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Thermochemistry: Heat Melting System Surroundings

Thermochemistry is the study of the energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and physical transformations. It focuses on the energy changes that occur during these processes, particularly the exchange of energy between a system and its surroundings. Thermochemistry is useful for predicting quantities in chemical reactions and determining whether reactions are spontaneous based on whether energy is released or absorbed.

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51 views10 pages

Thermochemistry: Heat Melting System Surroundings

Thermochemistry is the study of the energy and heat associated with chemical reactions and physical transformations. It focuses on the energy changes that occur during these processes, particularly the exchange of energy between a system and its surroundings. Thermochemistry is useful for predicting quantities in chemical reactions and determining whether reactions are spontaneous based on whether energy is released or absorbed.

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Sponge Quah
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THERMOCHEMISTRY

is the study of theenergyandheatassociated withchemical reactions


and/or physical transformations. A reaction may release or absorb
energy, and a phase change may do the same, such as inmeltingand
boiling. Thermochemistry focuses on these energy changes, particularly
on thesystem's energy exchange with itssurroundings. Thermochemistry
is useful in predicting reactant and product quantities throughout the
course of a given reaction. It is also used to predict whether a reaction
is spontaneous or non-spontaneous, favorable or unfavorable.
( Source Wikipedia)

ENTHALPY CHANGE OF
REACTION

Exothermic-a process or reaction


that releases energy from the system

Endothermic-a process or reaction


that absorb energy from the system

H=-ve

H=+ve

Temperature will increase till


reaction is complete.

Temperature of the surrounding will


decrease till reaction is complete.

Products are more stable then


reactant

Reactants are more stable then


product.

STANDARD ENTHALPY CHANGE OF


REACTION
-Standard
state conditions are at 101.3 kPa and

298 K
Physical states must be written in subscript in the
chemical equation
Example:

Standard condtions
Pressure=101.3 kPa and Temperature=298 K.
For aqueous solution concentration must be 1.0
Pure substance, for example element or compound
at its standard state for example are usually
stable

FORMULA USED TO CALCULATE THE


HEAT CHANGE OF A REACTION

Where (J)

STANDARD ENTHALPY OF
COMBUSTION,
The
standard enthalpy of combustion is the heat

energy evolved(released) when one mole of a


substance is completely burned in excess oxygen
at 1 atm.
(
Example of chemical equation involving

STANDARD ENTHALPY OF
FORMATION

The
standard enthalpy change of formation is the

heat change when one mole of substance is


formed from its constituent element

Example of chemical reaction involving

PREDICTING THE RELATIVE STABILITIES OF


COMPOUND BY USING STANDARD ENTHALPY OF
FORMATION

Generally,
the more negative value the the more stable

the product formed. However this doesnt applied for all


compound for example:

Hydrogen peroxide is energetically stable than its


hydrogen and oxygen, however hydrogen can decompose
into water and oxygen

This shows that Hydrogen peroxide is energetically less


stable compared to water and oxygen

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