4.1.2 ole FEM Stresses are calculated in ANSYS in :->post-processor phase Output of analysis of a 2-D truss analysis by different engineers : Stresses arc usually given in :->element local coordinates Displacements are usually given in :->global cartesian coordinates is the most important output in the analysis of most of the engineering components :->element stresses Output of analysis ofa continuum by different engineers :->varies with mesh For design check of any component, according to the design codes of many ccuntries,______ ata point is important :->max shear stress», 8. Local coordinate system used by user while modeling is same as the coordinate system used for clement stress output :->may coincide sometimes 9. Normal stress components alcag coordinate directions are useful for :->validation of results 10. A composite wall consisting of these material lagers is modeled by 1-D, 2 noded element. The size of the ness matrix is (minimum size) :->4%4 11. The stiffiness matrix of a beam is (6*6) and the beam is fixed at left end. The number of Eigen values are 4 12. The stiffness matrix of a stepped bar is of size (6%6) The bar is fixed at left end The number of eigen values are :->S 13. A uniform beam is made up of different materials for the two halves. The minimum size of mass matrix is :->6*6 14, A beam is node up of two elements. The size of the mass matrix is :->6*6 15. . In case of lumped mass matrices the total mass is distributed as follows :->Equalty ta all trans!ationa! DOF 16. The mass matrix of a beam element is of size :->4x4 17. A uniform bar of length is made of copper of half the length and Aluminum over the other half. The minimum size of the mass matrix is :->3*3 18. Lengths of longes: side and shortest side of a 2-D or 3-D element decide the :->aspect ratio 19. In consistent loads, end moment of a simply supported beam of iength 'L' with a concentrated load 'P* at the mid point is :->PL/8 20. In statically equivalent loads, end moment of a simply supported beam of length 'L' with a concentrated load ‘P' at the mid point is :->PL/4 21. In consistent loads, free end moment of a cantilever of length ‘L' with uniformly distributed load of value ’ pLyI2 * 22. In statically equivalent loads, free end moment of a cantilever of length 'L! with uniformly distributed load of value ‘p' is -->pL7/8. 23. Number of nodes siong the side +f a 2-D or 3-D element decid2 the :->urder of displacement polynomial 24, In consistent loads, end moment of a simply supported beam of length 'L’ with a uniformly distributed load of value 'p' is :->pL7/12 25. In statically equivalent loads, end moment of a simply supported beam of length 'L' with a uniformly distributed load of value 'p' is :->pL7/8 26. The process of reducing number of mid-side or internal nodes before assembling element stiffness matrices is called :->Static condensation 27. Consistent loads for a LST element with uniform pressure 'p' along an edge of length 'L’, at the two end nodes and mid-node are :->pL/6, pL/6, 2pL/3 28. A singly stepped bar is made of different materials for the two steps. The minimum size of the mass matrix is :->3%3 is same yaenn ao65. Symmetry boundary condition about an edge is applicable when :->normal loads & normal displacements at nodes on either side of the edge are equal & opposite 66. A symmetric structure can be analysed by modeling one symmetric part :->depending on applied toads & boundary conditions 67. Determinant of assembled stiffness matrix before applying boundary conditions is :->= 0 68. Assembled stiffness matrix after applying boundary conditions is NOT :->singular 69. One possible load in structural analysis is the specified :->nodal temperature 70. A singular stiffness matrix means :->one or more dof are unrestrained 71. Sector symmetry boundary condition implies____ _ along two radial edges of the sector :->same circumferential displacements in cylindrical coordinate system 72. Determinant of assembled stitfiness matrix after applying bounduty conditions is :->> 0 73. An octagonal section chimricy with hot gases inside can be analysed using ___ model :->1/8th of section 74, Cyclic symmetry boundary condition implies_____ along two edges of the sector : circumferential displacements in cylindrical coordinate system 75. Anti-symmetric boundary condition along an edge of a 2-D structure implies, applied loads are on cither side of the edge ->equal 76. Element formed by joining n+ nodes in n-dimensional space is called :->simplex element 71. A concrete