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m3 Lab - Collisions

This document provides instructions for simulating collisions using an online simulation tool. It includes 3 experiments where the user predicts and records velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy values before and after 1D collisions between 2 objects. The experiments explore both elastic and inelastic collisions. Key findings include: (1) kinetic energy is conserved in elastic collisions but not inelastic ones, (2) total momentum is always conserved, (3) in perfectly inelastic collisions the objects stick together after collision. The document ends with additional analysis questions about 2D collisions, complete elastic collisions, inelastic collisions where objects stick together, and determining velocities after objects separate after being initially combined.

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2K views

m3 Lab - Collisions

This document provides instructions for simulating collisions using an online simulation tool. It includes 3 experiments where the user predicts and records velocity, momentum, and kinetic energy values before and after 1D collisions between 2 objects. The experiments explore both elastic and inelastic collisions. Key findings include: (1) kinetic energy is conserved in elastic collisions but not inelastic ones, (2) total momentum is always conserved, (3) in perfectly inelastic collisions the objects stick together after collision. The document ends with additional analysis questions about 2D collisions, complete elastic collisions, inelastic collisions where objects stick together, and determining velocities after objects separate after being initially combined.

Uploaded by

api-309607575
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Autumn Rounds

PHYS1310 Collisions
Simulated Laboratory Exercise Module 3

Go to Phet and find collision lab or type in


http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/collision-lab/collision-lab_en.html
Set up your page so it looks like this

Have 1 Dimension selected, velocity vectors, center of mass, and momentum diagram.
Elasticity is set at 1.00
On the bottom, select more data, this will give mass, as well as velocity and momentum values.
Collision 1:
Predict, with the current set up, AFTER collision
-what will each objects velocity and momentum be prior to and after collision (use formulas if needed!)
m1
vo1
po1
m2
vo2
po2
vf1
pf1
vf2
pf2
predictions 0.5

1.0

0.5

1.5

-0.50

-0.750

-1.0

0.9

0.2

2.0

0.5

1.0

0.5

1.5

-0.50

-0.750

-1.250

0.843

0.250

1.890

Key: m=mass, v=velocity, p=momentum, 1=object 1, 2=object 2,


o= initial (prior to collision), f=final (post collision)
Lets see how you did, Hit the PLAY button,

then record the data.

Add your two initial momentums and your two final momentums
po=

-0.25

pf=
2.733
Do two more trials of your own settings. Change the masses, initial velocities or both and record

Experiment 2
m1

vo1

po1

m2

vo2

po2

vf1

pf1

vf2

pf2

predictions 0.22

1.00

1.00

0.58

-0.5

2.0

-1.0

0.5

0.3

2.0

0.22

1.00

1.00

0.58

-0.5

2.0

-1.175

0.512

0.325

2.018

pf1

vf2

pf2

Experiment 3
m1

vo1

po1

m2

vo2

po2

vf1

predictions 2.0

1.0

0.512

3.5

-0.5

2.018

-0.9

0.1

0.6

2.0

2.0

1.0

0.512

3.5

-0.5

2.018

-0.909

0.974

0.591

1.827

For all three experiments find your kinetic energy of each object before and after the collision.
Show mathematically if your kinetic energy is conserved bellow with your work.
Experiment 1: Ball 1: (0.5)(1.0 ^2)=0.25J
Ball 2: (1.5)(-0.5^2)=0.1875J
Initial KE: 0.25+0.1875=4375J
Final KE: (0.5)(-1.25^2)+1/2(1.5)(0.250^2)=0.4375J
Experiment 2: Ball 1: (0.22)(1.0^2)=0 .11J
Ball2: (0.58)(-0.5^2)= 0.0725J
Initial KE: 0.11+0.0725= 0.1825J
Final KE: (0.22)(-1.175^2)+ (0.58)(0.325^2)=0.1825J
Experiment 3: Ball 1: (2.0)(1.0^2)=1J
Ball 2: (3.5)(-0.5^2)=0.4375J
Initial KE: 1+0.4375=1.4375J
Final KE: (2.0)(-0.909^2)+1/2(3.5)(0.591^2)=1.4375J
INELASTIC
Shift the elasticity bar (or type in
new values). ANY NUMBER BUT
1.00 or 0.00 works
When you run, I want you two
record the following for pre and post
collision.
You have full choice as to your
masses and initial velocities.
Also, watch the TOTAL
momentum arrow (the red one
Momenta box)
Record information on next page

