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Trig Cheat Sheet

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Trig Cheat Sheet

Uploaded by

api-284574585
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trig Cheat Sheet

Definition of the Trig Functions


Right triangle definition
For this definition we assume that
p
0 < q < or 0 < q < 90 .
2

Unit circle definition


For this definition q is any angle.
y

( x, y )
hypotenuse

opposite

q
x

q
adjacent
opposite
hypotenuse
adjacent
cos q =
hypotenuse
opposite
tan q =
adjacent

sin q =

hypotenuse
opposite
hypotenuse
sec q =
adjacent
adjacent
cot q =
opposite
csc q =

y
=y
1
x
cos q = = x
1
y
tan q =
x

sin q =

1
y
1
sec q =
x
x
cot q =
y
csc q =

Facts and Properties


Domain
The domain is all the values of q that
can be plugged into the function.
sin q , q can be any angle
cos q , q can be any angle
1

tan q , q n + p , n = 0, 1, 2,K
2

csc q , q n p , n = 0, 1, 2,K
1

sec q , q n + p , n = 0, 1, 2,K
2

cot q , q n p , n = 0, 1, 2,K

Range
The range is all possible values to get
out of the function.
csc q 1 and csc q -1
-1 sin q 1
-1 cos q 1 sec q 1 and sec q -1
- < tan q <
- < cot q <

Period
The period of a function is the number,
T, such that f (q + T ) = f (q ) . So, if w
is a fixed number and q is any angle we
have the following periods.
2p
w
2p
=
w
p
=
w
2p
=
w
2p
=
w
p
=
w

sin ( wq )

T=

cos (wq )

tan (wq )

csc (wq )

sec (wq )

cot (wq )

2005 Paul Dawkins

Formulas and Identities


Tangent and Cotangent Identities
sin q
cos q
tan q =
cot q =
cos q
sin q
Reciprocal Identities
1
1
csc q =
sin q =
sin q
csc q
1
1
sec q =
cos q =
cos q
sec q
1
1
cot q =
tan q =
tan q
cot q
Pythagorean Identities
sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1
tan 2 q + 1 = sec 2 q
1 + cot 2 q = csc 2 q
Even/Odd Formulas
sin ( -q ) = - sin q
csc ( -q ) = - csc q
cos ( -q ) = cos q

sec ( -q ) = sec q

tan ( -q ) = - tan q

cot ( -q ) = - cot q

Periodic Formulas
If n is an integer.
sin (q + 2p n ) = sin q

csc (q + 2p n ) = csc q

cos (q + 2p n ) = cos q sec (q + 2p n ) = sec q


tan (q + p n ) = tan q

cot (q + p n ) = cot q

Double Angle Formulas


sin ( 2q ) = 2sin q cos q
cos ( 2q ) = cos 2 q - sin 2 q
= 2 cos 2 q - 1
= 1 - 2sin 2 q
2 tan q
tan ( 2q ) =
1 - tan 2 q
Degrees to Radians Formulas
If x is an angle in degrees and t is an
angle in radians then
p
t
px
180t
=
t=
and x =
180 x
180
p

Half Angle Formulas


(alternate form)
1 - cos q
1
q
sin =
sin 2 q = (1 - cos ( 2q ) )
2
2
2
1 + cos q
q
=
2
2

1
(1 + cos ( 2q ) )
2
1 - cos ( 2q )
1 - cos q
q
tan =
tan 2 q =
2
1 + cos q
1 + cos ( 2q )
Sum and Difference Formulas
sin (a b ) = sin a cos b cos a sin b
cos

cos 2 q =

cos (a b ) = cos a cos b m sin a sin b


tan a tan b
1 m tan a tan b
Product to Sum Formulas
1
sin a sin b = cos (a - b ) - cos (a + b )
2
1
cos a cos b = cos (a - b ) + cos (a + b )
2
1
sin a cos b = sin (a + b ) + sin (a - b )
2
1
cos a sin b = sin (a + b ) - sin (a - b )
2
Sum to Product Formulas
a + b
a - b
sin a + sin b = 2sin
cos

2
2
a + b a - b
sin a - sin b = 2 cos
sin

2 2
a + b
a - b
cos a + cos b = 2 cos
cos

2
2
a + b a - b
cos a - cos b = -2sin
sin

2 2
Cofunction Formulas
tan (a b ) =

sin - q = cos q
2

csc - q = sec q
2

cos - q = sin q
2

sec - q = csc q
2

tan - q = cot q
2

cot - q = tan q
2

2005 Paul Dawkins

Unit Circle
y

p
2

1 3
- ,
2 2

2 2
,

2 2

3 1
- ,
2
2

( -1,0 )

3p
4

5p
6

( 0,1)

2p
3

p
3

90
120

1 3
2 , 2

p
4

60
45

135

30

p
6

3 1
2 , 2

150

p 180

3 1
- ,-
2
2

2 2
,

2 2

7p
6

2
2
,
2
2

210

360

2p

330
225

5p
4

4p
3

240

1
3
- ,
2
2

315
7p
300
270
4
5p
3p
3
2

11p
6

(1,0 )

3 1
,-
2 2

2
2
,

2
2

1
3
,
2 2

( 0,-1)

For any ordered pair on the unit circle ( x, y ) : cos q = x and sin q = y
Example
5p
cos
3

1
=
2

5p
sin
3

=2

2005 Paul Dawkins

Inverse Trig Functions


Definition
y = sin -1 x is equivalent to x = sin y

Inverse Properties
cos ( cos -1 ( x ) ) = x
cos -1 ( cos (q ) ) = q

y = cos -1 x is equivalent to x = cos y


y = tan -1 x is equivalent to x = tan y
Domain and Range
Function
Domain
y = sin -1 x

-1 x 1

y = cos -1 x

-1 x 1

y = tan -1 x

- < x <

sin ( sin -1 ( x ) ) = x

sin -1 ( sin (q ) ) = q

tan ( tan -1 ( x ) ) = x

tan -1 ( tan (q ) ) = q

Alternate Notation
sin -1 x = arcsin x

Range
p
p
- y
2
2
0 y p
p
p
- < y<
2
2

cos -1 x = arccos x
tan -1 x = arctan x

Law of Sines, Cosines and Tangents


c

b
Law of Sines
sin a sin b sin g
=
=
a
b
c

Law of Tangents
a - b tan 12 (a - b )
=
a + b tan 12 (a + b )

Law of Cosines
a 2 = b2 + c 2 - 2bc cos a

b - c tan 12 ( b - g )
=
b + c tan 12 ( b + g )

b 2 = a 2 + c 2 - 2ac cos b
c = a + b - 2ab cos g
2

a - c tan 12 (a - g )
=
a + c tan 12 (a + g )

Mollweides Formula
a + b cos 12 (a - b )
=
c
sin 12 g

2005 Paul Dawkins

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