MTODOS DE INTEGRACIN

I. INTEGRACIN POR CAMBIO DE VARIABLE

Problema 1
dx

x(x 999 +1)

Haciendo: u =

1
1
du = dx
x
x2
dx
1

x( )
( )(du )
2
xdx
u
x
=
=
2
999
999
1
x (x
+1)
x
+1
( )999 +1

xdx
=
2
x (x 999 +1)

1
u999 ( )du
u

u998du
1+ u999

1+ u999
Haciendo: w = 1+u999 dw = 999u998du
dw
= u998du

999
xdx
1 dw
1
=
=
ln w + C
2
999
999
w
999
x (x
+1)

dx

999 + C

dx

1 999
+C

x(x 999 +1) = 999 ln 1+ u

x(x 999 +1) = 999 ln 1+ ( x )

dx

x(x 999 +1)

1
999

ln

x 999 +1
+C
x 999

Problema 2
x +1
x x 1 dx

x +1
x 1

dx =

x +1 dx
x 1 x

1+

dx

x 1 x

Haciendo:

u2 = 1+

x 1 =

2
2
u 1

x 1
Tambin:
2
2
u2 = 1+
2 udu =
dx
x 1
(x 1)2

(x 1)2 udu = dx (

2
)2 udu = dx
2
u 1
2

x +1
x 1

dx =

2
(
udu)
2 1
u

2
u
2
+1
2
u 1

x +1
x 1

dx = (u)

4
udu
2
(u 1)2

u2 +1
u2 1

x +1

x +1

x 1

x 1

dx = 4 (u2 )

dx = 4

du
2
(u +1)(u2 1)

u2 du

u4 1

Por fracciones parciales:

u2
u4

A
B
Cu+D
+
+
u+1 u 1 u2 +1

u2 = A(u 1)(u2 +1) +B(u+1)(u2 +1)+ (Cu+D)(u 1)(u+1)

Si: u = 1 1 = 4B B =

1
4

Si: u = 1 1 = 4A A =
Si: u = 0 0 = (

1
4

1
1
1
)+
D D=
4
4
2

Si: u=2

4=(

1
1
1
)(1)(5)+( )(3)(5)+(2C+ )(1)(3)
4
4
2

C=0

1
1
1
= 4 + 4 + 2
4
u 1 u+1 u 1 u2 +1

u2

x +1

x +1

x +1

x +1

x +1

x 1

x 1

x 1
x 1
x 1

dx = 4

u2 du

u4 1

dx =

1 du 1 du 1
du
+
+

2
4 u+1 4 u 1 2 u +1

dx =

1 d(u+1) 1 d(u 1) 1
du
+
+

2
4 u+1
4 u 1
2 u +1

dx =

1
1
1
ln u+1 + ln u 1 + arctan(u) + C
4
4
2

dx =

1 u 1 1
ln
+ arctan(u) + C
4 u+1 2
x +1

x +1
x 1

dx =

1
ln
4

x 1
x +1
x 1

x +1
x 1

dx =

1
ln
4

1
+1

1
x +1
+ arctan(
)+ C
x 1
2

1
x +1
+ arctan(
)+ C
x 1
x +1 + x 1 2

x +1 x 1

Problema 3

1+ a x dx

Haciendo: u2 = 1+ ax = 1+ e x ln a

 2udu = e x ln a ln a dx
ax

dx =

2udu
ax

u2 1
1+ ax dx =

1+ a x dx =

ln a

u2

2udu
(u2 1)ln a
2udu
(u2 1)ln a

u2du

ln a u2 1

2
ln a

u2 1+1du
u2 1

2
du
du + 2

ln a
u 1
2
1 ua
1+ ax dx =
u+ ln
+C
ln a
2 u+ a
1+ a x dx =

1+ ax dx=

1+ ax a
2
1
1+ ax + ln
+C
x +a
ln a
2
1+
a

Problema 4

3 x +1dx

Haciendo: u3 = x +1 3u2du = dx
3
x 3 x +1dx = (u3 1) u3 (3u2du)

