Scribd
Upload
624 views

Retailing and Wholesaling

The document discusses retailing and wholesaling. Retailing involves selling goods directly to consumers for personal use through various forms like pure retailers, wholesaler-cum-retailers, and manufacturer-cum-retailers. Retailers are classified based on the level of service provided, product range, prices, and ownership structure. Wholesaling involves selling goods to businesses or retailers for resale. Wholesalers perform functions like buying, selling, product assortment, transportation, and warehousing. They are classified as merchant wholesalers who take ownership of goods, and agent wholesalers who do not take ownership.

Uploaded by

Usman Tariq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
624 views

Retailing and Wholesaling

The document discusses retailing and wholesaling. Retailing involves selling goods directly to consumers for personal use through various forms like pure retailers, wholesaler-cum-retailers, and manufacturer-cum-retailers. Retailers are classified based on the level of service provided, product range, prices, and ownership structure. Wholesaling involves selling goods to businesses or retailers for resale. Wholesalers perform functions like buying, selling, product assortment, transportation, and warehousing. They are classified as merchant wholesalers who take ownership of goods, and agent wholesalers who do not take ownership.

Uploaded by

Usman Tariq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Retailing and Wholesaling

Retailing:
All activities involved in selling goods and services directly to final consumers for their
personal, non-business use. The individual or business involved in selling goods or
services to final consumers is called retailer. Retailers sell product in small quantities
with high frequency and to a large population of consumers.
Retailing is essential to any organization as final consumers are not willing to buy directly
from manufacturers. There is a wide range of products which are retailed all over the
world, from consumer personal care product, to electronics, from food and beverage to
shopping items, from home furnishing to specialty product all are sold through retailing.
All Service institutions are retailer such as TCS courier, Allied schools, Shoukat Khanum
hospital or Bank Al-falah etc. All businesses are involved in retailing directly or indirectly.
Retailing is present in various forms such as:

Pure retailers such as Al-fateh, Wall-Mart, K-Mart, Sears, Kroger etc

Wholesaler-cum-retailer such as Metro, Macro and Hyperstar

Manufacturer-cum-retailers such as Nisha store, Gul Ahmad Ideas, House of


Ittehad, Stylo, Apple store etc.

Types of Retailers:
Retailer can be classified into various types based on amount of services, Depth and
breadth of product line, relative prices and form of ownership.

Types of Retailer
Amount of service
Self-service
retailers

Depth of Product
line

Specialty store

Discount stores

Departmental
store

Warehouse club

Off-price retailer

Limited service
Full service

Price

Supermarket

Convenience store

Superstore

Service retailer

o Independent
off price
retailer
o Factory
outlets

Ownership
Corporate Chains
Retailer
cooperatives
Franchise Chains

Wholesaling:
All activates directly or indirectly involved in selling goods and services to those buying
for resale or business use. Wholesaling encompasses of 50% of all business activities in
any economy. On one hand Wholesalers may be serving retailing institutions for reselling
and on the other hand some wholesalers serve manufacturers for production etc.
Functions of Wholesaling:
Buying and selling

Product assortment

Promotions

Sub-dividing

Transportation

Warehousing

Financing

Risk bearing

Insurance of goods

Market Information

Types of Wholesalers:

Types of Wholesaler
Merchant Wholesaler
An independently owned business that
takes title to the merchandise
(Transfer goods to their ownership)

Agent Wholesaler
An independent business who
does not take title to goods they
trade in.

Full service wholesaler

Brokers

Wholesale merchant

Agents (Types)

Industrial distributor

o Manufacturer agent

Limited service wholesaler (Types)

o Selling agent

o Cash and carry wholesaler


o Truck jobbers
o Drop shippers
o Rack jobbers
o Mail order wholesaler

o Purchasing agent

You might also like