Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 1 of 7

Calculation Sheet:

Due: February 13, 2015

Assignment 2 Solution

400 mm

600 mm

The beam cross section shown has a steel area, As = 2500 mm2 .
The concrete strength, f'c = 30 MPa. The reinforcing steel has a
yield strength, fy = 400 MPa.
Step 1: Compute the moment resistance, Mr, for the
rectangular section

As

Step 2:

Using the parameters given above, compute the moment resistance, Mr, for a
10% increase in the effective depth.

Step 3:

Using the parameters given above, compute the moment resistance, Mr, for a
10% increase in the width of the cross section.

Step 4:

Using the parameters given above, compute the moment resistance, Mr, for a
10% increase in the strength of the concrete.

Step 5:

Using the parameters given above, compute the moment resistance, Mr, for a
10% increase in the yield strength of the reinforcing steel.

Step 6:

Using the parameters given above, compute the moment resistance, Mr, for a
10% increase in the area of reinforcing steel.

Summarize the results from Step 1 to Step 6 in a table comparing the percentage
increase in moment resistance (Mr ) for the 10% increase in the effective depth (d), width
of cross section (b), strength of the concrete (f'c), yield strength of the reinforcing steel
(fy), and the area of reinforcing steel (As). Comment on the results in terms of which
parameters have the greatest influence on the moment resistance, Mr.

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 2 of 7

Calculation Sheet:

Due: February 13, 2015

Assignment 2 Solution

b 400mm

d 600mm

A s 2500mm

400 mm

fc 30MPa

600 mm

fy 400MPa

As

Kr = s fy 1

bd

Mr = Kr b d

As

Material Resistance Factors,

21 c fc
s fy

f c = 0.65
f s = 0.85

As

fy

f'c

(mm)

(mm)

(mm2)

(M Pa)

(M Pa)

600

400

2500

400

30

660

400

2500

400

600

440

2500

600

400

600

600

Step #

Kr

Mr

(M Pa)

(kNm)

1.04%

3.14

452

30

0.95%

2.89

503

d/dref = 10%

11%

400

30

0.95%

2.89

458

b/bref = 10%

1.2%

2500

400

33

1.04%

3.18

457

f'c /f'c,ref = 10%

1.1%

400

2500

440

30

1.04%

3.41

491

f y/f y,ref = 10%

8.6%

400

2750

400

30

1.15%

3.41

491

A s /A s,ref = 10%

8.6%

Mr/Mref

0%

0%

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 3 of 7

Calculation Sheet:
Assignment 2 Solution

Due: February 13, 2015

ComparisonofIncreaseinMomentResistance
12%

Effective
Depth
(d )

11%

YieldStrengthof
Reinforcing Steel
(F y )

10%

SteelArea
(As )

9%

e 8%
c
n
tas
is 7%
e
R
t
en
m 6%
o
M

n
ie
s 5%
ae
rc
n
I
4%

3%

2%

Widthof
CrossSection
(b )

Strengthof
Concrete
(f 'c )

1%

0%

Conclusions
1) The effective depth has the greatest influence on the bending strength of a rectangular
section (i.e. increasing the effective depth by 10% produced an 11% increase in
bending strength).
2) The concrete strength, f 'c, and the width of the section, b, have very little influence on
the bending strength of a rectangular section (i.e. increasing the width or concrete
strength by 10% only produced an 1.1% - 1.2% increase in bending strength).
3) The steel area, A s, and the yield strength of the reinforcing steel, fy , have, for all intents
and purposes, the same influence on the bending strength of a rectangular section (i.e.
increasing the steel area or steel strength by 10% produced an 8.6% increase in
bending strength).