3 3
3
x x +1dx = 3 u (u 1) du
6
3
3
x x +1dx = 3 u du 3 u du

3 x +1dx = 3 u7 3 u4 + C
7
4
3
3
x 3 x +1dx = (x +1)7/3 (x +1) 4/3 + C
7
4

Problema 5

ex

dx

1+ 1+ e x
Haciendo: u2 =1+ e x 2udu = e x dx
ex
2udu

1+ 1+ e x
ex

dx =

1+ u2

dx = 2

udu

1+ u
1+ 1+ e x
Haciendo: t 2 =1+u 2tdt = du
ex
(t2 1)(2tdt)
dx = 2
t2
1+ 1+ e x
ex
dx = 4 (t2 1)dt
x
1+ 1 + e
ex
4
dx = t 3 4t + C
3
1+ 1+ e x

ex
1+ 1+ e x

dx =

4
( 1+ u)3 4 1+ u + C
3

4
( 1+ 1+ e x )3 4 1+ 1+ e x + C
3
II. INTEGRACIN DE FUNCIONES QUE CONTIENEN UN TRINOMIO
CUADRADO PERFECTO
=

Problema 1
(6 2x)

8 4x 4x 2

dx

d(8 4x 4x 2 ) = (4 8x)dx
1 (28 4 8x)

=
=

8 4x 4x 2
28

8 4x 4x 2

dx

dx +

(4 8x)
8 4x 4x 2

dx

1 d(8 4x 4x 2 )

1 1
dx + 8 4x 4x 2
4 2
1
1 1
8 4x 4x 2
9 4(x + )2
8 4(x 2 + x + )
2
4 4
1
x+
7
1
1
2 )+ 1 8 4x 4x 2 + C
=7
dx +
8 4x 4x 2 = arcsen(
3
2
8
8
3
1
2 ( )2 (x + )2
2
2
2
1

=7

dx +

2x +1

=7

= arcsen(
)+
8 4x 4x 2 + C
2
3
8

Problema 2
2x + 7

x2 + 2x + 5dx
d(x 2 + 2x + 5) = (2x + 2)dx

d(x 2 + 2x + 5)
1
2x + 2 + 5
2x + 2
5
+5
dx
dx =
dx +
dx =
2
2
2
2
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
(x +1)2 + 22

x +1
1
= ln (x 2 + 2x + 5) +5 arctan(
)+ C
2
2
5
x +1
= ln (x 2 + 2x + 5) + arctan(
)+C
2
2

Problema 3
cos x

sen2 x 6sen x + 5dx

d(sen2 x 6sen x + 5) = (2sen x cosx 6cos x)dx
1 2sen x cos x 6cos x 2sen x cos x
=
dx
6
sen2 x 6sen x + 5

1 2sen x cos x 6cos x

1
2sen x cos x
dx
dx

2
6 sen x 6sen x + 5
6 sen2 x 6sen x + 5

Haciendo: u = sen x du = cos x dx

u du
1 d(sen2 x 6sen x + 5) 2
+
=
6 sen2 x 6sen x + 5
6 u2 6u+ 5
1
1
u du
= ln sen2 x 6sen x + 5 +
+C
6
3 u2 6u + 5

Por fracciones parciales:

u
u
A
B
=
=
+
u2 6u + 5 (u 5)(u 1) u 5 u 1
u = A(u 1) + B(u 5)
Si: u = 1 1 = 4B B =
Si: u = 5 5 = 4A A =

1
4

5
4

1
1 5 du 1 du
= ln sen2 x 6sen x + 5 +

+C
6
3 4 u 5 4 u 1
1
5
1
= ln sen2 x 6sen x + 5 + ln u 5 ln u 1 + C
6
12
4
1
5
1
= ln sen2 x 6sen x + 5 + ln sen x 5 ln sen x 1 + C
6
12
4
III. INTEGRACIN POR PARTES