pedestal is represented by :->3-D solid elements 78. Element formed with edges parallel to coordinate axes is called :->multiplex element 79. Elements having mid-side nodes only on some sides are called :->transition elements 80, Elements connecting lower order elements and higher order elements in a mesh are called :->transition elements 81. Combination of plane stress clement behaviour and plate bending behaviour forms :->Thin shell element 82. Element formed with quadratic or higher order displacement polynomial is a :->complex element 83. An element with internal nodes is classified as :->Lagrange element 84. An element with no internal nodes is classified as :->Serendipity element 85. Wrong sequencing of nodal connectivity in 2-D & 3-D problems leads to :->-ve dacobian 86. Displacement method of FEM for structural analysis gives :->stiffness matrix 87. Stiffness matrix approach is used in :->displacement method 88. Prescribed loads can form input data in :->displacement method 89. Primary variable in FEM structural analysis is :->displacement 90. In analysis by FEM it is possible to consider a non-homogencous material by changing material prope-ties within an element :->no 91. Transformation matrix relates __ >material properties 92. Transformation matrix __ _ for all elements :->depends on element axes 93. Flexibility matrix approach is used in :->force method 94, Stress boundary conditions can be prescribed in :->hybrid method 95. An analysis with I load step takes_____time conspared to analysis with 3 siinilar load cases ->> 1/3. times less 96. A single analysis with 3 similar load steps takes _ case in each :-><3 times less 97. Consistent loads are based on :->energy equivalence 98. More accurate solution is obtained when boundary conditions are applied in :->elimination approach 99. Cholesky decomposition is applicable for any :->symmetric square matrix same _ in element coordinate system with structural coordinate system := time compared to 3 analyses with single load 100, Within elastic limit, results due to a combination of loads is same as linear superposition of results by each of those loads :->always true 101. Skyline method of assembly is assembling of element stiffness matrices resulting in global stiffness matrix in the form of :>column vector of banded matrix 102, Structural damping is a function of :->miass & stiffness 103. Frontal solution needs ______ computer memory compared to banded matrix solution :->less104. Meshing is__ __ for analysis of discrete structures :->least required 105, Error in finite element analysis is usually more with :->lower order elements 106. A coarse mesh gives__ ___ results, in comparison with fine mesh :->less necurate 107. _Right form of meshing depends on assessment of _____ distribution in the component :->stress 108. Meshing a component with varying element sizes matching with an estimation of stress distribution gives ___ results, compared to uniform mesh :->better 109, Refining mesh for improving results, using higher order polynomial for displacement function is called :->p-method 110. Refining mesh for improving results, using increased number of elements is called :->h-method an. A 3-noded simply supported beam gives ___ number of frequencies :->4 112, A 4-noded cantilever gives___ number of frequencies ->6 113, An unconstrained 2-D frame with 4 nodes has____ number of zero frequencies :->3 114, Principal modes of vibration of a multi-dof system are :->orthogonal us. A frequency of value __ indicates rigtd body motion along one dof :->zero 116. Normalising eigenvector w.r.t. mass matrix is useful in :->mode superposition 17, A natural mode of vibration represents ___ at each node :->relative displacements 118, With consistent mass matrix, the differential equation of vibration refers to :->inertia coupling 119, With lumped mass matrix, the differential equation of vibration refers to :->elastie coupling 120. No. of d.o.f. per node in a triangular thermal element is :->1 121. No. of d.o.