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 4 of 7

Calculation Sheet:

Due: February 13, 2015

Assignment 2 Solution

300 mm

Problem 2

5 No. 30
75

f 'c = 20 MPa,
f 'c = 35 MPa,

75

Case A:
Case B:

600 mm

For the beam cross section shown, determine whether the

failure of the beam will be initiated by crushing of concrete
or yielding of steel for:

Use f y = 400 MPa for the yield strength of reinforcing steel.

fy 400MPa

yield strength of reinforcing steel:

dimensions:

b 300mm
2

No. 30 bars, A b 700mm

A s 5Ab 3500 mm

2A b 75mm

yc

effective depth

d h 75mm yc

steel ratio:

yc 30 mm

5A b

d 495 mm

As

2.36 %

bd

fc 20MPa
1

1 0.85 0.0015MPa

stress block
parameters:

fc

1 0.97 0.0025MPa
balanced steel ratio:

c 0.65
s 0.85

steel area

centroid of reinforcing steel

a) Case A:

material resistance factors:

h 600mm

2.36 % > b 1.84 %

fc

1 0.82
1 0.92

1 c 1
s

700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y

b 1.84 %

section is over-reinforced and failure will be initiated by

crushing of the concrete

b) Case B:
stress block
parameters:

fc 35MPa
1

1 0.85 0.0015MPa

1 0.97 0.0025MPa
balanced steel ratio:

2.36 % < b 3 %

fc

fc

1 0.797
1 0.882

1 c 1
s

700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y

b 3.00 %

section is under-reinforced and failure will be initiated

by yielding of the reinforcing steel

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 5 of 7

Calculation Sheet:

Due: February 13, 2015

Assignment 2 Solution

Problem 3

Calculate the maximum uniformly distributed live load that the beam shown can carry. The
beam must support a dead load of 4 kN/m in addition to its self weight. There is 40 mm
clear spacing between the upper and lower layer of bars. Use f 'c = 25 MPa and fy = 400
MPa. Assume normal density concrete.
300 mm

600 mm

wL = ?

75 mm

2 No. 20
3 No. 25

8m

Beam

dimensions:

longitudinal bars

width:

b 300mm

overall depth:

h 600mm

diameter

db_20 19.5mm

area

A b_20 300mm

A b_25 500mm

L 8m

span length

Material
Properties

db_25 25.2mm

Specified compressive strength of concrete:

fc 25MPa

Specified yield strength of reinforcing steel:

fy 400MPa

Density of concrete

c 2400

kg
3

m
c 0.65

Material resistance
factors

s 0.85

The following variables are computed from the entered material properties
Unit weight of concrete:

c g

23.5

kN
3

m
Equivalent stress
block parameters:

1 0.85 0.0015MPa

fc

1 0.97 0.0025MPa

fc

1 0.813
1 0.907

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 6 of 7

Calculation Sheet:

Due: February 13, 2015

Assignment 2 Solution

Calculations

40 mm

Mathcad

yc

db_20
db_25
40mm

2
2

2A b_20

centroid calculation
yc

Excel
Spreadsheet

3A b_25 2Ab_20

Part
3 No 25
2 No 20

yc 17.8 mm

A ai

yc

effective depth

d h 75mm yc

steel area

A s 3Ab_25 2A b_20

steel ratio

balanced steel ratio:

resistance factor:

Kr s fy 1

moment resistance

Mr Kr b d

live load

As

ai
1500
600

yi

aiyi

0
62.35

a y
2100 i i
ai yi

ai

0
37410
37410
17.81

d 507 mm
2

A s 2100 mm
1.38 %

bd
700MPa fc
700MPa f f
y y

1 c 1
s

21 c fc
s fy

b 2.24 %

Kr 3.86 MPa
Mr 298 kN m

to solve for the live load:

1) set the factored moment, Mf , equal to the resisting
moment, Mr, and solve for the factored load, wf .
2) calculate the dead load, wD, by multiplying the area of
the beam times the unit weight of concrete
3) with the factored load and dead load, calculate the live
load using the factored load equation

Reinforced Concrete Design

CIVL1622

Page 7 of 7

Calculation Sheet:

Due: February 13, 2015

Assignment 2 Solution

factored load

Mf Mr
initialize unknown in solve block

wf 0

kN
m

Given
Mf =

wf L

wf Find wf

kN
m

wf 37.2

kN
m

wD 8.24

kN
m

dead load

wD b h 4

live load

initialize unknown in solve block

wL 0

Given
wf = 1.25wD 1.5wL

wL Find wL
wL 18.0

kN
m

kN
m