Problema 1

cos

2 (lnx) dx

Haciendo: u = ln x du =

cos

dx
xdu =dx dx = eudu
x

2 (lnx) dx = cos2 (u)eudu

. . . (I)

Ahora por integracin por partes:

w = cos2 (u) dw = 2cos u sen udu = sen (2u)du

dv = eudu v = eu
2

cos (u)e du = e cos (u) sen (2u)e du

2
u
u 2
u
cos (u)e du = e cos (u) + sen (2u)e du

. . . (II)

A=

sen (2u)eudu

w = sen (2u) dw = 2cos(2u)du

u
u

dv = e du v = e
A = eusen(2u) 2cos (2u)eudu
w = cos (2u) dw = 2sen(2u)du
dv = eudu v = eu

A = eusen(2u) eucos(2u) 2sen (2u)eudu

A = eusen(2u) eucos(2u) + 2 sen (2u)eudu

1
1
3A = eusen(2u) eucos(2u) A = eusen(2u) eucos(2u)
3
3

. . . (III)

Reemplazando (III) en (II)

1
1
cos2 (u)eudu = eucos2 (u) + eusen(2u) eucos(2u) . . . (IV)

Reemplazando (IV) en (I):

1
1
cos2 (lnx) dx = eucos2 (u) + eusen(2u) eucos(2u) + C

Pero: u = ln x
1
1
cos2 (ln x) dx = eln x cos2 (ln x) + eln x sen(2ln x) eln x cos(2ln x) + C

 cos

2 (ln x) dx = xcos2 (ln x) + 1 xsen(2 ln x) 1 xcos(2 ln x) + C

Problema 2

x dx

e
Haciendo: u = e x du =

dx

2 x

2 x e x dx
= 2 ln udu
e x dx =

2 x

Ahora por integracin por partes:

du
w = ln u dw =
u

dv = du v = u
x dx= 2 ln udu = 2 u ln u - u( du ) = 2 u ln u - du

u
e x dx= 2u ln u u+ C = 2e x ln e x e x + C = 2 x e x

x +C

Problema 3

x arcsenx
1 x2

dx

Ahora por integracin por partes:

dx
u = arcsen x du =
1 x2

dv =

xdx

1 x2
x arcsenx

1 x2
x arcsenx
1 x2
x arcsenx
1 x2

v=

dx =
dx =
dx =

1
4
1
4
1
4

2xdx
1 x2

1 d(1 x 2 )

1 1
1
= 1 x2 =
1 x2
2
2
2
4

1 x

1 x 2 arcsen x

1 x 2 arcsen x

1 x 2 arcsen x

4
4

1 x2

dx
1 x2

+C

dx + C
+C

Problema 4
x 1
arctan 4 x dx

Ahora por integracin por partes:

u = arctan

x 1
du =
4x

1+

2
x 1

4x

1
1

4x
x 1

4
x 1
4 x3
4 x

(4 x )2

1
x x ( x 1)

dx
du =
x 1 4 4 x3 x
x 1 ( x )

1+
x

x
x x+ x

dx
du =
x + x 1 44 x3
x 1 (x)

dx

x
x
x

dx =
4 4 x 3 (2 x 1)
2 x 1 4 4 x3
x 1 (x)

