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EF MF and Percent Comp Practice

This document provides 10 chemistry problems involving calculating empirical and molecular formulas from percentage composition data. The problems involve finding formulas for compounds containing various combinations of elements like sodium, sulfur, oxygen, iron, chromium, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and hydrogen. The student is asked to show their work and include units. Answers to the problems are provided.

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Roger
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330 views8 pages

EF MF and Percent Comp Practice

This document provides 10 chemistry problems involving calculating empirical and molecular formulas from percentage composition data. The problems involve finding formulas for compounds containing various combinations of elements like sodium, sulfur, oxygen, iron, chromium, potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and hydrogen. The student is asked to show their work and include units. Answers to the problems are provided.

Uploaded by

Roger
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: ________________________

Hour: ____ Date: _______________

Chemistry: Percentage Composition and Empirical & Molecular Formula


Solve the following problems. Show your work, and always include units where needed.
1. A compound is found to contain 36.5% Na, 25.4% S, and 38.1% O. Find its empirical formula.

2. Find the empirical formula of a compound that is 53.7% iron and 46.3% sulfur.

3. Analysis of a sample of a compound indicates that is has 1.04 g K, 0.70 g Cr, and 0.86 g O. What is its
empirical formula?

4. If 4.04 g of nitrogen combine with 11.46 g of oxygen to produce a compound with a molar mass of 108.0g,
what is the molecular formula of this compound?

5. The molar mass of a compound is 92 g. Analysis of the sample indicates that it contains 0.606 g N and
1.390 g O. Find the compounds molecular formula.

6. An acid commonly used in the automotive industry is shown to be 31.6% phosphorous, 3.1% hydrogen,
and 63.5% oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of this acid.

7. A solvent is found to be 50.0% oxygen, 37.5% carbon, and 12.5% hydrogen. What is the empirical
formula of this solvent.

8. A particular sugar is determined to have the following composition: 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and
53.5% oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of this sugar molecule.

9. If the molar mass of the sugar in question #8 is 180.0 g, find the molecular formula of the sugar.

10. Ethene, a gas used extensively in preparing plastics and other polymers, has a composition of 85.7%
carbon and 14.3% hydrogen. Its molar mass is 28 g. Find the molecular formula for ethane.

Answers:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Na2SO3
Fe2S3
K2CrO4
N2O5
N2O4

6. H3PO4
7. CH4O (actually, CH3OH, which is methanol)
8. CH2O
9. C6H12O6
10. C2H4

KEY

Chemistry: Percentage Composition and Empirical & Molecular Formula


Solve the following problems. Show your work, and always include units where needed.
1. A compound is found to contain 36.5% Na, 25.4% S, and 38.1% O. Find its empirical formula.
1 mol Na
1.59 mol Na 0.79 mol 2 Na
36.5 g Na
23 g Na
1 mol S
0.79 mol S 0.79 mol 1 S
25.4 g S
32 g S

Na2SO3

1 mol O
2.38 mol O 0.79 mol 3 O
16 g O

38.1 g O

2. Find the empirical formula of a compound that is 53.7% iron and 46.3% sulfur.

53.7 g Fe

46.3 g S

1 mol Fe
0.959 mol Fe 0.959 mol 1Fe 2 2 Fe
56 g Fe
1 mol S
1.45 mol S 0.959 mol 1.51 S 2 3 S
32 g S

Fe2S3

3. Analysis of a sample of a compound indicates that is has 1.04 g K, 0.70 g Cr, and 0.86 g O. What is its
empirical formula?
1 mol K
0.027 mol K 0.0135 mol 2 K
39 g K

1.04 g K

1 mol Cr
0.0135 mol Cr 0.0135 mol 1 Cr
52 g S

0.70 g Cr

K2CrO4

1 mol O
0.054 mol O 0.0135 mol 4 O
16 g O

0.86 g O

4. If 4.04 g of nitrogen combine with 11.46 g of oxygen to produce a compound with a molar mass of 108.0g,
what is the molecular formula of this compound?
1 mol N
0.289 mol N 0.289 mol 1N 2 2 N
4.04 g N
14 g N
1 mol O
0.716 mol O 0.289 mol 2.48 O 2 5 O
11.46 g O
16 g O
2 N 14 g/mol

5 O 16 g/mol

80 g

28 g

Molecular Mass 108 g

N2O5

KEY Page 2

Chemistry: Percentage Composition and Empirical & Molecular Formula


5. The molar mass of a compound is 92 g. Analysis of the sample indicates that it contains 0.606 g N and
1.390 g O. Find the compounds molecular formula.
1 mol N
0.433 mol N 0.433 mol 1N
0.606 g N
14 g N
1 mol O
0.0869 mol O 0.0433 mol 2 O
1.390 g O
16 g O
1 N 14 g/mol
2 O 16 g/mol

NO2

14 g

32 g

Molecular Mass 46 g

2
46 g 92 g

2 NO 2 N2 O 4 (molecular formula)

6. An acid commonly used in the automotive industry is shown to be 31.6% phosphorous, 3.1% hydrogen,
and 63.5% oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of this acid.
1 mol P
1.02 mol P 1.02 mol 1P
31.6 g P
31 g P
1 mol H
3.1 mol H 1.02 mol 3 H
3.1 g H
1g H

H3PO4

(phosphoric acid)

1 mol O
4.08 mol O 3.125 mol 4 O
16 g O

65.3 g O

7. A solvent is found to be 50.0% oxygen, 37.5% carbon, and 12.5% hydrogen. What is the empirical
formula of this solvent.
1 mol O
3.33 mol O 3.125 mol 1 O
50 g O
16 g O
1 mol C
3.125 mol C 3.125 mol 1 C
37.5 g C
12 g C

CH3OH or CH4O (methanol)

1 mol H
12.5 mol H 3.125 mol 4 H
1g H

12.5 g H

8. A particular sugar is determined to have the following composition: 40.0% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen, and
53.5% oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of this sugar molecule.

