PUMP

A MECHANICAL DEVICE WHICH WHEN

INTERPOSED IN A PIPELINE CONVERTS THE
MECHANICAL ENERGY SUPPLIED TO IT FROM
SOME EXTERNAL SOURCE INTO HYDRAULIC
ENERGY
TRANSFERS THE SAME TO THE FLUID IN THE
PIPELINE ,INCREASING THE ENERGY OF THE
FLUID
A DEVICE TO RAISE,TRANSPORT, OR COMPRESS
FLUIDS

PUMP-CLASSIFICATION

Classification of pumps

TWO TYPES OF PUMPS

I.

CENTRIFUGAL

II.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
a)Rotary
b)Reciprocating

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
WHEN A CERTAIN MASS OF LIQUID IS MADE TO
ROTATE BY AN EXTERNAL FORCE
IT IS THROWN AWAY FROM CENTRAL AXIS OF
ROTATION
A CENTRIFUGAL HEAD IS FORMED ENABLING IT
TO RISE TO A HIGHER LEVEL
CONTINOUS AVAILABILITY OF LIQUID AT THE
CENTER OF ROTATION ENSURES CONTINOUS
SUPPLY OF LIQUID AT A HIGHER LEVEL
AS LIFTING OF LIQUID IS DUE TO CENTRIFUGAL
ACTION THESE PUMPS ARE CALLED
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIRECTION
OF FLOW OF LIQUID IN THE
IMPELLER
RADIAL FLOW
AXIAL FLOW
MIXED FLOW

RADIAL FLOW PUMP

STRAIGHT CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
COMMON TYPE IS VOLUTE PUMP
FLUID ENTERS AT AXIS OF IMPELLER ROTATING AT HIGH
SPEED
FLUID IS THROWN RADIALLY OUTWARD INTO PUMP
CASING AT A HIGH PRESSURE AND VELOCITY
HIGH VELOCITY OF FLUID IS TRANSFORMED INTO
PRESSURE HEAD BY CASING VOLUTE
PARTIAL VACUUM CREATED CONTINOUSLY DRAWS MORE
FLUID INTO PUMP

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
COMPONENT PARTS
1.
2.
3.
4.

IMPELLER
CASING
SUCTION PIPE
DELIVERY PIPE

IMPELLER
WHEEL OR ROTOR PROVIDED WITH A
SERIES OF BACKWARD VANES OR BLADES
MOUNTED ON A SHAFT COUPLED TO AN
EXTERNAL SOURCE OF ENERGY
SOURCE OF EXTRNAL ENERGY ROTATES
THE IMPELLER
CLASSIFIED AS CLOSED ,SEMI-OPEN AND
OPEN IMPELLER

CASING
AIR TIGHT CHAMBER SURROUNDING THE
IMPELLER
KINETIC ENERGY OF WATER IS CONVERTED
TO PRESSURE ENERGY IN THE CASING

SUCTION PIPE
PIPE CONNECTED AT ITS UPPER END TO INLET OF
PUMP OR CENTER OF IMPELLER
LOWER END OF SUCTION PIPE DIPS INTO LIQUID
IN A SUCTION TANK OR SUMP
LOWER END IS FITTED WITH A FOOT VALVE AND
STRAINER
FOOT VALVE IS A NON RETURN VALVE WHICH
OPENS ONLY IN UPWARD DIRECTION
IT WIL NOT ALLOW LIQUID TO GO DOWNWARD
INTO THE SUMP

Flooded Suction
A Suction Head exists when the liquid is
taken from an open to atmosphere tank
where the liquid level is above the
centerline of the pump suction, commonly
known as a Flooded Suction.

FLOODED SUCTION

DELIVERY PIPE
DELIVERS THE LIQUID TO THE REQUIRED
HEIGHT
CONNECTED AT ITS LOWER END TO THE
OUTLET OF THE PUMP
JUST NEAR THE OUTLET OF PUMP A
DELIVERY VALVE IS PROVIDED
DELIVERY VALVE CONTROLS THE FLOW
FROM THE PUMP INTO THE DELIVERY PIPE

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

ARE ROBUST
RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE
QUIET
DEPENDABLE
COMPACT
SIMPLE IN CONSTRUCTION
DO NOT REQUIRE INLET AND OUTLET
CHECK VALVES

DIFFUSER PUMP
ANOTHER TYPE OF RADIAL FLOW
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
FLUID AFTER LEAVING IMPELLER PASSES
THROUGH A RING OF FIXED VANES
DIFFUSING THE LIQUID
PROVIDES MORE CONTROLLED FLOW
MORE EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF
VELOCITY HEAD INTO PRESSURE HEAD

