0% found this document useful (0 votes)
498 viewsPreparation For Exam
Istruct Preparation
Uploaded by
SewGuanCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
498 viewsPreparation For Exam
Istruct Preparation
Uploaded by
SewGuanCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 18
Whitby & Bird
gineers
paar STRUCT
maine Puer 3 Exah
| is |
saar) exo | Queno | TPory
1g |. 9.30] Reno Thersen, Quections ID cHonse ONE
{aoe |. Moves os cist Reancesenrs ANS a6 evr
J fj | tase Atumenint & percemine Srevement Deer
| PO1sciss FoNbSre apsiont » Lise Ansa HES
(0.06 | ious] WaiTe orion 1 |
| 2 SkeTCH Of TypKAL Fleck PLAN Aus Scr]
- 2 DgAU LeAoeATIs AND. RELEASE 08 x Gib Tonal
2 Si2mG of Geni, Fomosmins fo evra Ferer|
* Waste Afeor | Lone newiped PAM Avd Rocesroci,
| Evarne seerenes
Vo. kS | 1.30 WRITE oftion 2
+ Seren oF @AN
DRM LenDpAmls MvO Reuters 9 Mau Torts]
Sree op Bebb ;fomonnens vo sme Aeron
o WRITE AGaor lent TRIMiPee (iow id cue
Fuewne SKETCHES, 4
11.40.} (2.00} Weire LetreR
3430 | Loo} Stat GAS
[eo igo | Eon ay
4-30. 2.30 | CALONATIONS -LiF zeeeénces Lakes «rcpt. nee]
2.39.) 8-30} Compete Garr Seerane
4.30 | 4.00] Deraics
4.00 | 4.30] paer CF)
b.30 | 5.00] CHEck over Woah, ‘Substructure Design
raw soil profile and note water level
Presumed bearing capacities;
Dry: SGBP =2C= 10N
Wet: SGBP 26. = SN
Carry ovt feasibility calculation based on characteristic loads for 2 separate options.
Select type of foundation depending on soil type and superstructure loads ic. ground
bearing or piled.
Do not excavate deeper than 2m as itis generally cheaper to pile due to temporary works.
J) Nove formation levels if ground bearing.
Softclay~ Do not ute raft a differential setlement.
Always pile with friction grip as differential setlement a risk
Ignore capacities of fil above and top 3m of pile
Factor of Safety =3 typically although in sit tests can reduce this,
‘Capacity = <(0.45C x perimeter x height) + (9C x bearing eea)> 13
Chalk ——_Risk of swallow holes.
Pile capacity as above
Gravel Good ground beating
Ifpiling always sleve through temporary or permanent.
Single ple instead of groups of piles, sve programme time nd allow sts columns tobe
‘connected to piles and supesiucture erection to continve, before subsroctare works begin
),imearest No ple cps ate ried lhough there may be sear hickeningsacund pile
hea or heave of basement sab do to cay andor hydrostatic pressure. NAAM arum
Pap Base Design
wormare THE VALUE OF LOADING AT WHICH
Ferenc, ~ G€ousd CAWS Ind SHEAR,
Caencird Cpivine BY PACTS. OF SREETH
To ger SARE BeAeMG CAPACITY),
Saree THe Value of Decwy Loans (ceevicagim
@ Beran, - wine Cas Be cAegied UiTHour
Carne |, SHene Faituee SE CeouwD.
(fos. wo te oxpee om 2%)
Auowase THe Maxime ALroomere NET
\@ WET Ferenk,- Leanicg MmMTEVSITY AT THE BASE
Carnet, TAKING | AtLonwT OF THE ULTIMATE
BeAems, CAPACTH , THE AtwornT oF
SETEMENT. ExfecieD & THE ABILITY
QF THE STeuCMME TO Accommeten TE
Semen
@® > dwiwe Bu Fectee of sapevu (2-55
Awd ComnFae€ To SELUCE LOADS.
