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Physics I Class 11: Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy in Spring Systems

This document covers potential and kinetic energy in spring systems. It discusses: 1. Potential energy due to gravity and springs, and the conservation of mechanical energy for springs. 2. How energy flows in pendulums and ideal springs as they oscillate, with kinetic energy highest and potential energy lowest at the extremes, and vice versa at the equilibrium point. 3. Hooke's law for ideal springs and the effects of adding gravity to a spring system, resulting in a new equilibrium point. 4. The total potential energy of a spring system accounts for both gravitational and elastic potential energy.

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Kevin Lyman
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39 views

Physics I Class 11: Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy in Spring Systems

This document covers potential and kinetic energy in spring systems. It discusses: 1. Potential energy due to gravity and springs, and the conservation of mechanical energy for springs. 2. How energy flows in pendulums and ideal springs as they oscillate, with kinetic energy highest and potential energy lowest at the extremes, and vice versa at the equilibrium point. 3. Hooke's law for ideal springs and the effects of adding gravity to a spring system, resulting in a new equilibrium point. 4. The total potential energy of a spring system accounts for both gravitational and elastic potential energy.

Uploaded by

Kevin Lyman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics I

Class 11

Potential Energy and


Kinetic Energy in
Spring Systems
10-1

Review Potential Energy


Gravitational Potential Energy

U g m g ( y y0 ) m g h
(Choose y0 at a convenient location.)
Spring Potential Energy
1
2

U s k ( x x0 ) 2
(x0 is the equilibrium position and k is the spring
constant. Note: k is always positive.)

10-2

Review Energy Conservation


Recall the Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem:

Wnet K

For the conservative forces we have,

U Wcons

If the non-conservative forces are negligible, then

Wnet Wcons

Putting it together,

K U or | K U 0 |
ie., the total energy, K+U, is conserved.
10-3

Flow of Energy in a Pendulum

10-4

Flow of Energy for an Ideal Spring


K = max
U=0

K=0

K=0

U = max

U = max
Put x=0 at the equilibrium

K = max

position.

U=0
10-5

Hookes Law for an Ideal Spring


Fspring (N)

+1

y (cm)
0

+10

+20

Fspring -k ( y - y0 )

What are the values of k and y0 for this spring?


10-6

Gravity + Spring
Fgrav
y (cm)
-10

10

Fnet
new equilibrium point
y (cm)

Fspring
-10

10

y (cm)
-10

10

10-7

Gravity + Spring
Pick y=0 at the new equilibrium position.
U U grav U spring

1
(mg ) y k ( D y ) 2
2

where D y0spring y0spring grav


1
1
U (mg ) y kD 2 kDy ky 2
2
2
Now substitute kD mg and drop the constant term,
1
1
U (mg ) y (mg ) y ky 2 ky 2
2
2
or, in terms of force,

F net F grav F spring mg (mg ky ) ky


10-8

Potential Energy of Net Force


Fnet

y (cm)
-10

10
-1

What is Utot at y=0.1 meters.


10-9

Take-Away Concepts
1. Potential Energy defined for a conservative force:
U Wcons
2. Conservation of energy for an ideal spring:
K U or | K U 0 |
1
U spring k ( y y0 ) 2 [y0 is the equilibrium position.]
2

3. Potential energy of gravity plus spring:


1
U total k ( y y0 ) 2 [y0 is the new equilibrium position.]
2

10-10

Activity #11
Energy in a Spring System
Objective of the Activity:
1.
2.

Use LoggerPro to study mechanical energy in a


spring system.
Consider how kinetic energy, potential energy,
and total mechanical energy vary with position.

10-11

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