AXIAL FLOW CENTRIFUGAL

PUMP

ROTOR IS PROPELLER
FLUID FLOWS PARALLEL TO THE
AXIS

AXIAL FLOW CENTRIFUGAL

PUMP

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMP

LIQUID IS SUCKED AND IS ACTUALLY

PUSHED OR DISPLACED DUE TO THE
ACTION OF A MOVING MEMBER
RESULTING IN THE DISPLACEMENT
OF THE FLUID

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMP

1. ROTORY

GEAR PUMP
VANE PUMP
LOBE PUMP
SCREW PUMP

2.RECIPROCATING
PLUNGER PUMP
DIAPHRAGM PUMP

ROTARY PUMP
GEAR PUMP
a)EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
b)INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

ONE GEAR IS DRIVER OTHER DRIVEN
PARTIAL VACUUM CREATED BY UNMESHING OF
ROTATING GEARS DRAWS FLUID INTO PUMP
FLUID IS TRANSMITTED TO OTHER END OF PUMP
BETWEEN ROTATING GEAR AND FIXED CASING
MESHING OF ROTATING GEARS CAUSES AN
INCREASE IN PRESSURE
FORCING THE FLUID INTO THE OUTLET
CAN DISCHARGE IN EITHER DIRECTION
DEPENDING ON DIRECTION OF ROTATION

EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP

INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

DRIVEN GEAR IS ROTOR WITH
INTERNALLY CUT GEAR
MESHING WITH TEETH OF
EXTERNALLY CUT IDLER GEAR
SET OFF CENTER FROM ROTOR

INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

VANE PUMP
ROTOR IS MOUNTED OFF CENTER
RECTANGULAR VANES ARE POSITIONED AT REGULAR
INTERVELS AROUND THE ROTOR
EACH VANE IS FREE TO MOVE IN A SLOT
CENTIFUGAL FORCE FROM ROTATION THROWS THE VANES
OUTWARD TO FORM A SEAL AGAINST THE FIXED CASING
AS ROTOR ROTATES PARTIAL VACCUM CREATED AT
SUCTION DRAWS IN FLUID
FLUID IS TRANSFERRED TO OTHER SIDE OF PUMP IN THE
SPACE BETWEEN ROTOR & CASING
AT DISCHARGE SIDE AVAILABLE VOLUME IS DECREASED
INCRESE IN PRESSURE FORCES LIQUID INTO DISCHARGE

VANE PUMP

VANE PUMP

VANE PUMP

FLEXIBLE VANE PUMP

VANE PUMP

VANE PUMP
PUMPING RATE CAN BE VARIED BY CHANGING
DEGREE OF ECCENTRICITY OF ROTOR
DO NOT NEED INLET AND OUTLET CHECK VALVES
CAN PUMP FLUIDS CONTAINING VAPOURS OR
GASES
NOT SUITABLE FOR PUMPING FLUIDS CONTAINING
SOLID PARTICLES

LOBE PUMP
RESEMBLE EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
HAVE ROTORS WITH TWO,THREE,OR FOUR
LOBES IN PLACE OF GEARS
BOTH ROTORS ARE DRIVEN
HAVE A PULSATING OUTPUT THAN
EXTERNAL GEAR PUMPS
LESS SUBJECT TO WEAR

TWO LOBE PUMP

THREE LOBE PUMP

THREE LOBE PUMP

SCREW PUMP
A HELICAL SCREW ROTOR REVOLVES IN A FIXED
CASING
CASING SHAPED SO THAT CAVITIES FORMED AT
INTAKE MOVE TOWARDS THE DISCHARGE AS THE
SCREW ROTATES
AS A CAVITY FORMS,A PARTIAL VACUUM IS
CREATED,WHICH DRAWS FLUID INTO THE PUMP
FLUID IS TRANSFERRED TO OTHER SIDE OF PUMP
INSIDE THE PROGRESSING CAVITY
SHAPE OF FIXED CASING IS SUCH THAT AT THE
DISCHARGE END OF THE PUMP THE CAVITY
CLOSES,GENERATING AN INCREASED PRESSURE
FORCING THE FLUID INTO THE OUTLET

SINGLE SCREW PUMP

MULTIPLE SCREW PUMP

SCREW PUMP
CAN PUMP LIQUIDS CONTAINING VAPOURS
OR SOLID PARTICLES
DELIVER A STEADY OUTPUT WITH
NEGLIGIBLE PULSATIONS
USED FOR PUMPING HIGHLY VISCOUS
FLUIDS
IS BULKY,HEAVY AND EXPENSIVE
IS ROBUST,SLOW TO WEAR,HAVE LONG LIFE

