup kitchen, for the homeless and poor. I would like to meet someone who enjoys laughing. She should also be kind, honest, and caring. If that sounds like you, I would like to meet you.” Kevin's ad worked. In a short time, he met several nice women. One of them, Hana, has become his steady girlfriend. Now he likes to tell people, “Hana and I found each other in the want ads.” Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them on paper and in speaking: Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what cach boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before writing it down and saying it out loud. 1. Twas amazed when Answers will vary. 2. One thing I am confident about is 3. Once I donated 4, It took a lot of effort for me to 5. Many people have trouble locating their cars when 6. Teachers should have a clear purpose in mind when. 7. You may question whether your friends are sincere if 8. With talk of the factory closing down, many workers were uncertain whether Scores Adding One Word toan Item % Showing You Understand the Words % Adding Two Words to an Item % Adding Words to a Reading % Number right: 8 = 100%, 7 = 88%, 6 = 75%, 5 = 63%, 4= 50%, 3= 38%, 2=25%, | = 13% Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the Book. : 122CHAPTER disgust inspect 14 dismiss opinion guarantee prevent ideal resolve Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word’s meaning. 1 disgust ° The old cigarettes, sweaty socks, and moldy pizza on the floor of (diss-guhst) Steve's bedroom disgust me. ~verb Elizabeth likes chicken and beef, but the smell of seafood disgusts her. ~b_Disgust means a. make happy b. sicken c. make busy 2 dismiss ° The principal decided to dismiss the students carly so they could get (diss-miss) home before the storm, ~ verb * The judge would not dismiss the angry neighbors until they shook hands. _£_Dismiss means a. punish b. forget . let leave 3 guarantee * Greg was happy that the used car he bought came with a six-month (ga-ruhn-tee) guarantee. He will not have to pay for any repairs during this time. noun * It was just bad luck that my stereo stopped working a day after the guarantee ran out. -4_Guarantee means a. promise to b. wish to . hope to buy fix something g0 somewhere something 4 ideal © Fall is the ideal season because it is not too hot and not too cold. (ii-dee-uhl) © The ideal meal should taste good, be healthful, and cost very little. adjective _¢_Ideal means a. short b. very bad c. best 5 inspect © At the factory, workers inspect every new car before it is shipped out, (in-spekt) ° After the kids clean their room, Mira inspects it all over, from the eet) bookshelves to under the beds. _b_Inspect means a. hide carefully b. look at carefully stop 123Chapter 14 1 6 opinion © My husband liked the movie we saw last night, but I had a different (ub-pin-yuhn) opinion. cael © Jamie asked her friends for their opinion of her new hair color. _@ Opinion means a. thought b. fear c. wish 7 prevent * My sister hid her Halloween candy to prevent the rest of us from eating (pri-vent) it ~verb © The high fence and guard dog prevented anyone from breaking into the house. _a_ Prevent means a, stop b. help ©. cause 8 resolve ° Twas glad to hear Dad say that on New Year's Day he may resolve to (ri-zolv) quit smoking. = verb ° Before Tina went away to college, she and her best friends from high school resolved to write to each other once a week. _¢_Resolve means a. forget b. fail c. decide Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words. Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 guarantee A promise (by a seller to a buyer) to fix or replace something that breaks 2 inspect To look at something closely in order to find problems or errors 3. dismiss To let someone leave; to send someone away 4 pinion What someone thinks or feels about something 5. prevent To keep someone from doing something; to stop something from happening 6 disgust To cause someone to have a feeling of sickness or strong dislike 7 resolve To make a strong decision to do something 8 ‘deal Perfect; meeting every need or wish BE CAREFUL: Don't goany futher unl you know the mswers above are coret. Then you can use the meanings to belp you inthe following activites, ie awhile, you will know the words 30 well hat you won't need to check the cefintion at al 124ERIC 112 Chapter 14 Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each ‘word once. | a, disgusts c. guarantee e. inspected g. prevent b. dismissed d. ideal f. opinion h. resolves guarantee 1. Ever since her expensive VCR fell apart, Tisha won’t buy anything unless a store will give her a. opinion 2. Thanks for asking me how I feel about the plans for the party, but my 2. .isn’t really important. disgusts 3. The way drunk people sometimes act... . me. I hate to see people make fools of themselves. inspected 4. We ..?.. many apartments before choosing the one we wanted. resolves: 5. Every Monday morning, Nora . . ? . . to make the week better than the one before dismissed. 