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Grade 8 Myp 3 14e

Two numbers have a sum of 30 and a difference of 5. Let x and y be the unknown numbers. The equations are: x + y = 30 x - y = 5 Solving the equations gives the numbers as 17 1/2 and 12 1/2.

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6K views3 pages

Grade 8 Myp 3 14e

Two numbers have a sum of 30 and a difference of 5. Let x and y be the unknown numbers. The equations are: x + y = 30 x - y = 5 Solving the equations gives the numbers as 17 1/2 and 12 1/2.

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api-296039056
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS (Chapter 14)

311

PROBLEM SOLVING WITH


SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

In this section we deal with problems given in sentences. We need to interpret the information
and use it to write two equations in two unknowns. Once we have solved them we need to
describe what the solution means in terms of the problem.
Example 8

Self Tutor

Two numbers have a sum of 30 and a difference of 5. Find the numbers.


Let x and y be the unknown numbers, with x > y.
So, x + y = 30 ...... (1)
and x y = 5 ...... (2)
adding 2x
) x

fsum means addg


fdifference means subtractg

= 35
= 17 12

Substituting into (1), 17 12 + y = 30


) y = 12 12
The numbers are 17 12 and 12 12 .

Check: 17 12 + 12 12 = 30 X
17 12 12 12 = 5 X

EXERCISE 14E
1 Two numbers have a sum of 200 and a difference of 37. Find the numbers.
2 The difference between two numbers is 84 and their sum is 278. What are the numbers?
3 One number exceeds another by 11. The sum of the two numbers is 5. What are the
numbers?
4 The larger of two numbers is four times the smaller and their sum is 85. Find the two
numbers.
5 Find two integers such that three times the smaller is 33 more than twice the larger, and
twice the smaller plus five times the larger equals 250.
Example 9

Self Tutor

At a clearance sale all CDs are sold for one price and all DVDs are sold for another
price.
Marisa bought 3 CDs and 2 DVDs for a total of $34:50, and Nico bought 2 CDs and
5 DVDs for a total of $56.
Find the cost of each item.
Let x cents be the cost of one CD and y cents be the cost of one DVD.
3 CDs and 2 DVDs cost $34:50, so 3x + 2y = 3450 ...... (1)
2 CDs and 5 DVDs cost $56, so 2x + 5y = 5600 ...... (2)

312

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS (Chapter 14)

We will eliminate x by multiplying equation (1) by 2 and equation (2) by 3.


) 6x + 4y = 6900
6x 15y = 16 800
adding

11y = 9900
) y = 900

Substituting in equation (1) gives

3x + 2 900 = 3450
) 3x + 1800 = 3450
) 3x = 1650
) x = 550

So, the cost of one CD is $5:50 and the cost of one DVD is $9.
6 Two hammers and a screwdriver cost a total of $34. A hammer and 3 screwdrivers cost
a total of $32. Find the price of each type of tool.
7 Four adults and three children go to a theatre for $74, whereas two adults and five
children are charged $58. Find the price of an adults ticket and a childs ticket.
8 Three blankets and a sheet cost me RM190. Two sheets and a blanket cost a total of
RM100. Find the cost of one blanket and one sheet.
9 Seven peaches plus eight nashi cost me U273 altogether. However, three peaches and
one nashi cost a total of U66. Find the cost of one piece of each fruit.
10 A purse contains $3:75 in 5 cent and 20 cent coins. If there are 33 coins altogether, how
many of each type of coin are in the purse?
Example 10

Self Tutor

A carpenter makes cabinets and desks. Each cabinet has 2 doors and 3 drawers, and
each desk has 1 door and 5 drawers, the same as are used for the cabinets. The carpenter
has 41 doors and 100 drawers available. How many of each item of furniture should
he make to use his entire supply of doors and drawers?
Suppose the carpenter makes x cabinets and
y desks.
) 2x + y = 41 ...... (1)
ftotal number of doorsg
3x + 5y = 100 ...... (2)
ftotal number of drawersg
Multiplying (1) by 5 gives

Item
Cabinet
Desk

Number
x
y

Doors
2x
y

Drawers
3x
5y

Total

41

100

10x 5y = 205
3x + 5y = 100
adding 7x
)

= 105
x = 15
fdividing both sides by 7g

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS (Chapter 14)

Substitituting x = 15 into (1) gives

313

2 15 + y = 41
) 30 + y = 41
) y = 11

So, the carpenter should make 15 cabinets and 11 desks.


Example 11

Self Tutor

An equilateral triangle has sides of length (3x y) cm, (x + 5) cm and (y + 3) cm.


Find the length of each side.
The sides of an equilateral triangle are equal.
(3x-y) cm
(x+5) cm
) 3x y = y + 3
) 3x 2y = 3 ...... (1) fsubtracting y from both sidesg
(y+3) cm
Also 3x y = x + 5
) 2x y = 5 ...... (2) fsubtracting x from both sidesg
3x 2y = 3
Multiplying (2) by 2 4x + 2y = 10
adding x
)
Substituting in (1)
)

3(7) 2y
21 2y
) 2y
) y

= 7
x=7
=3
=3
= 18
=9

3x y = 21 9 = 12, x + 5 = 7 + 5 = 12 and y + 3 = 9 + 3 = 12
) the sides are 12 cm long.
11 A yard contains rabbits and pheasants only. There are 35 heads and 98 feet in the yard.
How many rabbits and pheasants does the yard contain?
12 Milk is sold in one litre and two litre cartons. A delicatessen owner orders 120 litres of
milk and receives 97 cartons. How many of each type did she receive?
(3x-5) cm

13 The figure alongside is a rectangle.


Find x and y.
(2x-4) cm

(y-3) cm
(y-1) cm

14 KLM is an isosceles triangle.


Find x and y and hence find the
measure of the angle at K.

L
(x+4)
K
(x+y+3)

(y-9)
M

15 Twelve years ago Jane was five times as old as Anne. In three years time Anne will be
half Janes age. How old is each girl at the moment?

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