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Visual Symbols

The document discusses different types of visual symbols that can be used for instructional purposes, including drawings, sketches, cartoons, comics, diagrams, charts, graphs, maps, and posters. It provides details on each type, such as how cartoons can metaphorically tell stories through pictures without captions, while diagrams are simplified drawings that show relationships primarily through lines and symbols. The document also gives guidelines for effective use of visuals, such as making sure they are directly relevant to the audio content and big enough to be seen.

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bt17
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
210 views

Visual Symbols

The document discusses different types of visual symbols that can be used for instructional purposes, including drawings, sketches, cartoons, comics, diagrams, charts, graphs, maps, and posters. It provides details on each type, such as how cartoons can metaphorically tell stories through pictures without captions, while diagrams are simplified drawings that show relationships primarily through lines and symbols. The document also gives guidelines for effective use of visuals, such as making sure they are directly relevant to the audio content and big enough to be seen.

Uploaded by

bt17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SYM

VISUAL SYMBOLS ARE REPRESENTATIONS OF DIRECT


REALITY, WHICH COMES IN THE FORM OF SIGNS AND
SYMBOLS. THE FOLLOWING IS A DETAILED
DISCUSSION ON THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF VISUAL
SYMBOLS, WHICH ARE DRAWINGS, SKETCHES,
CARTOONS, COMICS OR STRIP DRAWING,
DIAGRAMS, CHARTS AND GRAPHS, MAPS, AND
POSTERS.

RULES OF THUMBS IN USING


VISUALS
1. VISUALS MUST BE DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE AUDIO CONTENT.
2. REDUNDANCY BETWEEN VISUALS AND AUDIO MUST BE AVOIDED. IF
WORDS ARE DISPLAYED, VIEWERS MUST BE GIVEN TIME TO READ IT.
3. VISUAL DISPLAYS SHOULD BE BIG ENOUGH TO BE SEEN BY THE FARTHEST
PUPIL.
4. VISUAL DISPLAYS MUST BE ATTRACTIVE.
5. VISUAL DISPLAYS MUST BE AESTHETICALLY PRESENTED TO MAINTAIN
GOOD TASTE.

KINDS OF VISUAL SYMBOLS


1. CARTOONS

CARTOONS TELL STORIES METAPHORICALLY THROUGH PICTURES,

WHICH NEED NO CAPTIONS. SYMBOLISM CONVEYS MESSAGES,


LESS WORDS MORE SYMBOLISM THE BETTER. THE CARTOON
PRESENTS A CERTAIN ISSUE OR CONCERN WHICH COULD BE EITHER
FOR OR AGAINST IT.

IT IS A PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OR CARICATURE


OF A PERSON, IDEA, SITUATION OR ISSUE THAT IS
DESIGNED TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION.
THEREFORE CARTOONS MUST BE PRESENTED IN A
CHALLENGING MANNER. FOR BETTER
UNDERSTANDING THEY SHOULD BE DRAWN AROUND
A SINGLE IDEA.

SUGGESTION FOR THE USE OF CARTOONS

A. APPROPRIATENESS TO EXPERIENCE LEVEL. THE AGE AND THE EXPERIENCE OR MATURITY OF THE

TARGET LEARNERS MUST BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION.


B. SIMPLICITY CONTAINS ONLY THE ESSENTIAL FEATURES. THE CARTOON MUST NOT CONTAIN
SO MANY DETAILS.
C. BREVITY OF CAPTIONS IF EVER BUT THEY MAY NOT BE GIVEN ANY. SHORT AND DIRECT
CAPTIONS ARE USED WHEN NECESSARY ONLY.
D. USE OF CLEAR SYMBOLS. USE SYMBOLS THAT ARE CONVENTIONAL, LIKE; THE DOVE TO MEAN
DEATH; THE TURTLE TO MEAN SLOW OR SLUGGISHNESS AND OTHERS.
E. ADEQUATENESS OF SIZE. THE CARTOON SHOULD BE BIG ENOUGH TO BE SEEN AND APPRECIATED.
CARTOONS COULD BE USED FOR MOTIVATION, FOR FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY AND FOR EVALUATION
PURPOSES.

