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LSDDLM

An electric circuit requires a power supply, load, and wires to connect them. A circuit diagram uses symbols to represent components. Current (I) is the flow of electric charge. It can flow conventionally from positive to negative, or by electron flow from negative to positive. Instruments like ammeters and voltmeters measure current and voltage respectively. Resistance (R) is a component's opposition to current flow, affected by factors like length, area, temperature and resistivity.

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5 views

LSDDLM

An electric circuit requires a power supply, load, and wires to connect them. A circuit diagram uses symbols to represent components. Current (I) is the flow of electric charge. It can flow conventionally from positive to negative, or by electron flow from negative to positive. Instruments like ammeters and voltmeters measure current and voltage respectively. Resistance (R) is a component's opposition to current flow, affected by factors like length, area, temperature and resistivity.

Uploaded by

anothersomeguy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Understandable electric circuits

Basic concepts

Electric circuit: A closed loop of pathway with electric current flowing


through it.
Requirements of a basic circuit:

Power supply (power source): A device that supplies electrical energy


to a load.

Load: A device that is connected to the output terminal of a circuit,


and consumes electrical energy.

Wires: Wires connect the power supply unit and load together, and
carry current flowing through the circuit.
Schematic: A simplified circuit diagram that shows the interconnection of
circuit components, and is represented by circuit symbols.
Circuit symbols: The idealization and approximation of the actual circuit
components.
Electric current (I): A flow of electric charges through an electric circuit:
I Q/t (or I dq/dt).
Current direction:

Conventional current flow version: A flow of positive charge


(proton) from the positive terminal of a power supply to its negative
terminal.

Electron flow version: A flow of negative charge (electron) from the


negative terminal of a power supply unit to its positive terminal.
Ammeter: An instrument used for measuring current, represented by the
symbol A . It should be connected in series in the circuit.
Electromotive force (EMF): An electric pressure or force supplied by a
voltage source causing current to flow in a circuit.
Voltage (V) or potential difference: The amount of energy or work that would
be required to move electrons between two points: V W/Q (or v dw/dt).
Source voltage or applied voltage (E or VS): EMF can be called source
voltage or applied voltage. The EMF is supplied by a voltage source and
applied to the load in a circuit.
Load voltage (V): Voltage across two terminals of the load.
Voltage drop: Voltage across a component when current flows from a
higher potential point to a lower potential point in a circuit.
Voltage rise: Voltage across a component when current flows from a lower
point to a higher point in a circuit.
Voltmeter: An instrument used for measuring voltage. Its symbol is V
and it should be connected in parallel with the component.
Resistor (R): A two-terminal component of a circuit that limits the flow of
current.
Resistance (R): Measure of a materials opposition to the flow of current.
Factors affecting resistance: R r=A, where cross-sectional area (A),
length (), temperature (T) and resistivity (r).
Ohmmeter: An instrument used for measuring resistance. Its symbol is
and the resistor must be removed from the circuit to measure the resistance.

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