£ for a 8-noded quadrilateral thermal element is :->8 122. No. of d.o-f. for a 4-noded tetrahedran thermal element is :->4 123. No. of d.o.f. for a 6-noded triangular thermal element 124. No. of d.o.f. for a 3-noded triangular thermal element i 125. No, of d.o.f. for a 4-noded quadrilateral thermal element is :->4 126. No. of d.o.f. per node in a quadrilateral thermal element is :->1 127. Conductance matrix is the equivalent of stiffness matrix in :->t! 126. problem is solved through iterative method 129. Critical buckling load is :->dependent on mode 130. Plate bending element is an extension of :->beam element 131. Plane stress element is an extension of 132. Shape functions for a triangular plane stress element are also called :->area coordinates 133. Number of shape functions for a &-noded quadrilateral plane stress element is :->8 134, Number of shape functions for a quadrilateral plane stress element are :->4 135. Strzss-strain matriz for plane strain element, if strain is represented by sis and stress is represented by st1s, is obtained from the condition :->s..=0 136. _Stress-strain matrix for plane stress element, if strain is represented by #4 and stress is represented by st/, is obtained from the condition :-> sts = 0 137. Elasticity matrix for ___ behaviour is similar to 3-D elasticity matrix :->plane strain 138. Stress-strain matrix for plate bending element is of order :->3x3 139. Stress-strain matrix for axisymmetric element is of order :->3x3 140. No of shape functions for a triangular plane stress element are :->3 141, An element with in-plane loads having 3 nodes along each side is a :->lincar strain clement 142. Number of stress components per node calculated for a triangular axisymmetric element is :->4 143, Number of stress components per node calculated for a plane stress quadrilateral element is :->3 144. Order of stiffness matrix for an axisymmetric model with 20 nodes is :->40 145. Order of stiffness matrix for a plane stress model with 20 nodes is :->40 146. A plate of Icm thickness with in-plane loads is modeled by :->plane stress element 147, Axisymmetric structures are usually modeled in :->global cart 148. A general plate element is a superposition of ______ elements :->plane stress & plate bending 149, Actual thickness of plane strain element is :->very large29. The minimum size of mass matrix for a singly stepped bar is :->3*3 30. The Eigen value problem is stated as:>KU = MU 31. The number of cycles per unit time is called :->Frequency 32. Lagrange an is defined as given T= kinetic Energy A = Potential Energy ->L = T-A 33. The frequency equation of a bar clement is :->[k]- w? [m] = 0 34. In order to determine the natural frequencies of a bar the following is set to zero in the governing equation :->The nodal force vector 35. A uniform bar of length L, area A and density is divided into two bar elements, Mass of each element is >P AL/2 36. Analysis of a component should also consider manufacturing process, due to change in yield stress and coefficient of linear thermal expansion :->sometimes yes 37. Analysis of a component should also consider manufacturing process, due to change in Modulus of elasticity, density and Poisson's ratio :->always no 38. Thermal analysis involving temperature dependent material properties takes____ time compared to analysis involving constant material properties :->more 39. Analysis involving isotropic material takes ____ time compared to analy: material :->no significant change 40. Analysis involving linear material takes less 41. Stress analysis of a component depends on ductility of material :->always no 42. Range of Poisson's ratio for most metals is :->0.25 to 0.33 43. For orthotropic material with modulus of elasticity (E) and Poisson's ratio (p) specified along x and y directions, :-> EyPry = ExPyx 44, Elasticity matrix for an orthotropic material is :->symmetric 45. FRP material is modeled as :->homogeneous & orthotropic 46. Any point in a structure can have maximum of __ d.o.f. :->6 47. A triangular plane strain element has___ dof !>6 48. A structural thin shell triangular element has___ dof ->18 49. An axisymmetric element has __ no. of d.o.f,, compared to a plate bending element :->less ‘50. A plane stress element has __no. of d.o.f,, compared to a plate bending element :->less $1. A triangular plane stress element has___ d.o.f. :>6 52. Number of displacement polynomials used for an element depends on :->type of element 53. A thin shell element has __ no. of d.o.f,, compared to a plate bending element :->more 54. For a plate bending element, number of displacement polynomials and number of d.o.f/node are :->1,3 55. A pipe with internal pressure behaves___ _ a hollow pipe of same section :->with lesser bending deflection than : $6.