Basic Database
Administration
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
Objectives
Define database administration.
Understand database administration
tasks.
Perform database administration
tasks using Oracle 11g Enterprise
Manager.
Understand Oracle 11g and SQL
Server data storage structures.
Advanced Databases
What is Database Administration?
A Function information technology (IT)
department
Database Administrator (DBA)
Overall health / Performance
Manages Security
Setup Test and Dev. Environments
Avg $77K/year (BLS 2014)
http://
www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-informationtechnology/database-administrators.htm
Advanced Databases
Duties of the DBA
Manage Database Objects Tables /
Views / Procedures
Database performance
Security Logons /Users / Roles
Clone data from Production to
Development or Test
Manage backups and carry out DR
Guide to Oracle 10g
plans.
Advanced Databases
DBA Tools
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
DBA Tools Product
Comparison
Oracle 11g
SQL Server
Oracle Enterprise
Manager
Web-Based
SQL Server
Management Studio
Client-Based
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
Oracle Enterprise Manager
User account must have DBA role
Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
Three-tier architecture
Console
Oracle Management Server (OMS)
Interacts with repository
Makes it easier for DBAs to administer
multiple databases in organizations network
Advanced Databases
OEM Architecture
Advanced Databases
Demo
DBA Consoles
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
Managing Oracle 11g Data Storage
Like most DBMSs the logical
structures
Tables
Constraints
Views / Procedures
Can be stored in physical data
structures
Files on disk
Guide to Oracle 10g
Dedicated drive partitions
RAM
Advanced Databases
10
Oracle 11g Data Structures
Tablespace
One or more Data Files
Segment
Partitioned Data
Extent
Growth rule for segment
Data block
Database storage data
block
Operating system blocks
Advanced Databases
11
Tablespaces
One or more Data files
Stores all database structures + data
Tables, data, views, sps etc
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
12
Datafiles
.dbf extensions
Store tablespace contents
Stored in Oracle_Base\oradata\SID
Use OEM to view and modify
Grow via Extents
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
13
Segments They Partition the data
Advanced Databases
14
Extents Smallest unit added to data file
Sequence of Data Blocks
When an insert grows beyond the
data file size allocation, a new extent
is added.
More efficient to add groups of data
blocks vs. individual blocks.
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
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Data Blocks Smallest Unit
Read/Written
Advanced Databases
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Managing Oracle 11g Data
Structures
Create tablespace
Manage datafile extents
Autoextensible tablespace
Configure tablespace and datafile
properties
Demo!Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
17
Oracle 11g Database File
Architecture
Advanced Databases
18
Parameter File
Text file
Specifies configuration information
about Oracle 10g database instance
init.ora
Stored in Oracle_Base\admin\SID\pfile
folder
DBAs can edit parameter file
Modify database
configuration
Guide to Oracle
10g
Advanced Databases
19
Control Files
Store information about database
structure and state
Stored in Oracle_Base\oradata\SID
Three separate control files by default:
CONTROL01.CTL
CONTROL02.CTL
CONTROL03.CTL
All contain same data
At least one must be present
Advanced Databases
20
Redo Log Files
Records information to undo action
query changes
.log extension
Stored in Oracle_Base\ORADATA\SID
Pre-image
Rollback segment
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
21
User Accounts
Advanced Databases
22
Creating and Managing User
Accounts
Create new user account
General information about user account
System privileges user has in database
Users tablespace quota on database
server
Demo!
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
23
Specifying General User Information
Use OEM
General page:
Name
Profile
Authentication
Default tablespace
Temporary tablespace
Status
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
24
Specifying System Privileges
System privilege
Object privilege
Enable new user to interact with
Oracle 10g database
DBA grants system privileges
Use System Privileges page in Create
User page
Admin Option
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
25
Tablespace Quotas
Specifies amount of disk space that
users database objects can occupy
in default tablespace
Must be assigned
Quota Size value:
None, default
Unlimited
Value
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
26
Editing Existing User
Accounts
Use OEM
Select user account to be modified on
Users page
General page opens
Select other links to modify properties
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
27
Roles
Database object
Represents collection of system
privileges
Assign to multiple users
Create role
Can inherit privileges from other roles
Grant Role to User Account
Easier than manually assigning
everything manually.
Advanced Databases
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Startup / Shutdown
Advanced Databases
29
Starting /Shutting Down the Db
Shut down database periodically
Perform maintenance
Restart database
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
30
Creating an Administrative
Connection
Shutting down database makes
database unavailable for user
connections
DBA must log onto database using
administrative connection
SYS user account
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
31
Using OEM to Shut Down and Start a
Database Instance
DBA shuts down database instance
using Normal, Transactional, or
Immediate shutdown option
Shutdown process performs five
following tasks:
Writes contents of data buffer cache to
datafiles
Writes contents of redo log buffer to redo log
files
Closes all files
Stops all background processes
32
Advanced Databases
Deallocates SGA in servers main memory
Instance Options
Startup
Shutdown
Start in one of two
modes:
Specify one of four
ways to handle
existing user
connections:
Unrestricted
Restricted
Advanced Databases
Normal
Transactional
Immediate
Abort
33
Oracle 11g Database Instance
States
Advanced Databases
34
Questions?
Guide to Oracle 10g
Advanced Databases
35
