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Sec 3 Surds (Worksheet)

This document provides an introduction to surds, which are irrational numbers expressed in radical form. It includes examples of adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing surds. It also covers rationalizing denominators by using conjugate surds, where the signs of one or more terms are changed. Solving equations involving surds is also demonstrated. Homework problems are assigned from the Pan Pac Additional Math textbook involving various operations on and with surds.

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Andy Cheng
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2K views

Sec 3 Surds (Worksheet)

This document provides an introduction to surds, which are irrational numbers expressed in radical form. It includes examples of adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing surds. It also covers rationalizing denominators by using conjugate surds, where the signs of one or more terms are changed. Solving equations involving surds is also demonstrated. Homework problems are assigned from the Pan Pac Additional Math textbook involving various operations on and with surds.

Uploaded by

Andy Cheng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sec 3 Integrated Mathematics (IP/mainstream)

Name : _______________________________ Class (

Date : ___________

Surds

Worksheet
A surd is an irrational number expressed in radical form.

Which of the following numbers are irrational?


22
2,

25
7

1
3

3.14

8
2

&&
0.28

Which of the following are surds?


2 8

10

32

2 3

3 2

(A) Addition and Subtraction of Surds


Example 1
Simplify the following

(a) 2 5 3 5 4 5 ,

(b) 10 2 8 3 32 2 50 .

(B) Multiplication of Surds


Example 2
Simplify the following

(a) 3 2 5 2 2 3 5 ,

(b) 7 3 2

(C) Division of Surds and Rationalizing the Denominator


Evaluate the sum

1
1
1
1

...
without using calculator.
1 2
2 3
3 4
99 100

To do this, we need to introduce the concept of conjugate surds.


Conjugate surds differ in the sign of one of the terms.
Surd
2 3

Conjugate Surd

10 11
Note : The product of two conjugate surds is always rational. See example 3.
Example 3
Show that the product of a b c d and a b c d is always rational if a, b, c and d are rational.

Example 4
Evaluate the product of the following

(a) 2 3 2 3

(b)

10 11

10 11

(c) 5 2 2 3 5 2 2 3

Example 5
Rationalise the denominators of the following
1
6
(a)
(b)
2
3

(c)

12
1440

The process of eliminating surds from the denominator is called to rationalize the denominator.

Example 6
Rationalise the denominators of the following
(a)

3
,
2 5 3

(b)

3 2 4
.
43 2

Example 7
Evaluate the sum

1
1
1
1

...
without using calculator.
1 2
2 3
3 4
99 100

This problem illustrates the usefulness of rationalizing the denominator of a fraction.


(D) Solving Equations Involving Surds
Example 8
Solve the equation

8 x x 2 0 .

Example 9
y 4 3y 1 5 .

Solve the equation

Warning : The process of squaring both sides of an equation may generate extraneous solutions,
hence it is important to check your answer(s).
Equality of Surds
ab m cd m

a c, b d
if a, b, c and d are rational numbers and m is irrational.
Example 10
Given that 3 2 3 4 a 3 b 23 3 , find the value of a and of b.

Homework :
Pan Pac Additional Math textbook, Pg 22, Ex 2.1, Q3 (c) (g) (h) , Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9

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