1
dx
du =
8 4 x 3 (2 x 1)

x
1

du =

dv = dx v = x

x 1
arctan 4 x dx = (x) arctan

dx
x 1 (x)

x 1

4x

IV. INTEGRACIN DE FUNCIONES TRIGONOMTRICAS

Problema 1
6x
csc 6 dx
Haciendo: u =

x
6

du =

dx

dx = 6du

csc

6 x dx = 6 csc6 u du = 6 csc 4 u csc2 udu

6

csc

6 x dx = 6 (1+ cot2 u)2 csc2 udu

6

csc

6 x dx = 6 (1+2cot 2 u+ cot 4 u) csc2 udu

6

csc

6 x dx = 6 csc2 udu +12 cot2 u csc2 udu +6 cot 4 u csc2 udu

6

6 x dx = 6cot u 12 cot2 u d(cot u) 6 cot 4 u d(cot u) +C

6
cot3 u
cot5 u
x
csc6 dx = 6cot u 12
6
+C
5
3
6

csc

csc

6 x dx = 6cot x 4cot3 x 6 cot5 x +C

6
6
6 5
6

Problema 2

cos

5 (2x 1) dx

Haciendo: u = 2x 1 du = 2dx dx =

du

2
1
1
1
5
5
4
cos (2x 1) dx =
cos u du =
cos u cos u du =
(1 sen2u)2 cos u du

cos5 (2x 1) dx =

sen3 u sen5 u
1
sen u
+
+C
2
3
10

cos5 (2x 1) dx =

1
sen3 (2x 1) sen5 (2x 1)
sen (2x 1)
+
+C
2
3
10

2
2
2
1
5
2
4
cos (2x 1) dx = 2 (1 2sen u+ sen u) cos u du
1
1
1
5
2
4
cos (2x 1) dx = 2 cos u du ( 2)2 sen u cos u du+ 2 sen u cos u du
1
1
5
2
4
cos (2x 1) dx = 2 cos u du sen u d(sen u) + 2 sen u d(sen u)

Problema 3

7 xsec 4 xdx

tan

Haciendo: u = tan x du = sec 2 x dx

7 xsec 4 xdx = tan7 x (1+ tan2 x) sec2 xdx = u7 (1+u2 )du = (u7 +u9 )du

tan

u8 u10
tan8 x tan10 x
tan7 xsec 4 xdx =
+
+C =
+
+C
8
10
8
10

Problema 4
tanx dx
Haciendo: u2 = tan x x = arctan (u2 ) dx =

tanx dx = u2

2udu
2udu
dx =
2
2
1+ u4
1+ (u )

2udu
u2du
u2du
=2
=2
=2
1+u4
1+u2
1+ 2u2 +u4 2u2

(u2 +

u2du
2u+1)(u2 2u+1)

Por fracciones parciales:

u2

Au+B

Cu+D

(u2 + 2u +1)(u2 2u +1) u2 + 2u +1 u2 2u +1

u2 = (Au+B)(u2 2u +1)+(Cu+D)(u2 + 2u +1)

Si: u = 0 0 = B +D D = B . . . (1)
Si: u =

2 2 = (A 2 +B)( 2

2
2 2 +1) + (C 2 +D)( 2 + 2 2 +1)

2 = A 2 +B +5 2C +5D . . . (2)
Si: u =

2 2 = ( A 2 +B)(( 2 )2 2 ( 2 ) +1)+(C 2 +D)(( 2 )2 + 2 ( 2 ) +1)

2 = 5A 2 +5B + 2C +D . . . (3)
Si: u = 2 2 8 = (A2 2 +B)((2 2 )2 2 (2 2 ) +1) +(C2 2 +D)((2 2 )2 + 2 (2 2 ) +1)

8 =10A 2 +5B +13 2C +13D . . . (4)

Reemplazando (1) en (2): 2 = A 2 +5 2C 4B . . . (5)
Reemplazando (1) en (3): 2 = 5A 2 2C + 4B . . . (6)
Reemplazando (1) en (4): 8 =10A 2 +13 2C 8B . . . (7)
Multiplicando 2 a ambos miembros de (6): 4 = 10A 2 2 2C +8B
V.