6. When Jon sprained his ankle at work, his boss . . ?. . him so he could go to the doctor. deat 7. Warm, sunny days are... . for going swimming. prevent 8. To..?.. myself from gaining weight, I exercise every night after dinner. Adding Two Words to an Item Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left. Use each. word once. a. disgusted ¢. guarantee e. inspected g. prevent b. dismissed d. ideal f. opinion h. resolved —__fisgusted___2. All the blood in the movie sickened and. .?.. me. In my ..?.., the opinion ___—_movie would have been better without all the violence. —_preverit__3.4. To... 2. . anyone from getting hurt when the fire broke out, Mrs. dismissed Brown... ?... her workers and told them to go home. —___fesolved __5_6, When the computer broke down just two months after he had bought it, guarantee Carlo. . 2. . never again to buy anything if it didn’t come witha... inspected 7-8. After my boss my work folder, he said I was an. .?. . worker ideal and gave me a big raise. y, 125Chapter 14 113 Showing You Understand the Words PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence. _b_ 1. You would probably think that your job is ideal if a, your boss screams and yells at you all day. b. you like your work, and the pay is good. ¢. you don’t like your work, and the pay is low. _ 2. You might want someone to inspect your favorite restaurant if you a, found broken glass in your food. b. had an excellent meal there. ¢. like how clean and neat everything is. b_ 3. Ifyou are known for your strong opinions, you probably a. can lift furniture easily. b. say what you think and feel. c. have healthy feet. ¢_ 4. Ifyou have a high fever, you might resolve to a. go out into the cold without a jacket b. have a party and stay up all night c. stay home and get lots of rest RTB In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question, _¢_ 5. Which of the following would probably disgust most people? a, Newly cut roses b. Freshly baked chocolate chip cookies c. A pile of garbage on a hot summer day b_ 6. A boss may dismiss workers early if they a. have not finished their work. b. completed their work way before deadline. c, just came back from a long vacation. a_7. People should try to get a guarantee when they a. buy a used car. b. buy a candy bar. c. borrow a computer from a friend. -€_ 8. People can sometimes prevent themselves from getting sicl a. smoke a lot of cigarettes and eat a lot of junk food. b, share food and drinks with people who are already sick. . get enough rest, food, and exercise. they : 12614 Chapter 14 Adding Words to a Reading A. The Good and Bad Sides of Malls Read the following paragraphs carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. | a. dismiss b. guarantees c. opinion d. resolve Most people think malls are great. But why do so many people share this (b. opinion ? First of all, malls are easy to use. Before malls, people had to go to many small stores to locate? what they needed, Today's shoppers have to go to only one place to find what they want. Another reason people like malls is cost. A department store in a mall is large enough to be able to offer low prices. Malls can also offer the best (2) guarantees in town. For example, if a TV bought in a mall department store breaks down, the store will often fix the TV free of charge, no questions asked. But not everything about malls is good. Here’s why. As malls spread across the country, they put hundreds of small family-owned shops and restaurants out of business. How? When you buy clothes at a mall, you are not spending your money at stores which have been in the area since before the malls were built, The same is true for restaurants. When you buy a taco in the mall food court, that takes business away from the taco restaurant on Main Street in town, Over time, it becomes harder and harder for small businesses to stay open. Their owners may (3) resolve to fight