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Section 3 1 Notes

This document defines basic set theory concepts including sets, set notation, containment and shared properties of sets, subsets, unions, intersections, complements, and the universal set. It provides examples of sets and uses set notation to represent operations on sets such as unions, intersections, subsets, and complements. For example, it explains that the intersection of sets A and B is the set containing elements that are shared by both sets A and B, and the union is the set containing all elements of A and B combined.

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1K views

Section 3 1 Notes

This document defines basic set theory concepts including sets, set notation, containment and shared properties of sets, subsets, unions, intersections, complements, and the universal set. It provides examples of sets and uses set notation to represent operations on sets such as unions, intersections, subsets, and complements. For example, it explains that the intersection of sets A and B is the set containing elements that are shared by both sets A and B, and the union is the set containing all elements of A and B combined.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Section 3.

1- Set Theory & Set Relations


Set: collection of numbers or objects. We use the { } brackets (I often
refer to these as curly braces) to denote a set, and each element of the
set is separated by a comma.
e.g. {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
e.g. {a, e, i, o, u}

SET NOTATION- Quick Reference

Sets are denoted with a capital letter. The items, names, objects or numbers are
enclosed by { } .
is the symbol denoting is an element of. is the symbol denoting is not an element
of
ex. A = {all even numbers}, therefore 3 A
The bar symbol | is read such that
ex. F = {x| x is odd} would be read F is the set of all x, such that x is odd.
U

denotes the universal set- general set


The empty set { }, also called the null set, is a set with no elements and is written as

denotes is a subset of- subset of A is a set whose elements are also elements of
A.
denotes is a proper subset of- a subset of A that is not equal to A
intersection (and)- The intersection of sets A and B is the set containing the
elements that shared by sets A and B (the overlap).
union (or)- The union of sets A and B is the set you get when you combine all the
elements of set A and B into a single set.
A the complement of the set A- The complement of set A is the set of all the
elements in the universal set that are not in set A.
AB, A/B, A-B- All of the elements of set A that are not elements of set B
n(A) the number of elements in the finite set A

A number set with a superscript of + includes only the _____________


number set.
Create an example_______________________________________

members of the

Containment and Shared Properties

The symbol

is the notation for

Similarly, the symbol

_______

is the notation for

N
M
e.g. If
{2, 3, 5, 7, 11} and
{3, 6, 9, 10}, then are the following
statements true or false?

(a)

5 M

(b)

11 N

(c)

2 M

(d)

8 N

Sets like
and
above have finite numbers of elements, and thus are called
______________________________________. We can count the number of elements in a finite
n M
set, and would use the notation

to represent the number of elements in the set

n M
=_______________
We can use set builder notation to represent some sets of numbers.
A x | x , 2 x 4

means the set of all


including

and

such that

is an integer between

A x | x , 2 x 7

e.g. Given

(a) list the elements of set

n A
(b) find

and

(c) Represent

using interval notation.

B x | x , x 3 AND x 1

e.g. Given

(a) list the elements of set

n B

(b) find

Subsets

Set B is a __________________of set A if all elements in set B are contained in set A.

Every set is a subset of ______________________.


ex. ________ is a subset of ___________because every integer is also a real number
denotes is a subset of
denotes is not a subset of
Set B is a _____________________________________of set A if all the elements of B are
contained in set A,

but the two sets are not the same. A set IS _________________ a

proper subset of itself.


denotes is a proper subset of
denotes is not a proper subset of
ex. Let A = {green, yellow, blue}
The following are subsets of A:

The following are proper subsets of A:

Union, Intersection, Compliments

P Q

is the notation for the _________________________ of sets

get when you combine all the elements of

Q
and

, and is the set you

Q
and

into a single set.

P Q

is the notation for the ______________________________________ of sets


the set made up of all elements which are in both

Q
and

, and is

Q
and

(the overlap).

If two sets have no common elements, then their intersection is the


___________________________ set and we say
that the sets are_____________________________________________

M 2,3,5, 7,8,9
e.g. Given

N 3, 4, 6,9,10
,

, and

(a) list the elements of

(c) Are

(b) list the elements of

disjoint sets? Explain.

(d) list the elements of

(M N ) L

(L N ) M

U
The symbol

M N

N
and

(e) list the elements of

M N

L={1,2,3, 7, 8,10 }

is used to represent a universal set. If set

is a subset of this universal set

AU
(so

), then the

__________________________ of set
are not in set

e.g.

, denoted as

U
, is the set made up of all elements of

A A

e.g.

A A

n A
e.g.

that

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