INTEGRACIN POR SUSTITUCIN TRIGONOMTRICA

Problema 1
2x 5
4 x x 2 dx

Problema 2
dx

(x 2 2x + 5)2
dx

dx

(x 2 2x + 5)2 = ((x 1)2 + 22 )2

x 1

x 1

tan =
= arctan( 2 )
Haciendo:
2
x = 2tan +1 dx = 2sec 2 d

dx

(x 2 2x + 5)2

2sec 2 d
2sec2 d
dx
=
=
((x 1)2 + 22 )2
((2tan )2 + 22 )2
(4(tan2 +1))2

sec 2

dx

(x 2 2x + 5)2 = 8 sec2 = 8 cos

dx

dx

2 d = 1 1+ cos 2 d = 1

d +
cos 2d(2)
16
32

(x 2 2x + 5)2 = 8 sec2 = 16 + 32 sen 2 + C

(x 2 2x + 5)2 = 16 arctan(
1

x 1

)+

1
(2)
32

sen

cos

+C

x 1
2
x 2x+5

2
2
x 2x+5

1
x 1
2
(2)(
)(
) +C
2
2
2
32
x 2x +5
x 2x +5
dx
1
x 1
1
x 1
(x 2 2x + 5)2 = 16 arctan( 2 ) + 8 ( x 2 2x + 5 ) + C
dx

(x 2 2x + 5)2 = 16 arctan(

x 1

)+

Problema 3

(16 9x 2 )3/2
dx
x6
3x
3x

sen =
= arcsen ( )

4
4
Haciendo:

4sen
4

x =
dx = cos d

3
3

[16 9(

(16 9x 2 )3/2
dx =
x6

(16 9x 2 )3/2

(3)5

x6

dx =

(4)2

4sen 2 3/2
) ]

( )cos d =
3

4sen 6
)

cot

4(4)3 (3)6
3(4)6

cos 3
cos d
sen6

4 csc 2 d = 243 cot 4 d(cot )

16

243 cot5
243
(16 9x 2 )3/2
(
)+C =
dx =
6
16
80
5
x

16 9x 2 5

3x

+C

Problema 4
dx

(x 2 2x +1)(x 2 2x)1/2
dx

(x 2 2x +1)(x 2 2x)1/2 =

dx
(x 1)2 (x 1)2 1

sec = x 1 = arcsec (x 1)

x = sec +1 dx = sec tan d

Haciendo:

dx

(x 2 2x +1)(x 2 2x)1/2 =

dx
(x 1)2 (x 1)2 1

sec tan d
sec 2 sec 2 1
tan

dx

(x 2 2x +1)(x 2 2x)1/2

= sen + C =

x 2 2x

x 1

+C

d
= cos d
sec

Problema 5
Calcule

dx

senx + cosx

mediante la sustitucin x = 2arctan u

x = 2arctan u

2du

Haciendo:
x dx =
1+u2

u = tan 2

cos x =

1 u2
1+u2

sen x =

2u
1+u2

2du
2
dx
du
du
d(u 1)
= 2
= 2
= 2
senx + cosx = 1 u1+u
2
2u
1 u2 + 2u
2 (u 1)2
( 2)2 (u 1)2
+
1+u2 1+u2
x
tan 1+ 2
dx
1
(u 1)+ 2
2
2
+C
senx + cosx = 2( 2 2 )ln (u 1) 2 + C = ( 2 )ln x
tan 1 2
2
VI. INTEGRACIN POR FRACCIONES PARCIALES

Problema 1
x

(x 2 1)(x2 + 4) dx
Por fracciones parciales:
x
A
B
Cx +D
=
+
+
2
2
(x 1)(x + 4) x +1 x 1 x 2 + 4

x = A(x 1)(x 2 + 4) +B(x +1)(x 2 + 4) +(Cx +D)(x 1)(x +1)