1 mol C
3.33 mol C 3.33 mol 1 O
40 g C
1c g O
1 mol H
6.7 mol H 3.33 mol 2 H
6.7 g H
1 gH

CH2O

(methanol)

1 mol O
3.34 mol O 3.33 mol 1 O
16 g O

53.5 g O

KEY Page 3

Chemistry: Percentage Composition and Empirical & Molecular Formula


9. If the molar mass of the sugar in question #8 is 180.0 g, find the molecular formula of the sugar.
CH2O
1 C 12 g/mol
1 O 16 g/mol

12 g
16 g

2 H 1 g/mol

Molecular Mass

6
30 g 180 g

2g
30 g

6 CH2 O C 6H12O 6 (molecular formula)

C6H12O6
10. Ethene, a gas used extensively in preparing plastics and other polymers, has a composition of 85.7%
carbon and 14.3% hydrogen. Its molar mass is 28 g. Find the molecular formula for ethane.
1 mol C
7.14 mol C 7.14 mol 1 C
85.7 g C
12 g C
1 mol H
14.3 mol H 7.14 mol 2 H
14.3 g H
1g H
1 C 12 g/mol

12 g

2 H 1 g/mol

2g

Molecular Mass 14 g

2
14 g 28 g

2 CH2 C 2H4 (molecular formula)

CH2

Answers:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Na2SO3
Fe2S3
K2CrO4
N2O5
N2O4

6. H3PO4
7. CH4O (actually, CH3OH, which is methanol)
8. CH2O
9. C6H12O6
10. C2H4

KEY

Percentage Composition and Empirical & Molecular Formula


1.
1 mol Na
1.59 mol Na 0.79 mol 2 Na
36.5 g Na
23 g Na
1 mol S
0.79 mol S 0.79 mol 1 S
25.4 g S
32 g S

Na2SO3

1 mol O
2.38 mol O 0.79 mol 3 O
16 g O

38.1 g O
2.

53.7 g Fe

46.3 g S

1 mol Fe
0.959 mol Fe 0.959 mol 1Fe 2 2 Fe
56 g Fe
1 mol S
1.45 mol S 0.959 mol 1.51 S 2 3 S
32 g S

Fe2S3

3.
1 mol K
0.027 mol K 0.0135 mol 2 K
39 g K

1.04 g K

1 mol Cr
0.0135 mol Cr 0.0135 mol 1 Cr
52 g S

0.70 g Cr

K2CrO4

1 mol O
0.054 mol O 0.0135 mol 4 O
16 g O

0.86 g O
4.

1 mol N
0.289 mol N 0.289 mol 1N 2 2 N
4.04 g N
14 g N
1 mol O
0.716 mol O 0.289 mol 2.48 O 2 5 O
11.46 g O
16 g O
2 N 14 g/mol

5 O 16 g/mol

80 g

28 g

Molecular Mass 108 g

5.

N2O5

1 mol N
0.433 mol N 0.433 mol 1N
0.606 g N
14 g N
1 mol O
0.0869 mol O 0.0433 mol 2 O
1.390 g O
16 g O
1 N 14 g/mol
2 O 16 g/mol

NO2

14 g

32 g

Molecular Mass 46 g

2
46 g 92 g

2 NO 2 N2 O 4 (molecular formula)

KEY Page 2

Percentage Composition and Empirical & Molecular Formula


6.
1 mol P
1.02 mol P 1.02 mol 1P
31.6 g P
31 g P
1 mol H
3.1 mol H 1.02 mol 3 H
3.1 g H
1g H

H3PO4

(phosphoric acid)

1 mol O
4.08 mol O 3.125 mol 4 O
16 g O

65.3 g O
7.

1 mol O
3.33 mol O 3.125 mol 1 O
50 g O
16 g O
1 mol C
3.125 mol C 3.125 mol 1 C
37.5 g C
12 g C

CH3OH or CH4O (methanol)

1 mol H
12.5 mol H 3.125 mol 4 H
1g H

12.5 g H
8.

1 mol C
3.33 mol C 3.33 mol 1 O
40 g C
1c g O
1 mol H
6.7 mol H 3.33 mol 2 H
6.7 g H
1 gH
1 mol O
3.34 mol O 3.33 mol 1 O
16 g O

53.5 g O
9.
CH2O

CH2O

(methanol)

1 C 12 g/mol
1 O 16 g/mol
2 H 1 g/mol

12 g
16 g

2g

Molecular Mass

6
30 g 180 g

30 g

6 CH2 O C 6H12O 6 (molecular formula)

C6H12O6
10.
1 mol C
7.14 mol C 7.14 mol 1 C
85.7 g C
12 g C
1 mol H
14.3 mol H 7.14 mol 2 H
14.3 g H
1g H
1 C 12 g/mol

12 g

2 H 1 g/mol

2g

Molecular Mass 14 g

2
14 g 28 g

2 CH2 C 2H4 (molecular formula)

CH2

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