PLUNGER PUMP
CONSISTS OF A PLUNGER MOVING TO AND FRO IN
A CLOSE FITTING CYLINDER
CYLINDER IS CONNECTED TO SUCTION AND
DELIVERY PIPES
PROVIDED WITH NON-RETURN VALVES IN
SUCTION AND DELIVERY PIPES CALLED SUCTION
AND DELIVERY VALVE
PLUNGER IS CONNECTED TO A CRANK BY MEANS
OF A CONNECTING ROD

PLUNGER PUMP
DURING OUTWARD MOVEMENT OF PLUNGER A
PARTIALVACUUM CREATED IN CYLINDER FORCES
THE LIQUID BELOW THE SUMP TO ENTER THE
CYLINDER OPENING THE SUCTION VALVE
INWARD MOVEMENT OF PLUNGER CAUSES
PRESURE TO RISE ABOVE ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE CAUSING THE CLOSING OF SUCTION
VALVE AND OPENING OF DELIVERY VALVE
LIQUID IS FORCED UP THE DELIVERY PIPE

PLUNGER PUMP
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO LIQUID BEING IN CONTACT WITH
ONE SIDE OR BOTH SIDES OF PLUNGER
SINGLE ACTING PUMP
DOUBLE ACTING PUMP

SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER

PUMP

SINGLE ACTING PLUNGER

PUMP
HAS ONE SUCTION AND ONE
DELIVERY PIPE
IN ONE COMPLETE ROTATION OF
CRANK THERE IS ONLY ONE
SUCTION STROKE AND ONE
DELIVERY STROKE

DOUBLE ACTING PLUNGER PUMP

DOUBLE ACTING PLUNGER

PUMP
HAS TWO SUCTION AND DELIVERY PIPES
DURING EACH STROKE WHEN SUCTION
TAKES PLACE ON ONE SIDE OF THE
CYLINDER THE OTHER SIDE DELIVERS
THE LIQUID
IN ONE ROTATION OF CRANK THERE ARE
TWO SUCTION STROKES AND TWO
DELIVERY STROKES

PLUNGER PUMP
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF CYLINDERS
PROVIDED
SINGLE CYLINDER PUMP
DOUBLE CYLINDER PUMP
TRIPLE CYLINDER PUMP

DOUBLE CYLINDER PUMP

TRIPLE CYLINDER PUMP

PLUNGER PUMP
PUMPING RATES CAN BE VARIED BY
CHANGING THE RECIPROCATING
SPEED OF PLUNGER
ALSO BY VARYING THE STROKE
LENGTH OF PLUNGER
PUMP IS EXPENSIVE BUT RELIABLE
AND DURABLE

DIAPHRAGM PUMP
PISTON IS REPLACED WITH A
PULSATING FLEXIBLE DIAPHRAGM
FLUID ENTERS AND LEAVES THE
PUMP THROUGH CHECK VALVES
DIAPHRAGMS ARE ACTUATED USING
COMPRESSED AIR OR OIL
USED FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS
CONTAINING SOLID PARTICLES

MECHANICAL SEAL
USE OF HIGHER SPEEDS, HOT AND CORROSIVE
LIQUID
CONSIDERABLE PACKING TROUBLE
FRICTION OF PACKING CAUSING DAMAGE TO
SHAFT,SLEEVE
LEAK PROOF CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRECISION
LAPPED CARBON RING REVOLVING AGAINIST A
MATED PRECISION LAPPED METAL RING
REVOLVING PART TIRNS WITH THE SHAFT
STATIONARY RING IS HELD BY PUMP CASING
SEALING JOINT IS BETWEEN TWO FLAT SURFACES

MECHANICAL SEAL

SILICON CARBIDE
TUNSTEN CARBIDE
CARBON

COUPLINGS
RIGID COUPLING
TO CONNECT SHAFTS IN PERFECT ALIGNMENT
MUFF COUPLING
FLANGED COUPLING
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
CROWN PIN COUPLING
TYRE COUPLING
FLEXIBLE BELT COUPLING

FLEXIBLE BUSH
COUPLING

RRS ASSEMBLY

RRS COUPLING PARTS

RRS DIS-ASSEMBLED

S W ASSEMBLY

S W COUPLING PARTS

L ASSEMBLY

L COUPLING PARTS

CURVED TOOTH FLEXIBLE GEARED

COUPLING

TYRE COUPLING

TYRE FOR TYRE COUPLING