to stay open, But often they are forced to (4) dismiss all their workers and close their doors forever. Towns that used to have streets filled with shoppers now have empty stores and lost jobs. That’s why malls are not as wonderful as they seem. B. As Good As It Looks? Read the following paragraphs carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. disgust b. ideal c. inspected d. prevents Did you ever want to know why the food in TV ads always looks (5). ideal 2 Did you ever wonder? why it looks so much better on TV than it does in real life? The answer may surprise you. Often the tasty-looking food you see on TV is fake—or at least partly fake. There is no rule that says TV ads must show real food. Advertisers are free to add whatever they want to make what they sell 127Chapter 14 look good. Nothing (6) prevents an advertiser from adding something strange that would (7) disgust people if they knew about it. ‘To make milk seem creamy and white, advertisers add sticky white glue to cach glass! The dark steamy coffee in TV ads i no better. In a few ads, it has soap added to it to make it look bubbly and fresh. One company even made its chicken look good and crispy by spraying it with brown paint. The nice roasted color made it look great. But if you (8) inspected the chicken closely, you would have seen a coat of oily paint all over it. So it’s not surprising that the food you make at home never looks as good as the food on TV. Maybe you need to add some paint or glue to your recipes! Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them on paper and in speaking. Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what each boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before wi and saying it out loud. ERIC Tonce saw something that disgusted me. It was Answers will vary. A boss might dismiss workers early if 115 ing it down . The store gave me a guarantee when My idea of an ideal vacation is At the supermarket, I always inspect Itis my opinion that One way to prevent a fire at home is to . One thing I resolve to do over the next year is Scores Adding One Word to anltem —_% Showing You Understand the Words % Adding Two Words to an Item % Adding Words to a Reading % Number right: 8 = 100%, 7= 88%, 6= 75%, 5 = 63%, 4 = 50%, 3 = 38%, 2= 289%, 1 = 13% Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book 128CHAPTER advice impossible 1 § cautious necessary defeat permit =, defect Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word’s meaning. 1 advice + My mother’s advice to me whenever I get sick is to stay in bed. (ad-viis) © Friends often give good advice when you are trying to make a decision. —noun _a_Advice means a, helpful idea b. friendship c. mistake 2 cautious ¢ Ever since he stepped on a bee, Paul has been eautious about walking in (kaw-shuhss) the grass with bare feet. ~ adjective * You need to be cautious when riding a bike on busy roads. —¢_Cautious means a. happy b. tired . careful 3 defeat © If you can defeat your fears, you can do anything. (di-feet) —verb _a_Defeat means a, beat b. keep ©. hide 4 defect ° Martina returned her new jacket to the store because it had a defect— (dee-fekt) the zipper would not close. ~noun * My boss finds defects in everyone else's work, but he thinks his own work is perfect. _b_Defect means a, cost b, problem c, best part 5 impossible © Mira has to work on Saturday, so it is impossible for her to go on the (im-poss-uh-buh!) camping trip this weekend. — adjective * Until the 1960s, many people thought it would be impossible to travel to the moon. _b_Impossible means a, usual b, not able to happen ©. safe i29Chapter 15 117 6 necessary ° Before the bank can cash your check, it will be necessary for you to (ness-uh-ser-ee) show your driver's license. ~ adjective * You will have to fill out the necessary forms before the doctor will see you. _¢ Necessary means a. not wanted ». careful c. needed 7 permit © Most stores don’t want customers to bring their pets inside, but they do (pur-mit) permit people to bring in Seeing-Eye dogs. = verb » I don’t understand why Ralph permits his son to speak to him so rudely. _b Permit means a. understand b. let . win 8 provide © Two soup kitchens in the city provide free meals to hungry families. (pruh-viid) ° Before the test, the instructor provided a pencil to every student. = verb _@ Provide means a. give b. take away c. show Matching Words with Meanings Here are the meanings, or definitions, of the eight