2. POSTERS

A POSTER IS COMBINATION OF BOLD DESIGNS AND

COLOR PRIMARILY INTENDED TO CATCH ATTENTION


ON A SIGNIFICANT FACT, IDEA OR MESSAGE. SIMPLY
STATED, A POSTER IS A PICTURE WITH
APPROPRIATE CAPTION.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POSTER

1. IT MUST BE BOLD AND SIMPLE BUT DRAMATIZES FEATURES.

2. IT MUST BE APPROPRIATE TO THE GRADE LEVEL AND TO THE SUBJECT AND PURPOSE AND
PURPOSES.
3. IT MUST HAVE ONLY LIMITED TEXT, FEW WORDS ARE GENERALLY USED AND KEY WORDS ARE
MADE TO STANDOUT BY MEANS OF TYPE SIZE OR POSITION.
4. IT MUST BE ATTRACTIVE, PLEASING TO THE EYES.
5. DESIGN AND COLOR MUST BE GIVEN CONSIDERATION.
COMPOSITION, COLOR AND TECHNIQUE ARE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS IN EFFECTIVE POSTER
PREPARATION. IT REQUIRES A CENTER OF INTEREST. COLOR PROVIDES MEANING AND EXPRESSION
AS WELL AS BEAUTY.
6. IT MUST HAVE ELEMENTS OF DYNAMISM AND SHOCK.
POSTERS ARE BEST USED FOR MOTIVATION AND FOR CREATIVE EXPERIENCE AS DEPICTING IDEAS,
CONCEPTS AND GENERALIZATIONS TO SUMMARIZE A CELEBRATION OR A UNIT.

3. DRAWINGS AND SKETCHES

THESE ARE CRUDE AND SIMPLE LINES, WHICH ARE EFFECTIVE IN


SHOWING WHAT NEEDS TO BE SHOWN WITH SUFFICIENT
CLARITY, TO MAKE THE MEANING VIVID TO LEARNERS OR
STUDENTS.

THEY ARE DRAWINGS WITH NO ILLUSION OF DEPTH BUT A


SMART TEACHER CAN USE THEM IN A VERY EFFECTIVE WAY IN
EXPLAINING AND SHOWING IDEAS AND CONCEPTS

4. DIAGRAMS

DIAGRAMS ARE SIMPLIFIED DRAWINGS DESIGNED TO SHOW

INTERRELATIONSHIP PRIMARILY BY MEANS OF LINES AND


SYMBOLS. THEY ARE USED TO EXPLAIN RATHER THAN TO
REPRESENT. IT IS A DRAWING THAT SHOWS ARRANGEMENT
AND RELATIONSHIP, AS PARTS TO A WHOLE, RELATIVE VALUES,
ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENTS, CHRONOLOGICAL FLOW,
FLUCTUATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS.

THE DIAGRAM IS USED TO CONDENSE VISUAL

SUMMARIES OF FACTS; THE IDEAS RELY HEAVILY ON


SYMBOLIC MEANS. HOWEVER IT MUST BE REMEMBERED
THAT IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE IF IT HAS A STRONG
FOUNDATION BECAUSE IT WORKS BETTER FOR
SUMMARIZING RATHER THEN INTRODUCING A LESSON. IT
CAN BE USED SINGLY BUT IT IS BETTER IF IT IS USED
SIMULTANEOUSLY WITH OTHER MATERIALS.

5. CHARTS

CHARTS ARE GRAPHIC OR PICTORIAL

REPRESENTATIONS OF A LARGE MASS OF


INFORMATION OR SHOW PROGRESSION THRU TIME
AND SPACE OF PEOPLE OR EVENTS, IDEAS AND
OBJECTS.

KINDS OF CHARTS AND EXAMPLES


1. DATA CHART CONTAINS ITEMS OF INFORMATION OF ALL

SORTS ESPECIALLY QUANTITATIVE DATA.

2. PICTORIAL CHART

USE RELEVANT PICTURES TO PRESENT DATA OR INFORMATION ON


QUANTIFIABLE DATA OVER A SPECIFIC PERIOD OR CONDITION.