1
Si: x = 1 1 = 10B B =
10
1
Si: x = 1 1 = 10A A =
10
1
4
4
Si: x = 0 0 = 4(
)+
D D=
10
5
10
Si: x=2

1
1
4
)(1)(8)+(
)(3)(8)+(2C+ )(1)(3)
10
10
5
1
C=
3
1
1
1
4

x+
x
5
= 10 + 10 + 3
2
2
2
(x 1)(x + 4) x +1 x 1
x +4
2=(

1
4
x+
dx
dx
1
1
3
5
(x2 1)(x 2 + 4) dx = 10 x +1 + 10 x 1 + x 2 + 4 dx
x
1
1
1 5x +12
(x 2 1)(x 2 + 4) dx = 10 ln x +1 + 10 ln x 1 + 15 x 2 + 4 dx + C
x

x 1

2x

12

dx

(x2 1)(x 2 + 4) dx = 10 ln x +1 + 30 x 2 + 4 dx + 15 x 2 + 4 + C
x

(x2 1)(x 2 + 4)

dx =

1
x 1 5 d(x 2 + 4) 4 1
x
ln
+
+ arctan( ) + C

10 x +1 30
2
52
x2 + 4

x 1

(x2 1)(x 2 + 4) dx = 10 ln x +1 6 ln x

2 + 4 + 2 arctan( x ) + C
2
5

Problema 2

sec 2 x
dx
tan3 x + tan2 x

Haciendo: w = tan x dw = sec 2 x dx

sec2 x
dw
dx =
tan3 x + tan2 x
w3 + w2

Por fracciones parciales:

1
A
B
C
= +
+
2
2
w +1
w (w +1) w w

1 = Aw(w +1)+B(w +1) + Cw2

Si: w = 0 B=1
Si: w = 1 C=1

Si: w = 1 1 = 2A + 2 + 1 A = 1

sec 2 x
dw
dw
dw
dw
dx =
=
+
+
3
2
3
2
2
w
w +1
tan x + tan x
w +w
w
sec 2 x
1
dx = Ln w + Ln w +1 + C
w
tan3 x + tan2 x
sec 2 x
1
w +1
dx = + Ln
+C
w
w
tan3 x + tan2 x
sec 2 x
1
tan x +1
dx =
+ Ln
+C
3
2
tan x
tan x
tan x + tan x

Problema 3

(x 3 + x 1)
dx
(x 2 + 2)2

Por fracciones parciales:

Cx +D
x 3 + x 1 Ax +B
=
+
2
2
2
(x + 2)
x + 2 (x 2 + 2)2
x 3 + x 1 = (Ax +B)(x 2 + 2)+ Cx +D
Si: x = 0 1=2B+D . . . (1)
Si: x = 1 1 = 3A + 3B + C + D . . . (2)
Si: x = 1 3 = 3A + 3B C + D . . . (3)
Si: x = 2 9 = 8A + 4B + 2C + D . . . (4)
Sumando (2) y (3) miembro a miembro: 2 = 6B + 2D 1 = 3B + D . . . (5)
Reemplazando (1) en (5): B = 0
De (1): D = 1
Reemplazando valores de B y D en: (2): 3A + C = 2 . . . (6)
Reemplazando valores de B y D en: (4): 8A + 2C = 10 4A + C = 5 . . . (7)
Reemplazando (6) en (7): A = 3
De (6): 3(3) + C = 2 C = 7
7x 1
(x 3 + x 1)
3x

(x 2 + 2)2
(x 3 + x 1)
(x 2 + 2)2

dx =

dx =

x2 + 2
2x

dx +

(x 2 + 2)2
7

2x

dx

dx
dx
dx
2 x2 + 2
2 (x 2 + 2)2
(x 2 + 2)2

dx
(x 3 + x 1)
3 d(x 2 + 2) 7 d(x 2 + 2)
dx =

2 x2 + 2
2 (x 2 + 2)2
(x 2 + 2)2
(x 2 + 2)2
(x 3 + x 1)
3
7
1
dx
dx = Ln x 2 + 2
+C

2
2
2
2
2
2 x +2
(x + 2)
(x + 2)2

Problema 4

( x 7 + x3 )
x12 2 x 4 + 1 dx