@L@> Comme Te Secvice Loans,
4QERKSTOEL 4KERKSTOEL
2000+ BETON
NibUSiRiewes 11 2.2280 GRoBBENCONK
+32 0114 500038 foe 632114 $0 22 46 -hp:/ ww bro be FounbA TIoNS
Sost cHaeacreamics To NoTe
Type pls points rans poate
Gree! + Good furbtizen highly permeable
£ASY be ol}. clewa ler) Ln
vey Bxcmuabort (y
Probie tre be
Nanke + Pood Bearing sa + tonmadiat, Stbelebn as,
) election to Hr. a At ty loose
ecg ar a
+ long Pevm + excavation below
LOS poli Water Cable can
Prekee Jrouncl unctebl
(PiPg ante sr well
PoinPr Used th goune
Water! lowari-d
+ Vibra Eton Settle nek
tue to machinery efe
ik + beara comparable Se ttleprent
ae wile’ Sande Severe than “Senet,
: oan Lilons Wr
titficule (piping
+ Diffoull Bee ee
el. * ercavat'en below. Suseptab le to
“4 WaT gen erealy ok Seasonal velumehte
See SEER /hsene
+ geod te pili . f I
Fenced fer) S ” Sole Gea hig
‘ower con soli ctetea )
boulder é + Nigh bea © beuldert > Zoo mn make
chey ase header. Piling exttremety difficult
lacy) Coklent™ slight fecre ee a
cag WhO FS rept inn
te etary Cos
bart Ohnelks Galleys Woles call be fis?
Foun DATIoNS
So//s
Typical seils investigation /date given
vP oe “y exA
Lh MADE Geound er
SAniay Fever
-30 ae
c= koks/m2
oy
-1s LI c= Zk) *
© Allowable Bearing Spacity qa
Ja, 13 allowed intensity of opphiedl pressure
A taking inte account shear Peihae ane
Settlenent wikk an included fachr fi galety
Cems and Crowds), ~ Bo
& Cokesionless Soils CNote in very wide purdakor,
these relatinnships ts pat
Dg TON EN? there M (Standage
a Penetrakon valve)
BM kite? where grunt Waler
4a coed YB
ye Ame Te 8
. \ : ;
% va vel "Ya BH he ohh
‘ Taw eM.
aaa an ( ays)
+ Cohesive Seils
g = 26 + V2
Zz vi 3
dq Ze C#
Evaluation of Suitable Founclation
ae er Saitaple Founclation
bi Divide haracteristic laa! by 7, &
Jive foundation area.
2 check using 4 Kat qa at
Various deohs “lz Z)\ os Mol exceave,
iT doen
3 limit of qq beck
- 1:58 (sauace
(Garin sravansy’ © _) Yin
Velection of Suitable Kund.
on
tH fetal WE of building S atowable
Specity of Sil in Upper 4.Sn — Shallous
foundation! are ruled out,
2 Some Suites. shallow pourdadione
Ce Sto /Tranen fi (3. Sin max cleprl.)
(U- Mass Conc. Pierc, ue h 3.0 deeye in tanh
(Ot Shested gai 7 Sa ES
Gl-es > Bom dia lage cia, hort bores piers
apts ASm agp.
(Raft maybe uses where Fa i8 Sows enw
for Se He anante Central, many axvete de mater og
3 beep foundations Sas — piles. EQUNDATION NOTES
GENERAL
‘+ Foundation are approximately 30% cheaper for steel as compared to concrete
‘+ Excavations deeper than LOm need shoring
CONSIDERATIONS
Services (buried or overground)
Buried obstructions
Adjacent structures
Groundwater
Frost resistance
PAD FOOTINGS
© treatesive sis can
>
‘Ukimate bearing capacity, ge=CuNe
Allowable beacing expacity, 4.
Hence: gef5.14 x C3
+ Inno 7
When given,
Find Ds Not: Deis depth to otom of footing fom Ground Level
Bis te width considered
Use figure 110 give
‘Consider water table effect:=
unex Ce Note: Ce=0.5 for rats
CL =05 + Dlr +B)
Dy is dep to water table from ground level
Note @=013 for fissured clay
(a= 045 for firm to stffelay
Noe 7" 2.0 whenno pile test
‘7=2.5 when pile text used
een
penvers)
bese) PAD [Stee Ar Foun DATION
~ Sypieat
+ For concentric loacting ;
iNner column
Chara cten'stie each = La
= Size
For small eccentineity 4
Consider .