3. SCHEMATIC CHART

SHOWS A PRINCIPLE OR A LAW AS APPLIED LIKE THAT OF


REFRIGERATION

4. DIAGRAMMATIC CHART

VERB CHART IS POPULAR EXAMPLE

5. MULTIPLE LEAF CHART INTERNAL WORKING PARTS OF A MACHINE

6. PHANTOM VIEW CHART SHOWS HIDDEN PARTS OF A MACHINE WITHOUT


OBLITERATING THE OUTER PARTS
7. DEVELOPMENT OR PROGRESS CHART PROFILE OF A PLACE OR A PERSON
8. TABLE CHART BUS TRIPS
9. TIME AND TABULAR CHART PRESIDENTS AND THEIR TERM OF OFFICE
10. STREAM OR TREE CHART FAMILY TREE
11. FLOW OR ORGANIZATIONAL CHART SCHOOL PERSONNEL CHART, LIFE
CYCLE OF A FROG OR THE WATER CYCLE.

6. GRAPHS

GRAPHS PRESENT QUANTITATIVE DATA FOR EASIER

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. IT SHOWS


COMPARATIVE RELATIONSHIP OF DATA INVOLVED IN
SIZE, TRENDS AND GROWTH. GRAPHS ARE BEST
USED IN DEVELOPING AND IN SUMMARIZING A UNIT.

KINDS OF GRAPHS

1. LINE GRAPH IS THE MOST ACCURATE OF ALL GRAPHS USED IN PLOTTING TRENDS
OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TWO SERIES OF DATA. IT IS USED WHEN THERE IS A
CONSIDERABLE NUMBER OF DATA TO BE PLOTTED AND IF THESE DATA ARE
CONTINUOUS

2. BAR GRAPHS SIMPLEST OF ALL GRAPHS TO READ. THEY ARE

REPRESENTED EITHER BY VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL BARS. THE LENGTHS OF


THE BARS REPRESENT AN AMOUNT OR PERCENTAGE DATA. IT IS BEST WHEN
NUMBER OF VALUES TO BE COMPARED IS SMALL.

3. CIRCLE OR PIE GRAPH THE SECTIONS OF WHICH ARE USED TO

REPRESENT COMPONENT PARTS OF A WHOLE. THEY ALWAYS


PRESENT TOTAL AMOUNTS, THEIR PARTS OR SEGMENTS ARE
CALCULATED IN PERCENTAGE OR FRACTIONAL PARTS OF A WHOLE.

4. AREA OR SOLID GRAPHS USE FOR THE SIMPLEST

QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON THRU THE USE OF GEOMETRIC


SHAPES. IT IS USED TO COMPARE TWO OR THREE RELATED
TOTALS.

5. PICTORIAL STATISTICS OR PICTOGRAPH IT MAKES USE OF RELATED


PICTURES IN SHOWING QUANTITATIVE DATA. PICTURES GIVE REALISM
AND INTEREST SO IT IS WIDELY USED SPECIALLY IN THE ELEMENTARY
GRADES.

7. STRIP DRAWING OR COMIC STRIP

STRIP DRAWINGS ARE RECOMMENDED FOR THEIR

STORY VALUE IN ADAPTATION OF THE CLASSICS. THEY


ARE AFFECTIVE IN INSTRUCTION NOT ONLY BECAUSE
THEY ARE SIMPLE, CLEAR AND EASY TO READ BUT
BECAUSE THEY DEAL WITH MATERIALS THAT HAS BEEN
MADE PERSONAL.

COMICS IS A FORM OF CARTOONING IN WHICH THE SAME CAST

OF CHARACTERS FORM A STORY IN SEQUENCE OF CLOSELY


RELATED DRAWINGS, DESIGNED TO ENTERTAIN THE READERS.
THEY ARE USUALLY ENJOYED BY ELEMENTARY PUPILS AS WELL AS
SECONDARY STUDENTS BECAUSE OF THEIR SIMPLICITY,
ATTRACTIVENESS, COLOR AND RELEVANT PLOT. THE USES OF
SUPER HEROES OR FANTASY THEMES ADD INTEREST TO THE
LEARNERS. THUS THE USE OF THE COMIC STRIP IN FACILITATING
INSTRUCTION MUST BE USED TO THE MAXIMUM.