Experiment 1
Mass of object 1

0.5

initial v of 1 =

1.0

Mass of object 2

1.5

initial v of 2 =

-0.5

Elasticity =

59%

initial p of 1 =

0.5

initial p of 2 =

-0.75

Total initial p=-0.25

START COLLISION
Mass of object 1

0.5

final v of 1 =

-0.789

final p of 1 = -0.394

Mass of object 2

1.5

final v of 2 =

0.096

final p of 2 = 0.144

Did total momentum arrow change? Yes/no

Total final p=

-0.25

Experiment 2
Pick a new non-zero, non-1.00 elasticity and run again
Mass of object 1

0.5

initial v of 1 =

1.0

initial p of 1 =

0.5

Mass of object 2

1.5

initial v of 2 =

-0.5

initial p of 2 =

-0.75

Elasticity =

27%

Total initial p=-0.25

START COLLISION
Mass of object 1

0.5

final v of 1 =

-0.429

final p of 1 =

-0.214

Mass of object 2

1.5

final v of 2 =

-0.024

final p of 2 =

-0.036

Did total momentum arrow change? Yes/no

Total final p=

-0.25

Experiment 3 Now set Elasticity to exactly 0.00


Mass of object 1

0.5

initial v of 1 =

1.0

initial p of 1 =

0.5

Mass of object 2

1.5

initial v of 2 =

-0.5

initial p of 2 =

-0.750

Elasticity =

Total initial p=-0.25

START COLLISION
Mass of object 1

0.5

final v of 1 =

-0.125

final p of 1 =

-0.063

Mass of object 2

1.5

final v of 2 =

-0.125

final p of 2 =

-0.187

Did total momentum arrow change? Yes/no

Total final p=

-0.25

Calculate you kinetic energys before and after collisions now when you are not fully elastic.
Before: Object 1: (0.5)(1^2)=0.25J
Object 2: (1.5)(-0.5^2)=0.1875J
Total=0.4375
Experiment 1: Object 1: (0.5+0.5)(-0.789^2)=0.3112605J
Object 2: (1.5+1.5)(0.096^2)=0.072J
Total=0.3832605J
Experiment 2: Object 1: (0.5+0.5)(-0.429^2)=0.0920205J
Object 2: (1.5+1.5)(-0.024^2)= 8.64e-4J
Total=0.0928845J
Experiment 3: Object 1: (0.5+0.5)(-0.125^2)= 0.0078125J
Object 2: (1.5+1.5)(-0.125^2)= 0.0234375J
Total=0.03125J
1. Is Kinetic Energy conserved now? If so when
In all three cases the kinetic energy was conserved because the total momentum never changes.
2. Did your total momentum ever change? If so when?
My total momentum never changed.
3. When fully inelastic what did the two objects do differently?
The two objects did not repel each other after the collision they stuck together. The one with the larger
mass stuck to the one with the smaller mass and started pushing it to the other side.
Click on 2-Dimensions and set the two spheres up so that they strike on an angle. Observe total
momentum. Experiment around and see if you previous conclusions hold here. Vary elasticity, mass,
velocity and have fun with it!
4. A 2.0 kg mass traveling at 3.0 m/s strikes another 2.0 kg mass traveling at -1.0 m/s. They collide
and have a complete elastic collision. If the second mass moves at 3/0 m/s after the collision,
what does the first mass do?
2.0kg(3.0^2m/s)+2.0kg(- 1.0^2m/s)= 2.0kg(v^2)+2.0kg(3.0^2m/s)
v = 1 m/s
5. Lets say you have a 1.0 kg mass at rest, struck by a 2.0 kg mass traveling at -2.0 m/s. They
collide and stick together, thus combining their masses to 3.0 kg. What is the velocity of the
combined mass and what type of collision is this?
v2=(1.0/3.0)(-2.0)
v2=-0.66666666666
v= -2.666666
6. In this situation both objects start combined together. Object one has a mass of 10.0 kg and
object two has a mass of 5.0 kg. Combined they are at rest, however they then interact and
object one pushes away at 4.0 m/s. What will object twos velocity be at this point?
v2=[10/(10+5)]4.0
v2= 2.666666

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