Bm
Lela M
oA Zz
igri Gicity — boundan
Foe significant eccenGicity pens
Wale hon
asi. batlancec!
GY using
bake cut eccontres
founda bien
+ — fa}
ae
chy pee ueLier
ee Kone ceenees
BY INNER Colin Lod
ks Ke
SIZE w2€
z Delermined
4/Ae
Inner Col, load. PAD / St&EAD FOUN BATION
qu
« Min cept J Sra
orn | te
7 7 -
majority ef serfs hom
clays Zea
» SOA ardotions Jrenly Unveintircees
Stile Pesca te widhh suc! Hat -feoag
Spread 45
2° Pads plan size clictotes ey qa
but check Pads are nat So large at to
. ae
Jeretate an tenpracticads Sitrotion
eo pad thickness use Table 5G
Green Book fe determine A ratio Ban mn
(Gil & Stuctural Consuting Engineers
Calculations
TocnTN Pires yourery WU Sreuctuees EXAM
Ty, pes / Advantage Hvadvantes.
Briven ;
Can dArive te Vibra ton
ner dled heer gi Be Listevbancat
TERR. I~ pi en gh is variable to adyoing
"Femur 6. Ly et / dni Jeting §
Vartation Norse
vecittence of Wel cifye (tool,
peammerea fer 2a above
Water poblept (BATONS fr ule
negate reenaeny
aia EY parbicul
~cortinnrons flight
Anger
[rag
\
as |
peaks cating
Coreyre
Use ted im ct:
Sei/T phe rein}
Ses PTR heh gh nels
welf Sfeerting o “
seh ale: Waisting
Bxisting bd: ling hecking” jn.
gna i Ci Sq 120!
Builé tape Keno greens?
Ag abwe AY
ied OS low
oe Slow methoa, TABLE 44 Bucy Ke
neue 7 Norma
‘ —— ed
Tine 1 | Upwoomnxoome| upte20m | Upte 800Kn
amaine | 2 | Upto4somms4a0:mm | Upto27%m | Upto 000 Kn
cose
ravens | 9 | yUBesoomesane | upso27m | upto 10 Kn :
tome to fe vet 25m | Unto 1500Kn
ve |e vp936m | pw 100K
ey
YQ at )
vrem |-6 vvwaim | usteroxe | >)
som | 7 upw2im | upte2s00Ke
a) © | 450mmt 600mm | Uptos0m | Upto 200 Ke
fermen | Sa
= mie © | asommtesoonn a. | upto 18m | Upto soon
caig_| eorem
Teme | con 410 | 220mm cc0mmds, | Uot2¢m | Unto 1500Kn
sapere
9 = et |_ NOTA of ae ante . ,
(0. cute etadtoing| MS: | 1a ae
mec | a, 11 | ss0mmoeconm dn. | Unto 26m| Unto 1200Kn
ee [us 12 | ccommaa.andone | Upto4im| Upto 100K»
‘Seaigtt |.43 | e00mmto 1 soon | Upta45m| Upto 10000 Ko
ame .
frorry |S | unde yg | Ag above with tatu 1
Bored reamed ‘Stimes shaft diameter” | YP%45™| joes posse.
(GEA)
ce 15 | 225mm oss0mnas. | upte38m| Upto 100K »
‘Waterman Partnership oate
Conautng Engen ~
me PILE... DESIEN sm.
[Ha Giend f
oe Eee Us aere
CORN COPE TEES aes
~ Meg i bea“ SIA
or ous C8 2b keldn®
Boges ont seein 4.
Mth i. fidedd cogs
Vet ‘Waterman Partnership om.
Consuting Engineers =
din Uofeml folio. dh prosiin,
fab Be Side the ple te cr
Dich prttac. ogi f
uBR ee 2 bladed ir Std
owes Alle nd tenet
“ple f Fociog.-bboes th. nid
hhc
