Joseph

plateau

Joseph plateau was a Belgian physicists, he was one of the first do

show illusion of a moving image, to achieve this, he used counter
rotating disks with repeating drawn images in small increments of
motion on one and regularly spaced slits in the other. He called
this device of 1832 the phenakistoscope.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I3d2HBo_gZ8
The artist only had 8 to 12 frames to work with and
these had to form a loop. The results are quite compelling and
surprisingly fluent, although many movements are incorrect. This
was
made more than 40 years before Muybridge started his photographic motion studies...
There was also an obvious lack of knowledge in other
fields: a zebra coloured like a tiger and a monkey jumping from leaf to
leaf were imagined to represent "The Desert".

George Pal was a Hungarian animator and film
producer, principally associated with the science
fiction genre. He became an American citizen after
emigrating from Europe.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQmiqymo7Og
This astonishing advertising film made in 1938 for Philips Radio in Holland
is the
work of a brilliant animation
pioneer,
George Pal. In the process Pal
called
"puppetoons". puppets composed
of
numerous interchangeable wooden
parts are filmed frame-by-frame

The Lumiere brothers were born in France to ClaudeAntoine Lumiere and Jeanne Josephine Costille Lumiere.
They moved to Lyon in 1 870, where both attended the
largest technical school. Their father, Claude-Antoine
Lumire ran a photographic firm where both brothers
worked for him: Louis as a physicist and Auguste as a
manager. Louis had made some improvements to the still-

photograph process, the most notable being the dry-plate process, which was a major step
towards moving images.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGugm8Dzmuc
Eighty-five of the silent 50-second "actualities" made by the Lumieres between 1895 and 1897
have been mastered from original 35mm material and are presented here in this first ever
authorized video presentation. An amazing journey through the birth of the motion picture.
Narrated by film director and President of the Institute Lumiere Bertrand Tavernier (Coup de
Torchon), with a piano score by Stuart

Thomas Edison Edison was a prolific inventor, holding
1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in
the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. More
significant than the number of Edison's patents was the
widespread impact of his inventions: electric light and
power utilities,sound recording, and motion pictures all
established major new industries world-wide. Edison's
inventions contributed to mass communication and, in
particular, telecommunications. These included astock
ticker, a mechanical vote recorder, a battery for an
electric car, electrical power, recorded music
and motion pictures. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfqUjBDIkT8
The film features Dickson playing a violin into a recording horn for an off-camera
wax cylinder. The melody is from a barcarolle, "Song of the Cabin Boy", from Les
Cloches de Corneville (literally The Bells of
Corneville; presented in English-speaking
countries as The Chimes of Normandy), a light
opera composed by Robert Planquette in 1877. In
front of Dickson, two men dance to the music. In
the final seconds, a fourth man briefly crosses
from left to right behind the horn

William George Horner was a British mathematician; he was a

schoolmaster, headmaster and schoo lkeeper, proficient in classics as

well as mathematics, who wrote extensively on functional equations, number theory and
approximation theory, but also on optics. His contribution to approximation theory is honoured in
the designation Horner's method, in particular respect of a paper in Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society of London for 1819. The modern invention of the zoetrope, under the
name Daedaleum in 1834, has been attributed to him.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hKnLl-zQGs
The zoetrope is an optical instrument invented simultaneously in 18331 by William George
Horner and Stampfer of Austria . Based on retinal persistence, Zoetrope can give the illusion
of movement.

















Emile Reynaud

Charles-Emile Reynaud was a French inventor,

responsible for the first projected animated
cartoons. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in
1877 and the Thetre Optique in December 1888,
and on 28 October 1892 he projected the first
animated film in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the

Musee Grevin in Paris. This is also notable as the first known instance of film
perforations being used.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ib3xjIWiYZY

The first animation, exhibited in October 1892 when Charles-mile Reynaud opened
his Thtre Optique at the Muse Grvin. Reynaud developed the movie system in
1888, and it is also believed to be the first usage of film perforations. Pauvre Pierrot
originally consisted of 500 individually painted images.



















Edward Muybridge

Edward Muybridge was an English

photographer important for his
pioneering work in photographic
studies of motion, and early work in
motion-picture projection. He

adopted the name Eadweard Muybridge, believing it to be the original Anglo-Saxon form of
his name. A portrait of the pioneering photographer, forefather of cinema, showman

and murderer Eadweard Muybridge. Born in Kingston upon Thames, Muybridge did
his most famous work in California, where his experiments in early cinema and the
public projection of his images using a machine he invented astounded audiences
worldwide. Alan Yentob follows in Muybridge's footsteps as he makes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Awo-P3t4Ho