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Fundoscopy: Using An Ophthalmoscope

This document provides guidance on performing a fundoscopy exam to examine the back of the eye. It outlines the objectives of fundoscopy in identifying patients at risk for eye disease and recognizing normal and abnormal findings. Key conditions that may require an ophthalmology exam are described such as diabetes, hypertension, and chronic diseases. The normal anatomy of the fundus is explained including the optic disc, retina, macula, and blood vessels. The document provides instructions on properly conducting the exam including preparing the patient, using the ophthalmoscope, and what structures to observe for signs of disease.

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840 views13 pages

Fundoscopy: Using An Ophthalmoscope

This document provides guidance on performing a fundoscopy exam to examine the back of the eye. It outlines the objectives of fundoscopy in identifying patients at risk for eye disease and recognizing normal and abnormal findings. Key conditions that may require an ophthalmology exam are described such as diabetes, hypertension, and chronic diseases. The normal anatomy of the fundus is explained including the optic disc, retina, macula, and blood vessels. The document provides instructions on properly conducting the exam including preparing the patient, using the ophthalmoscope, and what structures to observe for signs of disease.

Uploaded by

elite9491
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundoscopy

Using an ophthalmoscope

Objectives

Identify patients at risk from eye disease


Recognising the normal fundus
Describe Patient preparation
Demonstrate correct procedure using the
ophthalmoscope
Describe abnormal findings, and recognise
disease process

Patients requiring ophthalmology


investigation
Chronic diseases (HIV
arteriosclerosis)
Diabetes
Hypertension
CVA
Cardiac disease
Pts on certain drugs
(anticholinergics / steroids

Top 5 Common eye


conditions

Cataract
Glaucoma
Age related macular
degeneration
Squint
Diabetic eye disease

Normal fundus

Normal fundus
Disc: Clear outline; optic cup is pale and centrally
located.
Retina: Normal red/orange colour, macula is dark.
The macula is approximately 2 disc diameters away
from disc and 1.5 degrees below horizon.
Vessels: Arterial/venous ratio 2 to 3; the arteries
appear a bright red, the veins a slightly purplish
colour.

What to observe

Optic disc- colour/size/edges


Cup size
Blood vessels number/width/tortuosity
Macular / fovea
Other findings haemorrhages, soft and
hard exudates, oedema

Procedure

Ask patient to fix stare at object


Turn on scope and set dial to 0
Remember right eye right hand
Rest hand on patients forehead
Begin at arms length away, should see red reflex.
Move closer until optic disc visible ( aprox. 35cms) Turn dial until disc in focus.
Hyperopic turn disc for plus numbers (green)
Myopic minus numbers (red)

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