new words. Write each word next to its meaning. The sentences above and on the facing page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. L cautious Not taking chances; careful 2. advice A helpful idea about how to do something 3. defect A problem or mistake that keeps something from being perfect; a fault 4 defeat To gain a victory over someone or something; to win in a contest of some kind 5. permit To let someone do something 6. provide To give something that people need 7. necessary Very important to something else; needed 8. impossible Not possible; not able to be done BE CAREFUL: Don’t go any further until you know the answers above are correct. Then you can use the meanings to help you in the following activites. After a while, you will know the words so well that you won't need to check the definitions at all, . 139118 Chapter 15 Adding One Word to an Item Complete each item below by writing one word from the box on the answer line at the left. Use each word once. a. advice c. defeated e. impossible 9. permits b. cautious d. defects f. necessary h. provide defects 1. The store sells “not quite perfect” clothes that have small you can barely see. cautious: 2. When we saw lightning in the sky, we decided to be . . ? . . and go indoors. advice 3. The basketball star’s . . 2 . . to students was simple: “Stay in school, work hard, and stay off drugs!” necessary 4, To bake a tall cake, several eggs are .. provide 5. I know who is bringing hot dogs to the picnic, but who will . . the soda? impossible 6. If you water plants only once in a while, it will be. . 2... for them to grow healthy and strong. defeated 7. We... . the ants in our kitchen with a broom and a can of bug spray. permits 8, My boss ..?. . workers to wear jeans on Fridays. Adding Two Words to an Item Complete each item below by writing two words from the box on the answer lines at the left, Use each word once. eee | a. advice c. defeat e. impossible g. permitted |_>. cautious d. defect f. necessary h. provide advice 1-2. The best piece of ..?. . my father gave me was this: “Don’t be afraid defeat to try.” He made me believe that if I worked hard enough, no problem could..?..me. defect 3-4, Because Katie was born witha. .?.. in her heart, it was .. ?... for her necessary to have an operation when she was just two days old. impossible 5-6. The landlord told me it was... for me to keep a pet, so why has he permitted, 2... my neighbors to have two dogs and a cat? Cautious 7-8. ..2., parents will... .a baby sitter with the phone numbers of the police and fire stations. 131Chapter 15 119 Showing You Understand the Words PART A In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. —¢_ 1. If you are a cautious person and someone invites you to go skydiving, you will probably say, a. “Let’s go!” b. “I'm glad you asked.” . “No way!” -b_ 2. How would you feel if another team defeated your favorite team in an important game? a. Happy b. Upset ©. Lazy -b_ 3. If you found a defeet in a watch you had just bought, you would probably a. be happy. b, return the watch, c. wear the watch. b_ 4. If itis impossible for you to work nights, you a. will work nights, not days. b. look for a day job. ¢. don’t care when you work PARTB In the space at the left, write the letter of the choice that best completes the sentence or answers the question. -€_ 5. Someone who asks for advice a. has already decided what to do. . does not have many friends. ¢. is not sure what to do. _a_ 6, Which of the following is necessary in order to have a baseball game? a. Two teams b. Hot dogs and a cold drink c. Many fans _2_7. A bar that permits smoking probably a. has customers that smoke. . throws out anyone who lights up. c. has a no-smoking rule. b_ 8. Ina restaurant, who provides the meal? a. The customer b. The server c. The person at the cash register 132120 Chapter 15 Adding Words to a Reading A. A Belief in Flying Read the following paragraph carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. advice b. defeated cc. impossible d. permit What do you think life would be like without the telephone? Without the radio, TV, cars, or airplanes? If the people who came up with these wonderful inventions had listened to the (1). advice they were given, they would have given up. Instead, they were able to remain motivated® to reach their goals. For instance, many people told the Wright brothers, who invented the airplane, that flying was @), impossible “We would have