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Increasing and Decreasing Functions and The First Derivative Test

The document discusses increasing and decreasing functions and how to use the first derivative test to determine where a function is increasing or decreasing on an interval. It provides the rules that if the derivative is positive, the function is increasing, if the derivative is negative, the function is decreasing, and if the derivative is zero, the function is constant. It then works through examples of applying this test to various functions by finding critical numbers, determining the sign of the derivative in each interval, and concluding whether the function is increasing or decreasing in each interval.

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Michael Angel Bautista Pascual
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78 views

Increasing and Decreasing Functions and The First Derivative Test

The document discusses increasing and decreasing functions and how to use the first derivative test to determine where a function is increasing or decreasing on an interval. It provides the rules that if the derivative is positive, the function is increasing, if the derivative is negative, the function is decreasing, and if the derivative is zero, the function is constant. It then works through examples of applying this test to various functions by finding critical numbers, determining the sign of the derivative in each interval, and concluding whether the function is increasing or decreasing in each interval.

Uploaded by

Michael Angel Bautista Pascual
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

3
Increasing and Decreasing Functions
and the First Derivative Test
A function is increasing on an interval if for any two
numbers x1 and x2 in the interval x1 < x2 implies
f(x1) < f(x2).
A function is decreasing on an interval if for any two
numbers x1 and x2 in the interval x1 < x2 implies
f(x1) > f(x2).

1. If f(x) > 0 x in (a,b), then f is increasing on (a,b).

2. If f(x) < 0

xin (a,b), then f is decreasing on (a,b).

3. If f(x) = 0

xin (a,b), then f is constant on (a,b).

To find the open intervals on which f is increasing


or decreasing, locate the critical numbers in (a,b)
and use these numbers to determine the test intervals.
Then determine the sign of f(x) at one value in each
of the test intervals. Use the above guidelines then to
determine where f is increasing or decreasing.

Ex. 1

3 2
f ( x) x x
2
f ' ( x) 3 x 2 3x
3

0 3 x( x 1)

inc.
1 der.
test
st

C.N.s 0, 1

dec.

,0
0,1
0,0

inc.

1,

1
1,
2

maximum
minimum

Now, test
each interval.

1
Ex. 2 f ( x) x sin x 0,2
2
1
f ' ( x) cos x 0
2
1
cos x
2

dec.

0 x
3

inc.

5
x
3
3

2
1

5
3

5
3

dec.

5
x 2
3

Ex. 3

f (x) x 4 3
2

4x
13
2 2
f '(x) x 4 2x
1
2
3
3x 4 3
f(-3) < 0

f(-1) > 0

-2
dec.

inc.
(-2, 0)

1st der. test

f(1) < 0

min.

f(3) > 0
2

dec.
(0, (-4)2/3 )
max.

C.N .' s
0
2

inc.
(2,0 )
min.

x 1
f ( x) 2 f '(x)
x
4 x 5 2x 5 2x 2x 5 2x

2
4
2
x
x
4

Ex. 4

4 x x
x
3

2 2

dec.
1st der.
test

-1

12x

C.N.s
0, -1, 1

2 x 1 2 x 1 x 1 x 1

3
x
x3
4

inc.
dec.
inc.
(-1, 2 )
(0, )
(1, 2 )
min
neither
min

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