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Digestion System

The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It begins with the mouth, where food is broken down mechanically by teeth and chemically by saliva. It then discusses the esophagus, stomach, small intestine (including the duodenum, jejunum and ileum), pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, rectum, anus, and appendix. Throughout the digestive system, organs secrete enzymes and acids to further break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body.

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54 views

Digestion System

The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It begins with the mouth, where food is broken down mechanically by teeth and chemically by saliva. It then discusses the esophagus, stomach, small intestine (including the duodenum, jejunum and ileum), pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, rectum, anus, and appendix. Throughout the digestive system, organs secrete enzymes and acids to further break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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The Digestive System

By: Table 2
Names: Leshay P., Joycelyn L., Delaney W.,
Katherine S., Majed A., Kirk B.

Mouth

The mouth is the beginning of the


digestive system, this is where we start
the digestion of our food.
There is two ways we break the food
down: Mechanical and Chemical
Mechanical: This when we chew up
the food with our teeth to make it
smaller and make it easier to digest.
Chemical: This is when the saliva and
enzymes break down the food and
getting out all of the carbohydrates.

Pharynx and Epiglottis

The Epiglottis has an important job of


covering our food tube and air tube.
When we swallow the Epiglottis covers
our trachea so food does not go to the
lungs.
The Pharynx allows solids and liquids
that we swallow to go through the
esophagus and also allows air to go
through the trachea.

Esophagus
Whats an Esophagus?

A esophagus is a long muscular tube that is connected to the throat and stomach

that is all part of the digestive system.

A esophagus is about 8 inches long.


The esophagus carry food, liquids, and saliva from the mouth

What do the esophagus do?

The esophagus transports food to the stomach by its

muscular lining.
Fact

The acids of the stomach can wind up travel up the

esophagus and the lining of the tube can't resist acids


like the stomach can.
http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/esophagus

Stomach
The stomach receives food from the
esophagus.
As food reaches the end of the esophagus,
it enters the stomach through a muscular
valve called the lower esophageal
sphincter.
The stomach secretes acid and enzymes
that digest food.
This major organ acts as a storage tank for
food so that the body has time to digest
large meals properly.
The stomach also contains hydrochloric
acid and digestive enzymes that continue
the digestion of food that began in the
mouth.

Gallbladder
Its primary function
is to store and
concentrate bile
Food enters the
small intestine and
signals the
gallbladder to
secrete bile

The bile helps


the digestive
process
Its used to break
up and digest
fatty foods in the
small intestine.

Pancreas
The Pancreas is two glands in
one organ.
Exocrine cells help with
digestion of food
Exocrine cells release enzymes
into Pancreatic Duct
Main PD drains fluid from
exocrine cells into the
duodenum

Small Intestine
The small intestine is made up three parts;
The Duodenum, Jejunum & Ileum.
The small intestine is a winding, tightly
folded tube about 20 ft (6 m) long in adults.
The lining of the small intestine has tiny,
finger-shaped tissues (villi).

The Duodenum

The duodenum is the first 25 to


30 cm of the small intestine.
This is where most of the
chemical digestion takes place.
Connects the stomach to the
jejunum
Its main function is to receive
partially-digested food from the
stomach, and then complete
the process of digestion.

Jejunum
The jejunum is the
second (middle)
section of the small
intestine.
responsible for
absorbing nutrients
into the bloodstream
Connects the
duodenum to ileum.

Ileum

The ileum is the end of the small


intestine
It is composed of muscular walls
which enable the mixing and
pushing of the food forward during
the contraction or peristalsis
process.
The ileum receives good blood
supply while passing by the walls
and receive food molecules which
are further transported to liver
through hepatic portal vein.

Large Intestine

The final section of the gastrointestinal is


the large intestine
The large intestine consists of the cecum
and colon
one major function of the large intestine
is to absorb water from the remaining
indigestible food matter and transmit the
useless waste material from the body
The rectum is 10 cm in length in the
adult.

The Appendix
Functions of the Appendix:
The function of the appendix is unknown. One theory is that
the appendix acts as a storehouse for good bacteria,
rebooting the digestive system after diarrheal illnesses.
Other experts believe the appendix is just a useless remnant
from our evolutionary past. Surgical removal of the appendix
causes no observable health problems.
Appendixs conditions:

Appendicitis: For unclear reasons, the appendix often


becomes inflamed, infected, and can rupture. This
causes severe pain in the right lower part of the belly,
along with nausea and vomiting.
Tumors of the appendix: Carcinoid tumors secrete
chemicals that cause periodic flushing, wheezing, and
diarrhea. Epithelial tumors are growths in the appendix
that can be benign or cancerous. Appendix tumors are
rare.

Rectum & Anus


Rectum:
The rectum is at the end of the large
intestine and at the beginning of the
anus.

The rectum stores Solid feces.

Anus:
The anus is the opening canal
through which solid waste matter
leaves the body.

http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/small-intestinehtt
p://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/small-intestinehttp://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/small-intestine
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/8832.htm
http://www.webmd.com/digestive-disorders/picture-of-the-appendix
http://health.howstuffworks.com/human-body/parts/appendix2.htm
surgery.about.com/od/glossaryofsurgicalterms/g/Jejunum.htm
http://www.innovateus.net/health/what-role-ileum
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/presentations/100030_1.htm
http://www.thinglink.com/scene/485848550949781504

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