been born with wings if we were meant to fly!” people said. Sometimes the Wright brothers thought these people were right. After all, there were many times that their “flying machines” crashed to the ground. But these setbacks never (3), defeated the Wright brothers. They would not 4), permit themselves to give up. Finally, in 1903, they invented a flying machine that really worked. Every airplane in the sky today is there because the Wright brothers believed in what they were doing B, She Tries Before She Buys Read the following paragraphs carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box. Use each word once. [ a. cautious b. defect ©. necessary d. provide Mr. Henderson works in the vegetable section of the Quick-Mart store. The other day, he saw a customer pick up a tomato and take a big bite of it. “Wait a minute!” Mr. Henderson said, “What do you think you're doing? You can’t eat something you haven't paid for.” The woman looked at him in surprise. “I’m just a (5), cautious shopper,” she explained, “I don’t buy anything until I inspect® it to be sure that it’s really good, And these tomatoes aren’t very good.” “What's wrong with them?” asked Mr. Henderson. “Well, they look good on the outside,” said the woman. “But they have a (6)___@efect___inside. They are hard and sour, not juicy and sweet. Biting into that one was like eating a red tennis ball.” 133Chapter 15 121 “I'm sorry you don’t like the tomatoes,” said Mr. Henderson. “But it is still o, necessary for you to pay for the tomato you ate.” “Oh, all right,” said the woman. “Here's fifty cents. But you really should 8) provide customers with a chance to taste before we buy. Otherwise, how do we know what we are getting?” Using the Words When Writing and Talking Now that you understand the meanings of the eight new words in the chapter, you are ready to use them on paper and in speaking. Complete each sentence below in a way that shows you really know what each boldfaced word means. Take a few minutes to think about your answer before writing it down and saying it out loud. 1. The best advice I ever got was Answers will vary. v . People should be extra cautious when . One childhood fear that I defeated was a . Lonce bought something with a defect. twas 5. As much as [ tried, it was impossible for me to 6. If people want to improve their vocabulary, it will be necessary for them to 7. On school nights, many parents often do not permit their children to 8, . Most people enjoy watching the evening TV news. It provides them with Scores Adding One Word to an Item % Showing You Understand the Words % ‘Adding Two Words to an Item % Adding Words to a Reading % Number right: 8 = 100%, 7 = 88%, 6 = 75%, 5 = 63%, 4 = 50%, 3 = 38%,2= 25%, 1 = 13% Enter your scores above and inthe vocabulary performance chart oi the inside back cover of the book, i34CHAPTER ; arrange panic 1 6 continue personal expert regret = hollow suppose Learning Eight New Words In the space at the left, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the other words (the context) in each sentence to help you figure out the word's meaning. 1 arrange © The first thing Chen did in his new apartment was arrange his furniture (uh-raynj) so that each piece was exactly where he wanted it verb © L arranged all the books on the shelf in alphabetical order. _¢ Arrange means a, buy b. mix up c. put in order 2 continue + The weather report says that heavy rain will continue for several days (kuhn-tin-yoo) and cause flooding. ~verb © My neighbors continued playing their radio loudly, even though I asked them to turn it down. _€ Continue means a. keep quiet b. keep outside c. keep going 3 expert © My little brother is an expert on dinosaurs. He knows all their names, (ek-spurt) what they looked like, what they ate, and where they lived. ~ noun © Aunt Sonia likes sweets so much she calls herself a dessert expert. _b_Expert means a, someone who does _b. someone who €. someone who is not know much knows a lot afraid of about something about something something 4 hollow © The pipe used to be hollow, but now it is filled with earth and tree roots. (hol-oh) © The bank robbers hid the money in a hollow tree. adjective _€ Hollow means a. against the law b. out of shape ©. empty 5 panic © Gary felt panie when he saw the large, hairy spider. (pan-ik) © As the fire moved closer and closer to our block, we tried to fight the ~noun ide us @ Panic means a. great fear b. great hunger c. great love i 435