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6 Transition Elements

Transition elements are elements from groups 3 to 12 that exhibit metallic properties like high melting and boiling points. They can have multiple oxidation states, forming colored ions and compounds. Transition elements are useful as catalysts in important industrial processes like ammonia and sulfuric acid production.

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210 views

6 Transition Elements

Transition elements are elements from groups 3 to 12 that exhibit metallic properties like high melting and boiling points. They can have multiple oxidation states, forming colored ions and compounds. Transition elements are useful as catalysts in important industrial processes like ammonia and sulfuric acid production.

Uploaded by

karim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

E. Transitions Elements

Transitions elements are elements from group 3 to Group 12.


Character:
- solid with shiny surfaces
- ductile
- malleable
- high tensile strength
- high melting and boiling points
- high densities
- good conductors of heat and electricity
(typical character of metals)
How to differentiate transition metal from other metal?
Three special characteristic for transition elements
1. Transition elements show different oxidation number in their
compounds.
2. Transition elements form coloured ions or compounds.
3. Transition elements and their compounds are useful catalyst.
1

1. Transition elements show different oxidation number in their


compounds.
They exhibit a wide range of oxidation states or positively charged
forms. The positive oxidation states allow transition elements to form
many different ionic and partially ionic compounds.
All the transition elements except scandium and zinc have
more than one oxidation number.
For example iron. Iron have 2 oxidation number as in iron(II),
Fe2+ and iron(III), Fe3+
Example:
Compound

Formula

Iron(II) sulphate
Iron(III) chloride
Copper(I) oxide
Copper(II) sulphate
Manganese(II) sulphate
Manganese(IV) oxide

FeSO4
FeCl3
Cu2O
CuSO4
MnSO4
MnO2

Oxidation number
+2
+3
+1
+2
+2
+4

2. Transition elements form coloured ions or compounds


Do you know why the gemstones
have different colour?

Gemstones

Ruby

Emerald

Sapphire

Amethyst

Transition metals solutions


potassium dichromate
(orange)

cobalt(II) nitrate
(red)

copper(II) sulfate
(blue)

nickel(II) chloride
(light blue)

potassium chromate
(yellow)

potassium permanganate
(purple)

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3

3. Transition elements and their compounds are useful catalyst


Catalyst: Chemical substance use to speed up the chemical
reactions
A specific catalyst is used for a specific reaction.
Example
Process
Haber Process
Contact Process
Ostwald Process
Hydrogenation

Catalyst
Iron filling, Fe
Vanadium(v) oxide, V2O5
Platinum, Pt
Nikel, Ni

To produce
Ammonia
Sulphuric acid
Nitric acid
Margarine

Transitions elements are widely used in our daily lives.


[power point]
Kamal Ariffin
SMKDBL
http://kemhawk.webs.com

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