VALUES DERIVED FROM THE STRIP DRAWINGS


1. INCREASES INTEREST IN THE SUBJECT
2. INDIVIDUALIZES AND PERSONALIZES
INSTRUCTION FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF PUPILS
3. SERVES AS A VALUABLE PRACTICE IN READING
4. WIDENS READING INTEREST

REASONS FOR USING COMICS STRIP


1. IT IS EASY TO READ SO IT ENCOURAGES READING
2. IT BUILDS VOCABULARY
3. IT SATISFIES THE COLLECTORS INTEREST IN ACQUIRING
COPIES
4. IT PROVIDES EXCITEMENT
5. IT IS INEXPENSIVE
6. IT SATISFIES THE CHILDRENS IDEA OF ART

8. MAPS

MAPS ARE USUALLY SHOWN ON FLAT SURFACE

AND ARE USED TO REPRESENT THE SURFACE OF


THE EARTH OR SOME PARTS OF IT, SHOWING THE
RELATIVE SIZE AND POSITION ACCORDING TO
SCALE OR PROJECTION AND POSITION
REPRESENTED.

MAPS ACCORDING TO CONTENT

A. PHYSICAL MAP ALSO CALLED RELIEF MAPS, THEY ARE


THE BEST BECAUSE OF THEIR THREE DIMENSIONAL
REPRESENTATION; WHICH INCLUDES GEOGRAPHICAL
OUTLINE OF LAND AND WATER. COMMERCIAL OR
ECONOMIC MAPS- ALSO KNOWN AS PRODUCT OR
INDUSTRIAL MAP SINCE THEY SHOW LAND AREA IN
RELATION TO THE ECONOMY

B. POLITICAL MAP SHOWS


NATIONAL BOUNDARIES
DOWN TO THE SMALLEST
DIVISION

MAPS ACCORDING TO FORM


A. CHALKBOARD OUTLINE MAP
B. STUDENT OUTLINE MAPS
C. PROJECTED MAPS
D. WALL MAPS (DECORATIVE MAPS)
E. ATLAS COLLECTION OF MAPS
F. SAND TABLE MAP
G. PICTORIAL MAPS

POINTS TO REMEMBER IN UTILIZING MAPS FOR


TEACHING

1. MAKE SURE THAT THE PUPILS OR STUDENTS


COMPREHEND THE PURPOSE OF THE MAP
2. PROMOTE OR DEVELOP POSITIVE EMOTIONAL ATTITUDE
3. ALLOW AMPLE TIME FOR PUPILS FIRST LOOK
4. MAKE SURE THEY UNDERSTAND MAP SYMBOLISM

PURPOSES FOR WHICH MAPS ARE BEING USED

1. TO ENABLE STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND BOTH RELATIVE AND EXACT POSITION OF POLITICAL UNITS,
LAND MASSES AND POLITICAL AREA.
2. TO FURNISH INFORMATION CONCERNING AREAS, DISTANCES, DIRECTIONS, SHAPES, SIZE AND
RELATIONSHIPS
3. TO PROVIDE ORIENTATION AND MEANS OF VISUALIZING LARGE AND REMOTE AREAS
4. TO CLARIFY MATERIALS
5. TO PROVIDE VISUAL BASIS OR COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
6. TO PROVIDE MEANS OF REGIONAL SYNTHESIS
7. TO PROVIDE INTEREST AND STIMULATION TO LEARN MORE ABOUT PEOPLE, GEOGRAPHICAL
INFLUENCES AND PLACES
8. TO ENABLE STUDENTS TO TRACE MOVEMENTS, MIGRATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE,
VEGETATION, ANIMAL LIFE AND CULTURE
9. TO SERVE AS ONE METHOD OF STUDY FOR RECORDING PURPOSES
10. TO PROVIDE AN OBJECT TEST MEANS FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF MEASUREMENTS
11. TO FURNISH MEANS OF SELF-EXPRESSION IN UNIT AND PROJECT STUDY.

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