HEIN Past perfect simple Present perfect simple Held painted the c + | had + pas participle = | had not + past participle | He hadn't painted the cil + | had... + past participle? | Had he painted the ceiling? ‘We use the past perfect simple: * when we are already talking about the past and want to make it clear that we are referring back to an even eatiier time: Yesterday afternoon | was bored. ' been to town, Vd done the shopping and I'd finished all my homework sot decided to paint my room. Yesterday morning Yesterday afternoon © sien & ‘wen Amina | | Td been to town Iwas bored 'd done the shopping. decided "finished my homework * in some sentences with time expressions (when, after, bythe time, as soon as) when one event happened before the other: 1d painted one wail when | ran out of paint. By the time Richards mother got home, hel finished painting the room with the adverbs just, olready, ever and never. They go between the auxi (> see also Unit): Held just finished painting when his mother came in When she got home heid already finished painting the room. Until last weekend held never painted a room. Had he ever done any painting before? We donit use the past perfect: © fone action happened at the same time as another: When Richarcs mother saw the rom, she was horrified. (not Wher-Richard’-mother had-seen...) + ifone action happened immediately after the other and was connected to it. In sentences like these, the frst action is often the cause of the second: When jil heard the baby cry, she ran to pick him up. (noe Wherrithad heard...)‘A Notice the difference in meaning between these two sentences: When Richara’s mother came into the room, he stopped painting, (= she came in, so he stopped) Richard's mother came into the room. Richard stopped painting. Richard's mother came into the room. Richard. nipped painting, Hl) Past perfect continuous 1d been working hard. hhad been + verb + -ing = had not been + verb + -ing |? | had... been + verb +-ing? ‘We use the past perfect continuous: | She hadn't been working hard. | a you been working hard? ‘We use the past perfect simple: ‘+ to emphasise a continuous activity or how longit continued: He had a headache because he'd been playing computer games for hour. © when we talk about how long something happened ‘up toa pointin the past: How long had you been driving when the cr broke By the time she arrived Id been waiting for two ‘© when we do not need to emphasise a continuous activity or the period of time: Held played all ofthe computer games and wanted todo something diferent ‘when we talk about how many or how often up to ‘point in the past: Vd driven sx kilometres when the car broke down, By the time I was 18 fd visited Canada six times. ‘A, State verbs (> see Unit 1, B3) are not usually used in the past perfect continuous: I'd known her since she was four years old. (not K+beerrkmrowing-her...)Past perfect Complete the sentences with the correct form ofthe past perfec simple. ‘Thenew school building_ad. cry been_ (only / be) open fora month befor ic was destroyed ina fire, sent back the trainers thet |_——__ (order) online because they were too small. Nic (lan) to arcve early, but we oversleptas usual, As Soom as! tasted the curry, Irealised 1 —— (leave) the garlic out, How many quesions—______(yau answer) when the bell rang? Luckily the band ——— (not start) playing when we reached our seats _ ou falready / book) tickets when you heard the match was cancelled? ewas only after | ——— (post) the parcel that | realised | —— forget) ‘0 put my address on the back of it. : (anyone / not tel) Andy that the bus times (change) Because the team — (never do} very well before, they were delighted to reach the final, Complete the sentences with the correc form ofthe past perfect continuous, 1d been hoping _ (hope) no one would notice wasnt atthe meeting. What ees (vou / eat) that made you soil? Thestudents——_ (ng expect) test that day. We couldn't understand where the cat - (lve) forthe past welve months, ‘Alexi gave the wrong answer because he (not pay) attention. Where ~~ Anya family / lve) before they moved to this street? Nobody (watch) the television for some time so | turned i oft ‘Why was effin such bad temper? the other boys / tease) him again? Wewereso disappointed when thehote closed. We (Go) there for holidays since | ‘was a small child. Fewasn't until got home that I noticed that (wear) odd socks all day.See Filin ehe gaps with suitable verbs in the past perfect continuous. The phone had. been ringing for several minutes before heard. Katya ___ (not) German with Mr Fauser fr very long when he retired. Liz didn't know about the surprise party which her parents _for weeks. | was very pleased when the bus finally arrived because that | would be late for work. ‘When the doctor eventually called my name | for 40 minutes. ‘My brother lost his job because he : Jokes to everyone inthe office by email ‘The band (not) for long when the lights went out. We _ ‘our money to buy a car but we decided to go to Brazil instead. © [finally ot through to Elie but we _(only) fora few minutes when we got cut off How long (they) forthe car keys when Peta found them in her pocket? Each of these sentences has a verb in the past perfect simple. Is it possible to replace it with the past perfect continuous? 1 fd worked forthe engineering company for three months before I realised my neighbour also worked there, Yes ~ Vd. been working ‘As soon as George had finished the race, he drank three glasses of water. Everything was white because it had snowed heavily during the night ‘My parents were delighted when I qualified because they had always wanted me to be a doctor. ‘She was exhausted when she got out of the pool because she'd swum three kilometres. ‘Weld only just sat down at our table when the waitress came to take our order. | could tell immediately from ther faces that they had argued about something. (Our dinner wasn't cooked because forgotten to switch the oven on. ‘The tourist guide hadn't spoken loudly enough for al the group to hear what he was saying, When | got to the café, my friends had already left, so had to run to catch up with them.EE Fittin the gaps with the ast simple, past perfect or past perfect continuous form of the verbs, 1 14 never ridden __ (never ride) a bike until | _ went (Go) to live in Amsterdam. » Fean Martin — (come) inco the rom, hismother nearly : (aint) because she ——— (not see) him for neatly 20 years, 3 Wewere held up in atrafficjam so the concert —— (begin) by the time we gee —(arive). * How long———___(you / apply) for jobs when you Ge) this one? > eo maya eran (not se) Lisa when went round lastnight because she (Go) to stay with her grandmother. i —~ (drive) for about four hours when | (realise) that was completely lost. 7 When!—__(o) into the room, everyone — (stop) talking and = (lon) atte @ Afterhe——___ (wash) his clothes, he_—__ (hang) them outside todry. The manager was shocked when he _ (discover) that Jane was a thief Up until then, he (believe) that she was completely honest, (You / ever do) —any carpentry before you that cupboard? ee : Coe 2 rether embarrassing experience last year Et thet time | played in @ hand with some friends Bf mine and, rather nervously, we (1)__"d agreed provide the music at a fiends wedding e(2)_______ together for about ‘months and it wes the frst booking we ____ fever} so we'd been ectising really hard. Te wedding wes on turday. ay before the wedding | had moved toa new flat soi (@) furniture Ec and gone to bed exhausted. At nine o'clock on the Saturday moming the rest of eband met, as we (5) —_.. 10 practise. They kept phoning me but | —— {not Soin the end one of them (7) ____ round — 0" my door for fifteen minutes until | woke up. eames: they (9) me all morning. | (10), hing and | nearly missed the wedding. Then, wher | finaly (1), the wedding, | realised thet | (12) ~