___ model of a rectangular plate with a circular hole at the center, and loaded uniformly along the four edges, is adequate for analysis :->1/4 57, Small region of interest in a big component can be analysed using free body end conditions :->always true 58. Number of d.o.f. for 3-noded simply supported beam and fixed beam are :->4,2 59. Number of d.o.f. for 2-noded cantilever and propped cantilever are :->2,1 60. Sector symmetry and cyclic syrametry differ :->in the shape of sector edges 61. ___ model of a square plate with a circular hole at the center, and Icaded uniformly along the four edges, is adequate for analysis ->1/8 62. Using symmetry condition _ but gives same solutio memory and saves effort of data preparation 63. ___ model of a square plate with a rectangular hole at the center (edges parallel to the edges of the Plate), and loaded uniformly along the four edges, is adequate for analysis :->1/4 64, A cantilever beam can be analysed as a plate with ____ boundary conditions :->cartesian anti symmetric involving orthotropic time compared to analysis involving non-linear material i->saves computer time, saves computer150. When more nodes are used to define the geometry than are used to define the displacement, the element is called ____ element :->superparamtric 151, When same number of nodes are used to define the geometry and displacement, the element is called ____element :->isoparametric 152, When fewer nodes are used to define the geometry than are used to define the displacement, the element is called _____ element :->subparametric 153. Sum of shape functions at a point is ->1 154. Curved boundary is better modeled by using :->isoparametri¢ elements 135, Accuracy of stiffness matrix improves with >more number of Gaussian points 156. Quadrature means :->numerical integration for getting stiffness coefficients 157. Gaussian points are used for :->numerical integration 158. Use of non-dimensional coordinates helps in :->numerical integration 159. Derivatives of displacement function with respect to element coordinate system and non- dimensional coordinate system is given by :->Jacobian 160. A Tinear term in the displacement function ensures :->constant strain mode 161. Number of terms in the displacement function in relation to the number of nodes in that element is p>equal 162. ‘A constant term in the displacement function ensures :->rigid body mode 163. A triangular 9-noded element will usually have ____ cubic displacement function :->symmetrie & incomplete 164, ‘Complete polynomial is___ important, compared to symmetry of displacement polynomial w.r.t. coordinate directions :->less 165, A triangular element with cubic displacement function requires nodes to represent the complete and symmetric polynomial :->10 16. ‘A triangular element with quadratic displacement function requires _____nodes to represent the ‘complete polynomial :->6 167. Displacement metuod can NOT be used with ______ boundary conditions :>siress 168. All stiffness coefficients of a plate bending element have ___units :>different 169. Continuum elements in different analysis may vary in :->size & shape 170, Continuum elements and discrete members can be included in a single model for analysis - ‘>depends on matching dof. 171. Continuum analysis includes :->plates & solids 172, Optimum number of elements in finite element model depends on assessment of ____ distribution in the component :->stress 173. Continuum analysis covers :->all 2-D and 3-D plates, solids 174. Displacement of any point on a side is related to displacements of nodes on that side only, ensures :>compatibility 175. Accuracy of solution in a 2-D component depends on :->included angle of elements 176. Displacement funetion which matches function value as well as its derivatives (slopes) at the specified nodes is classified as :->Hermitian interpotatioa function 177. Displacement function which matches function value at the specified nodes is classified as :- >Lagrange interpolation function 178, In general, more accurate solution is obtained by using :->higher order elements 179, Displacement method is based on minimum :->potential energy 180. Variational principle is the basis for :->Displacement method 181. FEM is a generalization of :->Rayleigh Ritz method 182, _Element stiffness coefficients of different elements can be algebraically added :->yes, only if coordinate directions are same 183. ‘The solution by FEM is :>mostly approximate 184. Discrete analysis covers :->all 2-D and 3-D trusses & frames 185. Ageneral 3-D beam element has ___ types of uncoupled behaviours :->4 186, Element stiffness matrix is NOT :->banded#1. brid method ig best Presevibed ~ SIvesses 185° FEM con be used do Carry oul Parametric. analysis ~ Some times true suited Jor problems’ with