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Oceanandmarine

This document provides an overview of oceanography and marine biology topics presented by Amanda Arceo. It discusses the ocean floor including features like hills, mounts, guyots, ridges, and rifts. It also covers the birth of ocean study through early explorers like Matthew Maury and the HMS Challenger expedition. Modern oceanography tools are outlined such as sonar, specimen collection methods, and innovations like SCUBA gear. The document outlines layers of the ocean and types of ocean life including plankton, nekton, and fish anatomy.

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103 views

Oceanandmarine

This document provides an overview of oceanography and marine biology topics presented by Amanda Arceo. It discusses the ocean floor including features like hills, mounts, guyots, ridges, and rifts. It also covers the birth of ocean study through early explorers like Matthew Maury and the HMS Challenger expedition. Modern oceanography tools are outlined such as sonar, specimen collection methods, and innovations like SCUBA gear. The document outlines layers of the ocean and types of ocean life including plankton, nekton, and fish anatomy.

Uploaded by

api-281248228
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Oceanography

&
Marine Biology
presented by Amanda Arceo on
12/11/15
to Bridget Engstrom

Topics
Ocean Floor
The Birth of Ocean Study
Oceanography Tools (Past & Present)
Layers of the Ocean
Ocean Life

Ocean Floor

Ocean Floor (cont)

Ocean Floor

Hills, Mounts, and


Guyots

Ridge & Rift

Ridge & Rift

Oceanic Ridge

Oceanic Ridge (cont)


Long, continuous mountain chain
that is approximately 40, 600 miles
in length (1.5 x earths
circumference)
When these mountains are higher
than the ocean, they result in slands

Longest Mountain Chain On Earth

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(cont)
Volcanoes with a lot of earthquake
activity

By studying the area around the MidAtlantic ridge, scientists know that
these mountains are growing by
about 1 inch per year

Hawaii

Hawaii (cont)

The Birth of
Ocean Study

First Ocean Explorers


sailors who collected information on
things that impacted their voyages,
not because they wanted to learn
more about the ocean itself
wind, currents, water temperature, etc

Matthew Maury
1842-1861
Founder of Oceanography
U.S. Navy
collected and published info:
depths, bottom material, living things,
etc

Sir Charles Wyville


Thomson
1872-1876, HMS (Her/His Majestys
Ship) Challenger, team of scientists

winds, currents, temperature


OCEAN BOTTOM!
buckets dragged up water and
samples from bottom, including
deep-sea fish

His Report Was the


Beginning

marine biology

study of ocean life

chemical oceanography
study of chemical characteristics of the ocean

physical oceanography
study of water movement

geological oceanography
student of the ocean floor, beaches, and ocean fossils

submersibles
vessels used to go underwater

ROVs
remotely operated vehicles

Jacques Cousteau
French Marine Explorer
along with Emile Gagnan, an
engineer invented diving gear that
allowed people to stay underwater
for prolonged periods
SCUBA (Self Contained Underwater
Breathing Apparatus)

Oceanography Tools

Ocean Depth
HMS Challenger crew first measured

ocean depth
tied a weight to a rope or cable, lowered

it until it hit the bottom, marked the


rope or cable and then measured the
length once it was pulled back up

Sounding
a similar method
knots were tied in a rope every 1
fathom (6 feet) and lowered until the
weight struck bottom
the number of knots equals the depth in
fathoms

Modern: SONAR
SOund
NAvigation and
Ranging
Sound Time
equals depth

Specimen Collection
Nets (for big
organisms)
Corer (to cut a tubular
sample of soil)
Nansen or Nisken
bottle (to collect water
samples at various
depths)

Layers of the Ocean

Ocean Life

Plankton
small, often
microscopic, drift with
the current
plantlike plankton is
called phytoplankton
algae

animal like plankton is


called zooplankton
krill

Nekton

All organisms that can swim, from


smallest to largest!

Fish Anatomy

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