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Techniques of Integration

This document summarizes several techniques for integration: 1) Substitution and partial fractions allow rewriting integrals in terms of new variables to evaluate them. 2) Integration by parts uses the formula for computing integrals of products to break them into simpler pieces. 3) Inverse trigonometric and logarithmic integrals can sometimes be evaluated using trigonometric derivative identities or u-substitutions. 4) Improper integrals define integrals over infinite or unbounded domains, and may converge or diverge depending on the behavior of the integrand. 5) Example problems demonstrate applying these techniques to evaluate definite and indefinite integrals.

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127 views

Techniques of Integration

This document summarizes several techniques for integration: 1) Substitution and partial fractions allow rewriting integrals in terms of new variables to evaluate them. 2) Integration by parts uses the formula for computing integrals of products to break them into simpler pieces. 3) Inverse trigonometric and logarithmic integrals can sometimes be evaluated using trigonometric derivative identities or u-substitutions. 4) Improper integrals define integrals over infinite or unbounded domains, and may converge or diverge depending on the behavior of the integrand. 5) Example problems demonstrate applying these techniques to evaluate definite and indefinite integrals.

Uploaded by

gulzchrn
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Techniques of Integration

Alice Hong
Shawn Yee
Jennifer Dininger
Sado Do
U Substitution

 Step 1: Given f(g(x)), let u=g(x) and


du=g’(x) dx.
 Step 2: Rewrite the integral in terms of u.
 Step 3: Evaluate the integral.
 Step 4: Replace u with g(x).
Partial Fractions
(use when denominator of integral can be factored)

 Step 1: Factor denominator.


 Step 2: Set one factor (we’ll call it A) equal to zero and
solve.
 Step 3: Plug value in for x when A is set to zero (Step
2) into the other factor (we’ll call it B).
 Step 4: Divide original numerator by the value
obtained from substituting A’s zero into B (Step 3).
 Step 5: This value is the new numerator of A (the first
factor).
 Step 6: Repeat this process to find the new numerator
of B.
 Step 7: Solve the integral.
Example of Partial Fractions
7
 x 2  2 x  15dx
x 3 0 7
 ( x  3)( x  5)dx x5 0
x 3
x  5
7 7 (7 / 8) ( 7 / 8)
 7 7
(3  5 ) 8  ( x  3)  ( x  5) dx 
( 5  3) 8
7 1 1
  dx
8 x3 x5
7
(ln | x  3 |  ln | x  5 |)  c
8
7 x3
(ln | |)  c
8 x5
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 If an integral has a
similar format to an
inverse trigonometric
derivative, try u
substitution
Integration by Parts
 Step 1: Use LIPET method to determine u & dv
LIPET: logarithmic, inverse trigonometric,
polynomial, exponential, trigonometric

 Step 2: Find du by taking the first derivative of u.

 Step 3: Find v by taking the antiderivative of dv.

 Step 4: Set up the integral as uv -  vdu

•Step 5: Solve
Improper Integrals

  b

 f ( x)dx

 f ( x)dx  f ( x)dx
a 

(where a and b are real numbers)


 May or not may not have values
if yes, integral converges
if no, integral diverges
 Example: 
x
 dx
0
e
Homework Questions
0
12 dx
 x 2  4 x  12 dx  (4  x 2 )

1
2 x 2 dx
dx
 2 x
9  4x 2
x e dx

 2t cos3t dt
x x  2 dx
Homework Quiz Question
2x
 xe dx
Test Questions

2 x ln x
 x cos 2 dx 1 ( x) dx

2
 3(sec x) tan x dx

1 2
 1  4 x 2 dx  x 2  x  2dx

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